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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Out Brief for the Structural Reliability Partnership Workshop

The Structural Reliability Partnership Workshop was held in Albuquerque, NM on August 29-30, 2017 and was hosted by Sandia National Laboratories. Attendees were present from academia, industry and several other national laboratories. The workshop kicked off with an introduction to the SRP to familiarize potential members with what the purpose, structure and benefits would be to their organization. Technical overviews were given on several topics by attendees from each sector – national labs, universities and industry – to provide a snapshot of the type of work that is currently being conducted on structural reliability. Attendees were then given the opportunity to suggest and discuss potential Challenge Scenario topics. Three were ultimately decided upon as being the most important: Additive Manufacturing, Hydrogen Pipeline Steels, and Bolted Joined Structures. These were then analyzed using Quad Charts to determine What, How, Who, and Why these areas would be further investigated. Rather than restricting future research to only one area, the option was left open to investigate both the top two, depending on interest and cost associated with hosting such an event. More informal collaboration may be undertaken for the third topic if members have time and interest. Other items discussed pertained to the organization, structure and policies of the Partnership. Topics including Data Management, IP, and mechanisms of partnering/information sharing were touched upon but final decisions were not made. Further action is needed before this can be done. Action items were outlined and assigned, where possible. The next workshop is to be held in early August 2018 in Boulder, CO and is to be hosted by NIST. In the interim, quarterly updates are to take place via WebEx to maintain a line of communication and to ensure progress on both the administrative and technical tasks.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Daylighting Digital Dimmer SBIR Phase 2 Final Report

The primary focus of the Phase II Development is the implementation of two key technologies, Task To Wall (TTW) Control, and Wand Gesture light dimming control into an easy to use remote for SSL light control, the MoJo Remote. The MoJo Remote product family includes a battery powered wireless remote, a WiFi gateway as well as Mobile Applications for iOS and Android. Specific accomplishments during the second reporting period include: 1. Finalization and implementation of MoJo Remote Accelerometer and capacitive-touch based UI/UX, referred to as the Wand Gesture UI. 2. Issuance of Patent for Wand Gesture UI. 3. Industrial and Mechanical Design for MoJo Remote and MoJo Gateway. 4. Task To Wall implementation and testing in MoJo Remote. 5. Zooming User Interface (ZUI) for the Mobile App implemented on both iOS and Andriod. 6. iOS Mobile app developed to beta level functionality. 7. Initial Development of the Android Mobile Application. 8. Closed loop color control at task (demonstrated at 2016 SSL R&D Workshop). 9. Task To Wall extended to Color Control, working in simulation. 10. Beta testing begun in Late 2017/Early 2018. The MoJo Remote integrates the Patented TTW Control and the Wand Gesture innovative User Interface, and is currently in Beta testing and on the path to commercialization.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

The Institute for Sustained Performance, Energy, and Resilience, University of North Carolina, Final Technical Report

This is the final report for the UNC component of the SciDAD Institute for Sustained Performance, Energy, and Resilience. In this report, we describe activities on the SUPER project at RENCI at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. While we focus particularly on UNC, we touch on project-wide activities as well as, on interactions with, and impacts on, other projects.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Integrated Plastic Substrates for OLED Lighting

OLED lighting has immense potential as aesthetically pleasing, energy-efficient general illumination. Unlike other light sources, such as incandescents, fluorescents, and inorganic LEDs, OLEDs naturally emit over a large-area surface. They are glare free, do not need to be shaded, and are cool to the touch, requiring no heatsink. The best efficiencies and lifetimes reported are on par with or better than current forms of illumination. However, the cost for OLED lighting remains high – so much so that these products are not market competitive and there is very low consumer demand. We believe that flexible, plastic-based devices will highlight the advantages of aesthetically-pleasing OLED lighting systems while paving the way for lowering both materials and manufacturing costs. These flexible devices require new development in substrate and support technology, which was the focus of the work reported here. The project team, led by Sinovia Technologies, has developed integrated plastic substrates to serve as supports for flexible OLED lighting. The substrates created in this project would enable large-area, flexible devices and are specified to perform three functions. They include a barrier to protect the OLED from moisture and oxygen-related degradation, a smooth, highly conductive transparent electrode to enable large-area device operation, and a light scattering layer to improve emission efficiency. Through the course of this project, integrated substrates were fabricated, characterized, evaluated for manufacturing feasibility and cost, and used in white OLED demonstrations to test their impact on flexible OLED lighting. Our integrated substrates meet or exceed the DOE specifications for barrier performance in water vapor and oxygen transport rates, as well as the transparency and conductivity of the anode film. We find that these integrated substrates can be manufactured in a completely roll-to-roll, high throughput process and have developed and demonstrated manufacturing methods that can produce thousands of feet of material without defects. We have evaluated the materials and manufacturing costs of these films at scale and find that they meet the current and future cost targets for bringing down the cost of OLED lighting while enabling future roll-to-roll manufacturing of the complete device. And finally, we have demonstrated that the inherent light-scattering properties of our films enhance white OLED emission efficiency from 20% to 50% depending on the metric. This work has shown that these substrates can be created, manufactured, and will perform as needed to enable flexible OLED lighting to enter the marketplace.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Training and Certification Programs on Industrial Energy Systems in the United States

The major industrial energy systems commonly found in manufacturing facilities are compressed air, ammonia refrigeration, chilled water, steam, process heating, combined heat and power, pumps, and fans. The efficiency of these systems contributes significantly to the whole-facility energy performance. On the national and even the international level, well-structured training and highly recognized certification programs help develop a highly skilled and qualified workforce to maintain and improve facilities' energy performance, particularly as technologies within these systems become more and more advanced. The purpose of this paper is to review currently available vendor-agnostic training and certification programs focusing on these systems and to identify the gap between market needs and currently available programs. Its three major conclusions are (1) most training programs focus on operations, maintenance, safety, and design although some briefly touch on energy performance aspects. (2) The Certified Refrigeration Energy Specialist certification by RETA the and Pump System Assessment Professional certification by HI were the only certifications found to be tool-agnostics and emphasize knowledge and skills for improving and maintaining systems energy performance. (3) Developing energy efficiency focused training and ANSI accredited certification programs for industrial energy systems will fill the gap between market needs and currently available programs.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Report on Community Solar Design Models for Consumer, Industry, & Utility Success

Since the inception of the first community solar program in 2006, a number of different utility, solar industry and consumer driven community solar program models have emerged across the country with varying regulatory and solar market frameworks behind them. There is little consistency in how programs are administered, participant benefits are assigned, and customers are charged for participation. Further, while it is regularly speculated that community solar programs meet the needs of customers, no such consumer research has been completed against different community solar program models. This collaborative research effort addressed three primary issues: Program design models are numerous and evolving, with varying degrees of applicability across different state policy, utility regulatory, and solar market types. The agents, transaction methods, and accruing costs and benefits are highly variable and largely built on anecdotally successful model evolution. ‘Community solar’ (shared/group solar, solar gardens, etc.) has become a catch-all concept that means different things to different stakeholders, limiting constructive program development and growth. Everything from green pricing programs to remote net metering to metering aggregation has been framed as community solar. Consumer research on individual concepts and program models has been done, but no comprehensive and comparative market research on the broader design models and attributes has been performed. SEPA’s collaborative research effort on Community Solar Design Models for Consumer, Industry, & Utility Success is premised on the principle that greater standardization of community solar models and better understanding of consumer interests are key underpinnings of increased community solar deployment. Utilizing a cross-sectional multi-stakeholder working group, as well as focus groups and surveys, webinars, targeted outreach, and other tools, this project aims to expand the community solar knowledge base, facilitate information exchange, identify opportunities for standardization and improvement, determine what consumers’ interests are and how best to message to them, promote the research results within the solar and utility industries, and advance key opportunities for strategic deployment plans for community solar. A summary of these key takeaways/lessons learned during the grant period include: Siting of system should be evaluated up-front in the process Engage stakeholders collaboratively and early to help ensure the best chance for a successful program IT/billing departments must have a seat at the design table Establish upfront target objectives with respect to residential and commercial program access levels helps ensure program success Balance trade-offs to manage utility and developer risk with customer participation carefully to optimize pricing and sizing the program offering Over the course of the 42 month grant period, SEPA and its project team conducted a series of activities all designed to accelerate the number and size of community solar programs across the country. These activities included: Community Solar Program Design Models (2 reports) – SEPA, in collaboration with its projects team, the Coalition for Community Solar Access, and over 60 administrators of actual community solar programs, developed two reports providing hard data on the developments of community solar. These reports touched on program performance, quantity and type of programs, and program design steps, among other aspects. The reports collectively received over 2000 unique downloads. Market Research Report – SEPA, in collaboration with The Shelton Group, conducted a series of national surveys and focus groups to identify what customers were looking for in a community solar offering. The resulting report, “What the Community Solar Customer Wants”, received over 1,000 unique downloads. Technical Assistance Projects – SEPA supported 8 organizations who were pursuing community solar programs. Based on this support, over 5.7 MWs of new solar capacity have been developed. Technical Assistance Case Studies – SEPA developed two case studies detailing the technical assistance work in Fremont, NE Department of Utilities and the public power arm of Minster Ohio. These two reports have received 1,002 unique downloads. Webinar – SEPA hosted two webinars on community solar which collectively received 743 participants. The webinars focused on disseminating the findings of the research conducted under this project, as well as the research conducted in separate solar market pathways projects. Community Solar Design Workshops – 120 registrants learned about the trends in community solar and participated a business case exercise to design their own programs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Non-contact Mirror Measurements by a Laser Tracker

In my previous experience, beam line optics measurement is directly or semi-directly done by moving SMR along its surface. The fact there is that the touchable part is not critical to the mirror’s future use. But now for NSLSII project, we have to deal with the no-touch-at- all-to-the-surface situation. The following is a general idea of how to measure a mirror without contact its precision surface, further test need to be done to verify it.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Roll-to-Roll Integrated Substrates for OLED Lighting (Final Report)

OLED lighting has immense potential as aesthetically pleasing, energy-efficient general illumination. Unlike other light sources, such as incandescents, fluorescents, and inorganic LEDs, OLEDs naturally emit over a large-area surface. They are glare free, do not need to be shaded, and are cool to the touch, requiring no heatsink. The best efficiencies and lifetimes reported are on par with or better than current forms of illumination. However, the cost for OLED lighting remains high – so much so that these products are not market competitive and there is very low consumer demand. We believe that flexible, plastic-based devices will highlight the advantages of aesthetically-pleasing OLED lighting systems while paving the way for lowering both materials and manufacturing costs. These flexible devices require new development in substrate and support technology, which was the focus of the work reported here. Sinovia Technologies, as part of a collaborative team, has developed integrated plastic substrates to serve as supports for flexible OLED lighting. These substrates include a barrier to protect the OLED from moisture and oxygen-related degradation, a smooth, highly conductive transparent anode to define the OLED area, and a light scattering layer to improve emission efficiency. To ensure low cost, the anode pattern must be defined using high throughput, continuous processing, and any pattern shape should be possible. No current patterning technique meets all of these requirements. This SBIR work demonstrated the use of flexographic printing as an effective method of patterning for integrated substrates. Flexography is a letterpress process commonly used for many types of everyday items including boxes, retail bags, milk cartons, food packaging, disposable cups, adhesive tapes, envelopes, wallpaper, and newspaper. The printing process can go as fast as 600 meters per minute with feature resolution around 10 microns, showing promise for low-cost with high throughput. In this case, Sinovia has successfully used this technique to print transparent anode patterns roll-to-roll as part of our integrated substrate for OLED lighting. We have characterized the printed films and tailored the edges of the printed areas for OLED compatibility. We followed this by making white OLEDs using these anodes. To ensure that our anodes were compatible with different OLED stack structures, we fabricated solution-processed polymer white OLEDs, as well as collaborated with OLEDWorks to fabricate evaporated small-molecule devices. Comparing to results from our previous studies, we find that the flexography process does not have any detrimental effects to our overall substrate. We were able to show that our flexographically printed integrated substrate improves OLED efficiency by 24 – 35%, similar to previous results demonstrated using batch-patterning techniques. The success of this work represents two substantial opportunities for OLED lighting manufacturers. The first to first facilitate flexible lighting panels at scale, and the second to lower costs for by enabling roll-to-roll manufacture of the entire device stack. When realized, both of these will help OLED to become market competitive with other forms of general illumination.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2013

Non-contact Mirror Measurement by a Laser Tracker

In my previous experience, beam line optics measurement is directly or semi-directly done by moving SMR along its surface. The fact there is that the touchable part is not critical to the mirror’s future use. But now for NSLSII project, we have to deal with the no-touch-at-all-to-the-surface situation. The following is a general idea of how to measure a mirror without contact its precision surface, further test need to be done to verify it.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Innovative Utility Offerings at the Distribution Edge: Case Studies from Around the Globe

The global evolution of the electricity sector - from deregulation, to higher penetrations of DERs, to digitization and changing consumer preferences - has delivered the utility industry to an inflection point. The vertically integrated, regulated model that persisted over most of the 20th century is undergoing a transformation, and utilities worldwide are responding with new approaches to the provision of products and services. This report catalogs several of these innovative approaches to incorporate new technologies such as electric vehicles, meet societal goals for a cleaner, more efficient electricity system, and empower consumers to make smarter energy choices and provide system benefits. The report comprises a series of 10 case studies across six continents, and features solutions touching on energy supply, energy efficiency, lighting, transport, data, heating and cooling, and rural/off-grid solutions. The diversity of products, programs, and markets documented illustrates the extent of the shift underway. Ultimately, the report demonstrates that utilities will continue to serve as critical partners in a global energy transition, and have been actively engaged in securing their position as such.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dragonstone Strategy – State of Cybersecurity in the Oil & Natural Gas Sector

The oil & natural gas (ONG) system touches every corner of the nation and increased communications & control capabilities have not only allowed for greater efficiency of system operation, but have also created a massive target for adversaries to launch cyber-attacks. Like any other heavy industrial process, the ONG system relies on a complex system of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) devices. The current state of cyber-preparedness across the ONG industry varies from organization to organization. Among the most common challenges that ONG companies face are remote locations, longlived field assets, and lacking capabilities to find and track malware on their systems. ONG companies tend to be concerned with lack of cyber-awareness from employees, risk stemming from remote access for operations & maintenance, and software vulnerabilities within third-party equipment. Various industry and government organizations are performing research and development activities to address some of these challenges, but in many cases industry stakeholders are not aware of solutions that already exist. It is clear that a need exists for a coherent, comprehensive, multi-layered strategy for assuring the security and resilience of the nation's pipeline infrastructure against cyber threats. For a variety of reasons, the general consensus from stakeholders interviewed by LLNL is that the state of cyber-security within the electric grid is currently outpacing its ONG cousin. Existing strategies for the resilience and cyber-security of the electric grid can and should be leveraged to provide immediate benefits to the ONG system. In LLNL’s view, there are two key factors currently limiting the development of necessary cyber-practices within the ONG industry: The sheer number of differing regulatory bodies and trade groups offering both standards and best-practice recommendations for ONG cyber-security makes it difficult to create a comprehensive, directed, and coherent strategy that is applicable to all players within the ONG industry. The ONG industry is unaware of potentially useful technologies that have been developed for ensuring cyber-security of other infrastructure systems, such as the electric grid. Leveraging these technologies—and the science and engineering behind them—can provide some low-hanging fruit that can greatly improve cyber-security in the ONG industry without significant investments in terms of time and money. In the months following this report, LLNL will continue to perform outreach to key oil & gas industry stakeholders in a continual effort to identify the most pressing cyber-resilience issues in the industry. This outreach will be supplemented with LLNL’s threat intelligence capabilities to begin painting a clearer picture of the overall threat landscape faced by this sector. This assessment will be threat-informed and while the strategy itself will not be classified we will leverage intelligence analysis and adversary capabilities to identify gaps in current cybersecurity practices for oil & gas pipeline systems. Recommended efforts will be compiled into a cyber-resilience roadmap for the oil & gas pipeline sector, in which LLNL will highlight priority activities to immediately improve the state of cyber-resilience in the industry.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2020

How to build a heliotrope solar hot air balloon

This document describes how to build a 5-gore, 5.8 m diameter heliotrope solar hot air balloon. This is a fairly straightforward process, but it is painstaking. When making the balloons, make sure not to wear anything that can snag the material (badges, etc). Sharp objects or corners should not be present. When laying out, folding, and cutting gores, it is best to wear socks instead of shoes. Tape should never be pulled off of a balloon. If it accidentally touches the balloon material, it should be left in place or cut free. Also, when adding tape (either intentionally or not), no sticky parts should be left. Sticky parts should either be cut free or taped over. Otherwise, the sticky part will grab the balloon envelope and tear it. You are building a 20 ft sphere out of material thinner than a grocery bag — the best guidance is just to use common sense.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Introduction to InterSpec for Gamma-Ray Analysis [Slides]

InterSpec is a spectrum viewing and analysis tool that can be used for nuclide identification and quantification. Developed at Sandia National Laboratories, it is open source and can be obtained at: https://github.com/sandialabs/interspec/releases. These slides do not cover nuclide quantification and only touch on nuclide identification (ID).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Bradbury Science Museum NOTEs Program Docs: Building Immunity: How fighting HIV and other viruses helps us understand our immune system

Building Immunity is a unique opportunity to journey through the history and development of your immune system. Our interactive touch table invites each user to choose their own, unique experience as they learn about how fighting HIV and other viruses helps researchers understand how our own immune systems work to keep us healthy. From the Bradbury Science Museum of Los Alamos National Laboratory, the exhibit presents remarkable insight into one of the most ancient and well-traveled organisms on the planet, viruses. Viral epidemics like the H1N1 flu, which killed over 40 million people in 1918, devastate communities around the world and destabilize regions around the globe. Additionally, their ability to mutate quickly creates a “Red Queen” effect, or loop of treated and then treatment-resistant strains of deadly diseases. Increased understanding of the relationships between viruses and our own immune system is crucial to the development of improved treatments and novel vaccines and this research is happening right now at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

EFCOG Human Performance Improvement Task Group: Task 20-2, Asking Better Error Precursor Questions for Effective Job Planning, Pre-Job Briefs, and Event Investigations

The second principle of human performance states: “error-likely situations are predictable, manageable, and preventable.” An error-likely situation comes into play when task-related factors exceed the capabilities of the individual, creating a mismatch at the point when the individual is “touching” either the physical or the paper plant. The simple presence of adverse conditions cannot be error-likely unless a specific action is to occur within that set of adverse conditions.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Macro Supply Chain Lifecycle Decision Analytics

This report summarizes a two-year LDRD project that investigated the problem of representing complex supply chains, identifying the worst risks and evaluating mitigation options. Our team developed a framework that includes a representation for business processes, risk assessment questions, risk indicators and methods for analyzing and summarizing the data. In our approach, the Process Matrix represents an overall supply chain for an end product in a high-level, tabular form. It connects the various touch-points of a business process including people, external vendors, tools, storage locations and transportation services while capturing the flow of both physical and intellectual artifacts. We believe these direct connections are exactly the things that a process owner can typically control. These material flows (both physical and intellectual) are also represented in a graph. This enables us to use graph-oriented analysis such as fault tree analysis and attack graph generation. Our approach is top-down, which helps users to get a more holistic understanding for a given amount of resources. Understanding the provenance of materials is difficult and it is easy to exhaust the analysts' resources. Rather than a tool to do vendor analysis or product comparison, our framework enables an enterprise-level analysis. The risk assessment questionnaires have a varying levels of detail and cover various aspects of the supply chain such as process steps, artifacts, suppliers, etc. and connections between these aspects such as artifact-storage, artifact-supplier, etc. Each question is further associated with one of seven risk indicators which can be used to summarize the risk. These risk indicators can also be weighted to reflect a user's concerns. We have successfully applied our framework to several use cases in various stages of its development and provided valuable insights to our partners, but it can also be applied to other complex systems outside of the supply chain security problem.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Self-Disinfecting Polymeric Coatings

A novel derivative of a previously-published polymeric material has been synthesized and developed into an easily-sprayable coating. Surface characterization of coatings confirm correct elemental presence, and viral assays reveal quantitative elimination of MS2 bacteriophage and Phi6 bacteriophage, surrogates used for SARS-CoV-2, in as little as 5 minutes upon contact. Furthermore, an N95 mask was dip-coated in the polymer solution and analyzed through microscopy and filtration efficacy testing. Though coating was successful, electrostatic interactions between mask layers and polymer reduced filtration efficacy significantly. As such, we expect the current results of this work to be applicable on non-respiratory PPE and on solid substrates of commonly-touched surfaces for rapid self-decontamination.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗