Electromagnetic and thermal properties of the moon's surface
Electromagnetic and thermal properties of lunar surface determined by radar reflection, radiometric, infrared, and laboratory experiments
THERMAL PROPERTY↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Laboratory experiments”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Chemical studies on the origin of life.
Chemical laboratory experiments on origin, chemical components and structural attributes of life
BIOCHEMISTRY↗
Comparative lunar-terrestrial colorimetry
Literature review and laboratory experiments to evaluate comparative lunar - terrestrial colorimetry
COLORIMETRY↗
Project Fog Drops - Investigation of warm fog properties and fog modification concepts Quarterly progress report
Theoretical modeling of fog modification by seeding with hygroscopic nuclei, climatic survey of fog frequency in Buffalo, New York, large scale laboratory experiments, and field tests
Kocmond, W. C.↗
The Operation of an Electron-Bombardment Ion Source with Various Gases
The efficiency of the electron-bombardment thrustor is approaching the maximum that can be expected. Desired lifetimes (of the order of 10,000 hr) have not yet been reached, but present knowledge indicates such lifetimes should be obtainable, The simplicity of this thrustor makes it interesting as an ion source for various laboratory experiments. Various gases have been used to determine the ion-chamber and accelerator performance for such applications.
Reader, Paul D.↗
Integrated Manned Interplanetary Spacecraft Concept Definition. Volume 1 - Summary Final Report
All nuclear space acceleration system and basic spacecraft consisting of biconic earth entry module, mission module, vehicle control, experiment laboratories, and excursion module
Source record↗
Can man start an evolution?
Synthesis of biological cell by polypeptide sequences of amino acids in laboratory experiments
Fox, S. W.↗
Static and dynamic origin of kink bands in micas
Static and shock kink bands in biotite deformed by metamorphism, meteorite impact, nuclear explosion and laboratory experiments
Hoerz, F.↗
In-space fabrication of thin-film structures
A conceptual study of physical vapor-deposition processes for in-space fabrication of thin-film structures is presented. Potential advantages of in-space fabrication are improved structural integrity and surface reflectivity of free-standing ultra-thin films and coatings. Free-standing thin-film structures can find use as photon propulsion devices (solar sails). Other applications of the concept involve free-standing shadow shields, or thermal control coatings of spacecraft surfaces. Use of expendables (such as booster and interstage structures) as source material for the physical vapor deposition process is considered. The practicability of producing thin, textured, aluminum films by physical vapor deposition and subsequent separation from a revolving substrate is demonstrated by laboratory experiments. Heating power requirement for the evaporation process is estimated for a specific mission.
Lippman, M. E.↗
Experimental determination of cosmic ray charged particle intensity profiles in the atmosphere
Absolute cosmic-ray free air ionization and charged particle fluxes and dose rates throughout the atmosphere were measured on a series of balloon flights that commenced in 1968. Argon-filled ionization chambers equipped with solid-state electrometers, with different gas pressures and steel wall thicknesses, and a pair of aluminum-wall Gm counters have provided the basic data. These data are supplemented by measurements with air-filled and tissue equivalent ionization chambers and a scintillation spectrometer. Laboratory experiments together with analyses of the theoretical aspects of the detector responses to cosmic radiation indicate that these profiles can be determined to an overall accuracy of + or - 5 percent.
Lowder, W. M.↗
Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements
Results are presented of laboratory experiments conducted on the thermal resistance of naturally occurring airborne spores and microbiological examinations of space hardware using long-term slit samplers and rodac plate and swab-rinse methods of sampling environmental surfaces.
Favero, M. S.↗
The kinetics of reaction of the by-products of ablative materials at high temperatures and the rate of heat transfer between hot surfaces and reactive gases
Research has been conducted by means of laboratory experiments to enhance understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions taking place during ablative processes that accompany the reentry or manned space vehicles into planetary atmospheres. Fundamental mechanisms of those chemical reactions believed to be important in the thermal degradation of ablative plastic heat shield materials, and the gases evolved, are described.
Spokes, G. N.↗
Usefulness of the infrared heterodyne radiometer in remote sensing of atmospheric pollutants.
The application of narrow-band optical receivers to the problem of sensing atmospheric pollution is discussed. The emission/absorption lines of many major atmospheric pollutant molecules overlap the operating frequency bands of CO2 laser and CO laser heterodyne receivers. Several remote pollution sensing systems which are based upon utilization of these spectral overlaps are described, and an analysis of their potential is presented. The possibility of using other lasers (e.g.: the PbSnTe tunable diode laser) as local oscillators is also considered. Results of laboratory experiments with a CO2 laser heterodyne radiometer are presented.
Menzies, R. T.↗
Combustion of a premixed system in stagnation flow. I - Theoretical.
The theoretical steady-state and transient characteristics of a premixed combustible system in laminar axisymmetric stagnation flow are studied by way of numerical solution of the governing boundary-layer equations. Computations, which are based on the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide in humid air, invoke a minimum of simplifying assumptions. Steady-state results include prediction of (1) profiles of the state variables, (2) extinction of blow-off conditions, (3) ignition conditions, and (4) the heat flux to the stagnation point. Computer simulations of the unsteady state provide an indication of the stability of a given steady state to perturbations. Comparisons between some of the predictions of the mathematical model and the results of laboratory experiments will be reported in Part II.
Smith, H. W.↗
Quantifying parameters influencing the spacing of geostationary satellites.
Parameters affecting satellite spacing must be investigated to fully exploit the limited capacity of the geostationary orbit. The usefulness of laboratory experiments, analytic methods, and space environment experiments in quantifying these factors is discussed. It is concluded that space environment experiments are required to evaluate the effects of operationally related parameters including antenna gain patterns, polarization, and antenna instabilities. A unique method of measuring the time-variant effects of the earth station antenna characteristics on satellite spacing is described as a possible space environment experiment. The proposed experiment uses a single satellite to obtain the required data.
Henry, V. F.↗
Microcraters on lunar rocks.
Lunar microcraters may consist of a central, glass-lined pit, a halo of microfractured material surrounding the pit and a larger, generally concentric, spall area. A classification of microcraters is based on the presence or absence of a pit and a spall. The change from one crater type to another is gradational. Comparison with laboratory experiments indicates that a primary microcrater may be identified by the presence of melted host rock associated with the crater. Most microcraters are the result of the high-speed impact of primary, extralunar particles. Microcratering represents the small-scale end of a continuum of impact cratering as a process.
Hartung, J. B.↗
Detection of soil microorganism in situ by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Experimental tests were made to determine whether analysis of volatile metabolic products, formed in situ, is a viable procedure for an extraterrestrial life detection system. Laboratory experiments, carried out under anaerobic conditions with addition of carbon source, extended to include a variety of soils and additional substrates. In situ experiments were conducted without amendment using a vacuum sampling system.
Alexander, M.↗
Eutectic Experiment Development for Space Processing
A ground base test plan and a specimen evaluation scheme have been developed for the aluminum-copper eutectic solidification experiment to be run in the M518 multipurpose electric furnace during the Skylab mission. Besides thermal and solidification studies a detailed description is given of the quantitative metallographic technique which is appropriate for characterizing eutectic structures. This method should prove a key tool for evaluating specimen microstructure which is the most sensitive indicator of changes produced during solidification. It has been recommended that single grain pre-frozen eutectic specimens be used to simplify microstructural evaluation and to eliminate any porosity in the as-cast eutectic specimens. High purity (99.999%) materials from one supplier should be employed for all experiments. Laboratory studies indicate that porosity occurs in the MRC as-cast eutectic ingots but that this porosity can be eliminated by directional freezing. Chemical analysis shows that the MRC ingots are slightly Al rich and contain about .03% impurity. Because of the impurity content the lower cooldown rate (1.2 C/min) should be used for eutectic freezing if MRC material is used in the M518 furnace.
Hopkins, R. H.↗