Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “WAVE INTERACTION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2002

Wave-Particle Interactions Associated with Nongyrotropic Distribution Functions: A Hybrid Simulation Study

Nongyrotropic plasma distribution functions can be formed in regions of space where guiding center motion breaks down as a result of strongly curved and weak ambient magnetic fields. Such are the conditions near the current sheet in the Earth's middle and distant magnetotail, where observations of nongyrotropic ion distributions have been made. Here a systematic parameter study of nongyrotropic proton distributions using electromagnetic hybrid simulations is made. We model the observed nongyrotropic distributions by removing a number of arc length segments from a cold ring distribution and find significant differences with the results of simulations that initially have a gyrotropic ring distribution. Model nongyrotropic distributions with initially small perpendicular thermalization produce growing fluctuations that diffuse the ions into a stable Maxwellian-like distribution within a few proton gyro periods. The growing waves produced by nongyrotropic distributions are similar to the electromagnetic proton cyclotron waves produced by a gyrotropic proton ring distribution in that they propagate parallel to the background magnetic field and occur at frequencies on the order of the proton gyrofrequency, The maximum energy of the fluctuating magnetic field increases as the initial proton distribution is made more nongyrotropic, that is, more highly bunched in perpendicular velocity space. This increase can be as much as twice the energy produced in the gyrotropic case.

Convery, P. D.↗
DOE OSTI2014

Three-dimensional theory of Smith-Purcell free-electron laser with dielectric loaded grating

A dielectric loaded rectangular grating for Smith-Purcell devices is proposed in this paper. Regarding the electron beam as a moving plasma dielectric, a three dimensional (3D) linear theory of beam-wave interaction is developed. The first and second order growth rates are calculated, which are obtained by expanding hot dispersion equation at synchronous point. The results show that the cutoff frequency is affected by grating width. The dispersion curve becomes flatter and shifts towards lower frequency by loading dielectric in grooves. The simulation results, which are obtained by a 3D particle-in-cell code, are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. Compared the first and second order growth rate, it shows that the discrepancy is large when beam parameters are selected with high values. In this case, it is necessary to apply the second order growth rate, which can accurately describe the process of beam-wave interaction.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Large-Area Lasing in Nanoscale Complex Media: The Critical Role of Local Dielectric Environment

Controlling how electromagnetic waves interact with complex media is critical for applications in imaging and focusing. Such lightwave interactions with complex media can lead to dramatic optical effects like lasing. While much work in random lasing focus on understanding how gain and scattering co-operatively generate lasing, little work has focused on how to manipulate the lasing threshold without modifying the structural disorder. Here, a simple, mostly unexplored, strategy is demonstrated that employs atomic layer deposition (ALD) to tune the local near-field environment while preserving the underpinning disorder—controlling lasing in a nanoscale complex medium on a large scale (>cm 2 ). The nanoscale complex medium is a quasi-2D system of coupled zinc oxide nanospheres with overall thickness deep in the sub-wavelength regime (≈λ/4). Near-ultraviolet femtosecond spectroscopy probes the broadband response of the gain nanomaterial, details how ALD process fundamentally modifies the fast-picosecond and slow-nanosecond carrier dynamics, and informs on the relevant timescales critical for lasing. Full-field electromagnetic simulations provide critical insights about how near-field dielectric environment modifies the nanostructure's scattering cross-section, which ultimately results in enhanced lasing. Importantly, these results highlight a simple path to control how electromagnetic waves interact in a complex medium, a key step toward large-scale implementation of complex lasers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Unraveling the role of temperature on the onset of ejecta formation at atomic scales

Shock wave interactions with perturbations on a free surface can lead to the inversion and growth of the perturbation and eventual ejection of a jet of material, referred to as an ejecta microjet, from shocked surfaces. Here, this study carries out large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using single-crystal Cu and Sn systems with a pre-existing groove to characterize the localized gradients in temperatures and pressures generated that render the microjet formation. MD simulations are carried out for three loading orientations (along the [001], [011], and [111] directions) and shock pressures ranging from 16 GPa to 100 GPa to understand the role of temperatures generated at the groove vertex on the formation of ejecta. The simulations suggest that the interaction of the shock wave with the groove results in a localized increase in temperatures, leading to localized softening at the groove vertex and the generation of an ejecta microjet. For Cu systems, the simulations suggest that the orientation effects on shock wave structures, velocities, and localized softening affect the ejecta formation at low pressures. Jetting is only observed when temperatures at the groove vertex are high enough to induce localized softening (close to melting temperature), and the jet velocity increases with shock pressure. In contrast, the loading orientation is rendered inconsequential for Sn systems due to the melting of the material during shock compression at the pressures chosen. The jet velocities are similar, regardless of crystal orientation in Sn systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fate of Internal Waves on a Shallow Shelf

Internal waves strongly influence the physical and chemical environment of coastal ecosystems worldwide. We report novel observations from a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system that tracked the transformation of internal waves from the shelf break to the surf zone over a narrow shelf slope region in the South China Sea. The spatially continuous view of temperature fields provides a perspective of physical processes commonly available only in laboratory settings or numerical models, including internal wave reflection off a natural slope, shoreward transport of dense fluid within trapped cores, and observations of internal rundown (near-bed, offshore-directed jets of water preceding a breaking internal wave). Analysis shows that the fate of internal waves on this shelf—whether transmitted into shallow waters or reflected back offshore—is mediated by local water column density structure and background currents set by the previous shoaling internal waves, highlighting the importance of wave-wave interactions in nearshore internal wave dynamics.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Quantum fluid model of coherent stimulated radiation by a dense relativistic cold electron beam

Using a quantum fluid model, the linear dispersion relation for FEL pumped by a short wavelength laser wiggler is deduced. Subsequently, a new quantum corrected resonance condition is obtained. It is shown that, in the limit of low energy electron beam and low frequency pump, the quantum recoil effect can be neglected, recovering the classical FEL resonance condition, k{sub s}=4k{sub w}γ{sup 2}. On the other hand, for short wavelength and high energy electron beam, the quantum recoil effect becomes strong and the resonance condition turns into k{sub s}=2√(k{sub w}/λ{sub c})γ{sup 3/2}, with λ{sub c} being the reduced Compton wavelength. As a result, a set of nonlinear coupled equations, which describes the quantum FEL dynamics as a three-wave interaction, is obtained. Neglecting wave propagation effects, this set of equations is solved numerically and results are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Time domain analysis of a gyrotron traveling wave amplifier with misaligned electron beam

This article develops a time-domain theory to study the beam-wave interaction in gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) with a misaligned electron beam. The effects of beam misalignment on the TE{sub 01} mode gyro-TWA operating at the fundamental are discussed. Numerical results show that the effect of misalignment is less obvious when the input power is larger, and the influences of misalignment on the stable gain and the stable time are basically opposite.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermal relaxation and the complete set of second-order transport coefficients for the unitary Fermi gas from kinetic theory

We compute the complete set of second-order transport coefficients of the unitary Fermi gas, a dilute gas of spin-1/2 particles interacting via an 𝑠 -wave interaction tuned to infinite scattering length. The calculation is based on kinetic theory and the Chapman-Enskog method at second order in the Knudsen expansion. We take into account the exact two-body collision integral. We extend previous results on second-order coefficients related to shear stress by including terms related to heat flow and gradients of the fugacity. We confirm that the thermal relaxation time is given by the simple estimate 𝜏 𝜅 = 𝜅⁢𝑚/(𝑐 𝑃 ⁢𝑇) even if the full collision kernel is taken into account. Furthermore, 𝜅 is the thermal conductivity, 𝑚 is the mass of the particles, 𝑐𝑃 is the specific heat at constant pressure, and 𝑇 is the temperature.

Kinetic theory↗
DOE OSTI2013

Interaction of waves with a birefringent medium moving with acceleration

Recent experiments demonstrated that the energy of a neutron traversing an accelerated sample of a refractive medium changes. Later, it was realized that such an accelerated-medium effect (AME) is quite a general phenomenon characteristic of waves and particles of different nature. This paper discusses some special features of the effect for a birefringent medium. In this case, AME shows quite new features. In neutron optics, where birefringence is due to the spin dependence of the refractive index, AME results in a nonstationary state with a precessing spin. In the case of the propagation of a two-flavor neutrino through an accelerated layer of matter, AME affects substantially the ensuing evolution of a neutrino flavor state as it propagates through a free space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗