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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Effect of Pressurization on Solid Oxide Cell Oxygen Electrodes: the Role of PrO x Nanoparticle Infiltration

Pressurization of solid oxide cells improves performance by reducing electrode polarization resistance (R P ) and facilitates system integration with balance of plant components such as pressurized storage tanks. However, there are few reports on pressurization effects for electrodes designed for low-temperature operation and utilizing infiltrated catalysts. Here we report an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study of high performing oxygen electrode materials, SrTi 0.3 Fe 0.63 Co 0.07 O 3-∂ (STFC) and PrO x infiltrated STFC, for oxygen partial pressures ($p$ $o$ 2 ) from 0.1 to 8 atm and temperatures from 550 to 650 °C. decreases more with pressurization for STFC:PrO x , fitting well to with an exponent n~0.3, compared to n~0.25 for STFC. The combination of PrO x infiltration and pressurization yields a substantial R P decrease, e.g., at 600 °C by ~7 times from 0.36 Ω cm 2 at $p$ $o$ 2 = 0.2 atm for STFC to 0.055 Ω cm 2 at $p$ $o$ 2 = 4 atm for STFC:PrO x . Here, a transmission-line-based circuit model impedance fit reveals that the significant oxygen surface reaction (R surf ) resistance contribution decreases substantially with PrO x infiltration; and its $p$ $o$ 2 dependence become more pronounced, with n increasing from ~0.25 to ~0.5. R surf for STFC:PrO x decreases so much at elevated $p$ $o$ 2 that the electrode/electrolyte interface resistance dominates.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Solid electrolytes for solid-state and lithium-sulfur batteries

The stringent demands placed on batteries by emerging vehicle technologies such as plug-in and battery electric vehicles suggest that improvements in the safety and performance of electrochemical energy storage devices, as well as concurrent reductions in their cost, are highly desirable. Current strategies for improving performance have largely focused on Li-ion battery chemistries. In this project went beyond the state of the art by pursuing electrolyte chemistries that will enable the use of Li metal anodes and sulfur cathodes, either concurrently in a solid state Li-S battery, or as a means to achieve a Li metal anode which is stable upon cycling. More specifically, our effort advanced strategies to enable Li metal anodes for myriad beyond Li-ion chemistries . LLZO garnet (Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ) is the first bulk-scale ceramic electrolyte to exhibit the combination of superionic conductivity (1mS/cm at 298K), high shear modulus (61 GPa) to suppress Li dendrite penetration, and apparent electrochemical stability (0-6V vs Li/Li + ), thus enabling Li metal anodes. However, to date there are no reports confirming LLZO can tolerate current densities > 1mA/cm 2 , thus demonstrating relevance to PHEV/EV batteries. Our goal was to investigate the mechanisms that govern the Li-LLZO interfacial stability as a function of current density. We determined that defects in polycrystalline LLZO reduce the critical current density (CCD). Primarily contaminants on the LLZO surface and grain boundaries were the primary defects the limited the CCD. Using our experience with synthesis and processing (Sakamoto and Wolfenstine) and sophisticated materials characterization (Nanda), we precisely controlled atomistic and microstructural defects and correlated their effects on controlling the critical current density. These data fed into multi-scale computation models (Siegel and Monroe) to isolate and quantify the roles that each defect played in controlling the critical current density. Bridging this knowledge gap allowed us to demonstrate that LLZO can withstand > 1mA/cm 2 .

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. However, a number of setbacks prevent their integration into commercial devices. The main limiting factor is due to nanoscale phenomena occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, ultimately leading to degradation of battery operation. These key problems are highly challenging to observe and characterize as these batteries contain multiple buried interfaces. One approach for direct observation of interfacial phenomena in thin film batteries is through the fabrication of electrochemically active nanobatteries by a focused ion beam (FIB). As such, a reliable technique to fabricate nanobatteries was developed and demonstrated in recent work. Herein, a detailed protocol with a step-by-step process is presented to enable the reproduction of this nanobattery fabrication process. In particular, this technique was applied to a thin film battery consisting of LiCoO 2 /LiPON/a-Si, and has further been previously demonstrated by in situ cycling within a transmission electron microscope.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Exceptionally High Ionic Conductivity in Na 3 P 0.62 As 0.38 S 4 with Improved Moisture Stability for Solid-State Sodium-Ion Batteries

A Na-ion solid-state electrolyte, Na 3 P 0.62 As 0.38 S 4 , is developed with an exceptionally high conductivity of 1.46 mS cm -1 at 25 degrees C and enhanced moisture stability. Dual effects of alloying element As (lattice expansion and a weaker As. S bond strength) are responsible for the superior conductivity. Improved moisture stability is regulated by shifting low-energy moisture reactions to high-energy ones due to As.

Yu, Zhaoxin↗
DOE OSTI2021

Li 2 S 6 ‐Integrated PEO‐Based Polymer Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Abstract The integration of Li 2 S 6 within a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based polymer electrolyte is demonstrated to improve the polymer electrolyte's ionic conductivity because the strong interplay between O 2− (PEO) and Li + from Li 2 S 6 reduces the crystalline volume within the PEO. The Li/electrolyte interface is stabilized by the in situ formation of an ultra‐thin Li 2 S/Li 2 S 2 layer via the reaction between Li 2 S 6 and lithium metal, which increases the ionic transport at the interface and suppresses lithium dendrite growth. A symmetric Li/Li cell with the Li 2 S 6 ‐integrated composite electrolyte has excellent cyclability and a high critical current density of 0.9 mA cm −2 at 40 °C. Impressive electrochemical performance is demonstrated with all‐solid‐state Li/LiFePO 4 and high‐voltage Li/LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 cells at 40 °C.

Fang, Ruyi↗
DOE OSTI2018

On the challenges facing the handling of solid biomass feedstocks: On the Challenges Facing the Handling of Solid Biomass Feedstocks

With a major global emphasis on the management of waste, alternative resources and a shift to environmentally sustainable technologies, demand for large volumes of heterogeneous solid biomass feedstocks for energy or chemical use is expected to rise significantly. In transforming a sporadic supply of a low-value, highly variable product, to continuous and controlled high throughput systems, a thorough understanding of the feedstock properties will increase in importance. Appropriate characterisation tests are necessary to define technical specification and selection criteria for handling equipment and to appraise the requirement and location for additional processes or pre-treatment to be integrated into the handling chain. Such tests may also influence the material characteristics to be used in the conversion process. In this paper, we discuss the main feedstock attributes associated with a number of handling chain phases and the approach to obtain them. Lastly, the framework for a holistic approach to the characterisation and design of biomass feedstock handling systems for further development and practical implementation is also proposed.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2014

The potential of ill-nitride laser diodes for solid-state lighting [Advantages of III-Nitride Laser Diodes in Solid-State Lighting]

III-nitride laser diodes (LDs) are an interesting light source for solid-state lighting (SSL). Modelling of LDs is performed to reveal the potential advantages over traditionally used light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The first, and most notable, advantage is LDs have higher efficiency at higher currents when compared to LEDs. This is because Auger recombination that causes efficiency droop can no longer grow after laser threshold. Second, the same phosphor-converted methods used with LEDs can also be used with LDs to produce white light with similar color rendering and color temperature. Third, producing white light from direct emitters is equally challenging for both LEDs and LDs, with neither source having a direct advantage. Lastly, the LD emission is directional and can be more readily captured and focused, leading to the possibility of novel and more compact luminaires. These advantages make LDs a compelling source for future SSL.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗