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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Quasiparticle spectroscopy, transport, and magnetic properties of Nb films used in superconducting transmon qubits

Niobium thin films on silicon substrate used in the fabrication of superconducting qubits have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrical transport, magnetization, quasiparticle spectroscopy, and real-space real-time magneto-optical imaging. We study niobium films to provide an example of a comprehensive analytical set that may benefit superconducting circuits such as those used in quantum computers. The films show outstanding superconducting transition temperature of $T_{c}=9.35$ K and a fairly clean superconducting gap, along with superfluid density enhanced at intermediate temperatures. These observations are consistent with the recent theory of anisotropic strong-coupling superconductivity in Nb. However, the response to the magnetic field is complicated, exhibiting significantly irreversible behavior and insufficient heat conductance leading to thermo-magnetic instabilities. These may present an issue for further improvement of transmon quantum coherence. Possible mitigation strategies are discussed.

Joshi, Kamal R.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Emulating 2D Materials with Magnons

Spin waves (magnons) in two-dimensional (2D) materials have received increasing interest due to their unique states and potential for tunability. However, many interesting features of these systems, including Dirac points and topological states, occur at high frequencies, where experimental probes are limited. Here, we study a crystal formed by patterning a hexagonal array of holes in a perpendicularly magnetized thin film. Through simulation, we find that the magnonic band structure imitates that of graphene, but additionally has some kagomelike character and includes a few flat bands. Surprisingly, its nature can be understood using a nine-band tight-binding Hamiltonian. This clear analogy to 2D materials enables band-gap engineering in 2D, topological magnons along 1D phase boundaries, and spectrally isolated modes at 0D point defects. Interestingly, the 1D phase boundaries allow access to the valley degree of freedom through a magnonic analog of the quantum valley Hall insulator. These approaches can be extended to other magnonic systems, but are potentially more general due to the simplicity of the model, which resembles existing results from electron, phonon, photon, and cold-atom systems. This finding brings the physics of spin waves in 2D materials to more experimentally accessible scales, augments it, and outlines a few principles for controlling magnonic states.

Ferrimagnets↗
DOE OSTI2012

Dual phase transformation and resultant magnetic properties in Fe{sub 3}Pt thin films

Fifty-nm-thick Fe{sub 75}Pt{sub 25} thin films have been made on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and subsequently annealed at 300 -700 deg. C (T{sub a}) for 1 h. The as-deposited Fe{sub 3}Pt film exhibits high magnetization of 1530 emu/cm{sup 3} and a disordered bcc structure, confirmed by high-resolution synchrotron radiation x-ray diffractometry. First-phase transformation from the bcc to disorder fcc structure occurs for samples annealed at 300 deg. C. With increasing of T{sub a} up to 375 deg. C, the film displays a nearly disordered fcc phase with low magnetization of 1083 emu/cm{sup 3}. The fcc phase changes to ordered L1{sub 2} structure for samples with T{sub a} {>=} 400 deg. C. The highly ordered L1{sub 2} phase with magnetization of 1270 emu/cm{sup 3} and coercivity of 66 Oe was obtained in Fe{sub 3}Pt film at 700 deg. C-annealing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Direct evidence of anomalous interfacial magnetization in metamagnetic Pd doped FeRh thin films

Palladium doped iron rhodium is a magnetic material of significant interest for it’s close to room temperature magnetostructural phase transition from antiferromagnetic (AF) to ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. Here we report on the peculiarities of the magnetization distribution in thin films of FeRh(Pd) probed by Polarized Neutron Reflectometry. Remarkably, we’ve found thin interfacial regions with strong magnetization that have unique thermomagnetic properties as compared to the rest of the system. These regions exist at the top and bottom interfaces of the films while the central regions behave similarly to the bulk with a clear AF-FM order transition. Further we explore the impact of an additional Pt interlayer introduced in the middle of the FeRh(Pd) film and reveal that it serves to replicate the strong interfacial magnetization found at the top and bottom interfaces. In conclusion, these results are of great value both in understanding the fundamental physics of such an order transition, and in considering FeRh(Pd) for magnetic media and spintronics applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quasiparticle Spectroscopy, Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Nb Films Used in Superconducting Qubits

Niobium thin films on silicon substrate used in the fabrication of superconducting qubits have been characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electrical transport, magnetization, the London penetration depth - based quasiparticle spectroscopy, and real-space real-time magneto-optical imaging. Here we study niobium films to provide an example of a comprehensive analytical set that may benefit superconducting circuits such as those used in quantum computers. The films have a superconducting transition temperature of T c = 9.35 K and a fairly clean superconducting gap. The estimated superfluid density is enhanced at intermediate temperatures. These observations are consistent with the recent theory of anisotropic strong-coupling superconductivity in Nb and indicate outstanding quality. However, the response to the magnetic field is complicated, exhibiting significantly irreversible behavior and insufficient heat dissipation (to a substrate), leading to thermomagnetic instabilities. This may present a challenge for further improvement of transmon quantum coherence. Possible mitigation strategies are discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Far-Infrared Conductivity Measurements of Pair Breaking in Superconducting Nb0,5 Ti0,5N Thin Films Induced by an External Magnetic Field

We report the complex optical conductivity of a superconducting thin film of Nb{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}N in an external magnetic field. The field was applied parallel to the film surface and the conductivity extracted from far-infrared transmission and reflection measurements. The real part shows the superconducting gap, which we observe to be suppressed by the applied magnetic field. We compare our results with the pair-breaking theory of Abrikosov and Gor'kov and confirm directly the theory's validity for the optical conductivity.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Topological Transitions Induced by Antiferromagnetism in a Thin-Film Topological Insulator

Magnetism in topological insulators (TIs) opens a topologically nontrivial exchange band gap, providing an exciting platform for manipulating the topological order through an external magnetic field. Here, we show that the surface of an antiferromagnetic thin film can magnetize the top and the bottom TI surface states through interfacial couplings. During the magnetization reversal, intermediate spin configurations are ascribed from unsynchronized magnetic switchings. This unsynchronized switching develops antisymmetric magnetoresistance spikes during magnetization reversals, which might originate from a series of topological transitions. With the high Néel ordering temperature provided by the antiferromagnetic layers, the signature of the induced topological transition persists up to ~$90 K$.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Investigation of the magnetic properties of insulating thin films using the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect

The longitudinal spin Seebeck effect is used as a detector for the magnetic properties and switching characteristics of magnetic thin insulating films. We use a 300 nm and a 20 nm thick Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG, Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12}) film prepared by pulsed laser deposition and afterwards coated by platinum for the detection of the thermally excited magnons by the inverse spin Hall effect. The inverse spin Hall signals reveal a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy along the direction of the platinum stripe in the thicker film. For the thin film we find a more isotropic behavior, which is complementarily observed using the magnetoresistance occurring at the platinum/YIG interface. We explain our results on the basis of x-ray diffraction data, which reveal a miscut of the substrate and film surface and an expansion of the YIG lattice. Both findings favor a growth-induced magnetic anisotropy that we observe.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Out-of-plane spin-orientation dependent magnetotransport properties in the anisotropic helimagnet CR 1/3 NbS 2 [Spin-Orbit Coupling Induced Anisotropy in the Magnetotransport of the Chiral Helimagnet Cr1=3NbS2]

Understanding the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been crucial for controlling magnetic anisotropy in magnetic multilayer films. It has been shown that electronic structure can be altered via interface SOC by varying the superlattice structure, resulting in spontaneous magnetization perpendicular or parallel to the plane. In lieu of magnetic thin films, we study the similarly anisotropic helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 where the spin-polarization direction, controlled by the applied magnetic field, can modify the electronic structure. As a result, the direction of spin polarization can modulate the density of states and in turn affect the in-plane electrical conductivity. In Cr1/3NbS2, we found an enhancement of in-plane conductivity when the spin polarization is out-of-plane as compared to in-plane spin polarization. This is consistent with the increase in density of states near the Fermi energy at the same spin configuration, found from first-principles calculations. We also observe unusual field dependence of the Hall signal in the same temperature range. This is unlikely to originate from the noncollinear spin texture but rather further indicates strong dependence of electronic structure on spin orientation relative to the plane.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Out-of-plane chiral domain wall spin-structures in ultrathin in-plane magnets

Chiral spin textures in ultrathin films, such as skyrmions or chiral domain walls, are believed to offer large performance advantages in the development of novel spintronics technologies. While in-plane magnetized films have been studied extensively as media for current- and field-driven domain wall dynamics with applications in memory or logic devices, the stabilization of chiral spin textures in in-plane magnetized films has remained rare. Here we report a phase of spin structures in an in-plane magnetized ultrathin film system where out-of-plane spin orientations within domain walls are stable. Moreover, while domain walls in in-plane films are generally expected to be non-chiral, we show that right-handed spin rotations are strongly favoured in this system, due to the presence of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. These results constitute a platform to explore unconventional spin dynamics and topological phenomena that may enable high-performance in-plane spin-orbitronics devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of amorphous [CoSiB/Pt]{sub N} thin films

Materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have been intensively studied for high-density nonvolatile memory such as spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory with low switching current density and high thermal stability. Compared with crystalline PMA multilayers, considerable works have been done on amorphous PMA multilayers because the amorphous materials are expected to have lower pinning site density as well as smaller domain wall width. This study is an overview of the PMA properties of amorphous [CoSiB/Pt]{sub N} multilayers with varying N, where the energy contribution is changed from domain wall energy to magnetostatic energy around N = 6. By measuring the field-induced domain wall motion, we obtain the creep exponent of μ = 1/4. These results in the amorphous PMA multilayers of [CoSiB/Pt]{sub N} demonstrate possible potential as a free layer for PMA-based memory devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Electric-field-induced strain effects on the magnetization of a Pr 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 film

The electric-field control of magnetic properties of Pr 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 (PSMO) film on piezoelectric Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMNT) substrate was investigated. The piezoelectric response of the PMNT substrate to the electric field produced strain that was coupled to the PSMO film. The in-plane compressive (tensile) strain increased (decreased) the magnetization. The change of magnetic moment was associated with the Mn ions. First principle simulations showed that the strain-induced electronic redistribution of the two e g orbitals (3d z 2 and 3d x 2 -y 2 ) of Mn ions was responsible for the change of magnetic moment. This work demonstrates that the magnetoelectric effect in manganite/piezoelectric hetero-structures originates from the change in eg orbital occupancy of Mn ions induced by strain rather than the interfacial effect.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Micromagnetic and Magnetooptical Properties of Ferromagnetic/Heavy Metal Thin Film Structures

The magnetic properties of CoPt, CoPd, and FePd thin films with different contents of a ferromagnetic material fabricated by electron beam evaporation have been compared. The micromagnetic structure investigations have shown a decrease in the magnetic domain size with an increase in the Co content in the CoPt and CoPd films, which has been attributed to the presence of two magnetic phases in the films. The magnetooptical studies have shown anomalously large Faraday angles and the absence of Kerr effect in the CoPt films, which make them attractive for application in optics. In the FePd films, the minimum coercivity values have been obtained from the magnetic-field dependences of the magnetization, which has also been related to the magnetic structure features.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Exchange bias and interface-related effects in two-dimensional van der Waals magnetic heterostructures: Open questions and perspectives

The exchange bias (EB) effect is known as a fundamentally and technologically important magnetic property of a magnetic bilayer film. It is manifested as a horizontal shift in a magnetic hysteresis loop of a film subject to cooling in the presence of a magnetic field. The EB effect in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures offers a novel approach for tuning the magnetic properties of the newly discovered single-layer magnets, as well as adds a new impetus to magnetic vdW heterostructures. Indeed, intriguing EB effects have recently been reported in a variety of low-dimensional vdW magnetic systems ranging from a weakly interlayer-coupled vdW magnet (e.g., Fe 3 GeTe 2 ) to a bilayer composed of two different magnetic vdW materials (e.g., Fe 3 GeTe 2 /CrCl 3 , Fe 3 GeTe 2 /FePS 3 , Fe 3 GeTe 2 /MnPS 3 , Fe 3 GeTe 2 /CrSe, Fe 3 GeTe 2 /CrOCl, Fe 3 GeTe 2 /CoPc, Fe 5 GeTe 2 /FePS 3 ), to bilayers of two different vdW defective magnets (e.g., VSe 2 /MoS 2 ), or to metallic ferromagnet/vdW defective magnet interfaces (e.g., Fe/MoS 2 ). Despite their huge potential in spintronic device applications, the physical origins of the observed EB effects have remained elusive to researchers. Here, we present here a critical review of the EB effect and associated phenomena such as magnetic proximity (MP) in various vdW heterostructure systems and propose approaches to addressing some of the emerging fundamental questions.

2D magnets↗
DOE OSTI2015

A magnetic atomic laminate from thin film synthesis: (Mo{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}){sub 2}GaC

We present synthesis and characterization of a new magnetic atomic laminate: (Mo{sub 0.5}Mn{sub 0.5}){sub 2}GaC. High quality crystalline films were synthesized on MgO(111) substrates at a temperature of ∼530 °C. The films display a magnetic response, evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometry, in a temperature range 3-300 K and in a field up to 5 T. The response ranges from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic with change in temperature, with an acquired 5T-moment and remanent moment at 3 K of 0.66 and 0.35 μ{sub B} per metal atom (Mo and Mn), respectively. The remanent moment and the coercive field (0.06 T) exceed all values reported to date for the family of magnetic laminates based on so called MAX phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Origin of Interfacial Magnetic Anisotropy in Ta/CoFeB/MgO and Pt/CoFeB/MgO Multilayer Thin Film Stacks

Interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in Pt/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO and Ta/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO multilayer structures has been researched at various CoFeB layer thicknesses. Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements show that while strong PMA is achieved in Ta/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO structure for the thickness of Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} range from 0.5 to 1.0 nm, a very weak PMA is observed in Pt/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO film stack for the same Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20} thicknesses. Based on the experimental results, the interfacial anisotropy energy in Ta/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO (1.17 erg/cm{sup 2}) was found to be almost 2.5× larger than that in Pt/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO (0.43 erg/cm{sup 2}). It is accepted that the PMA comes from the seed/ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic/oxide layer interfaces. Thus, the origin of interfacial magnetic anisotropy can be hybridization and/or crystallinity properties at the interfaces in Ta- and Pt-seeded stacks. While the PMA is strong in Pt/Co/MgO structure, it becomes in-plane in Fe-rich Pt/CoFeB/MgO structure. It is deduced that hybridization between 3d-5d (Co-Pt) orbitals is more dominant in Pt/CoFeB interface than 2p-3d (O-Fe) hybridization at CoFeB/MgO interface in Pt-seeded stacks. In addition, the crystallinity was studied by performing high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) technique. The crystal orientations of Ta and Pt are found as (002) and (111), respectively. The ferromagnetic layer might be induced out-of-plane orientation in Ta-seeded stack due to observing highly crystallized MgO (001). Thus, another reason for in-plane magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}/MgO might be the absence of MgO crystallization because Pt is crystallized fcc (111) orientation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗