Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “GeV”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Laser wakefield acceleration of electron beams beyond 1 GeV from an ablative capillary discharge waveguide

Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons well beyond 1 GeV and optical guiding of ultraintense laser pulses of peak powers up to 160 TW over a 4-cm long ablative capillary discharge plasma channel were experimentally demonstrated. Electron beams, with energies up to 1.8 GeV, were generated by using the 130 TW, 55 fs driving laser pulses. A comparison of oxygen-containing acrylic resin (C:O:H = 4:2:7) capillary and no oxygen-containing polyethylene (C:O:H = 1:0:2) capillary measurements suggests that the injection of electron into the laser wakefield is assisted by the ionization of oxygen K-shell electrons.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Reconstruction of GeV Neutrino Events in LENA

LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) is a proposed next generation liquid-scintillator detector with about 50 kt target mass. Besides the detection of solar neutrinos, geoneutrinos, supernova neutrinos and the search for the proton decay, LENA could also be used as the far detector of a next generation neutrino beam. The present contribution outlines the status of the Monte Carlo studies towards the reconstruction of GeV neutrinos in LENA. Both the tracking capabilities at a few hundred MeV, most interesting for a beta beam, and above 1 GeV for a superbeam experiment are presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Review of Activities using the Pulsed Neutron Facility and 2.5-GeV Electron Linac at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory

We report on activities using a pulsed neutron facility consisting of an electron linear accelerator, a water-cooled Ta target with a water moderator, and a 12 m time-of-flight path. It is possible to measure neutron total cross sections in the neutron energy range from 0.01 eV to a few hundred eV by using the neutron time-of-flight method; photo-neutron cross sections can also measure by using the bremsstrahlung from the electron linac. A {sup 6}LiZnS(Ag) glass scintillator was used as a neutron detector. The neutron flight path from the water-cooled Ta target to the neutron detector was 12.1 m. In this paper, we report total cross sections of Nb and also resonance parameters obtained using the SAMMY fitting program. The present results are compared with the previous experimental results and the evaluated data in ENDF/B-VII. We also report on the mass-yield distribution of fission products in the 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of {sup nat}Pb and {sup 209}Bi measured at the 2.5-GeV electron linac using a recoil catcher and an off-line {gamma}-ray spectrometric technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Numerical modeling of multi-GeV laser wakefield electron acceleration inside a dielectric capillary tube

Numerical modeling of laser wakefield electron acceleration inside a gas filled dielectric capillary tube is presented. Guiding of a short pulse laser inside a dielectric capillary tube over a long distance (∼1 m) and acceleration of an externally injected electron bunch to ultra-relativistic energies (∼5-10 GeV) are demonstrated in the quasi-linear regime of laser wakefield acceleration. Two dimensional axisymmetric simulations were performed with the code WAKE-EP (Extended Performances), which allows computationally efficient simulations of such long scale plasma. The code is an upgrade of the quasi-static particle code, WAKE [P. Mora and T. M. Antonsen, Jr., Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997)], to simulate the acceleration of an externally injected electron bunch (including beam loading effect) and propagation of the laser beam inside a dielectric capillary. The influence of the transverse electric field of the plasma wake on the radial loss of the accelerated electrons to the dielectric wall is investigated. The stable acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy with a non-resonant laser pulse with a large spot-size is demonstrated.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

GeV neutrinos from collisional heating in GRBs: Detection prospects with IceCube-DeepCore

The observed gamma-ray burst (GRB) emission may be due to jet reheating via nuclear collisions. The role of this collisional heating can be probed through the observation of 10–100 GeV neutrinos, which are generated in nuclear collisions along with gamma rays. Neutrino and gamma-ray luminosities are closely related, which further aids observations. If the main mechanism behind the production of GRBs is collisional heating then IceCube-DeepCore could detect the GeV-neutrino emission of GRBs with a few years of observation.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Results from Cu+Au collisions at 200 GeV in PHENIX Experiment

Collisions of asymmetric nuclei (Cu+Au) differ essentially from the case of symmetric nuclei (Cu+Cu, Au+Au) collisions in the geometry of overlap region. This leads to a number of consequences, which provide more absolute and accurate information about fundamental properties of matter under extreme conditions. Nuclear modification factors for π-mesons in Cu+Au interactions at 200 GeV were measured in PHENIX Experiment at RHIC. New experimental data on measurement of flows of different order (v{sub 1}, v{sub 2}) for light hadrons in Cu+Au interactions at 200 GeV will be discussed in this paper.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2013

GeV EMISSION DURING X-RAY FLARES FROM LATE INTERNAL SHOCKS: APPLICATION TO GRB 100728A

Recently, the GeV radiation during the X-ray flare activity in GRB 100728A was detected by Fermi/LAT. Here, we study the dynamics and emission properties of a collision between two homogeneous shells based on the late internal shock model. The GeV photons can be produced from X-ray flare photons being upscattered by relativistic electrons that are accelerated by forward-reverse shocks, where the involved radiative processes include synchrotron self-Compton and crossing inverse-Compton scattering. Using analytical and numerical calculations, the observed spectral properties in GRB 100728A can be well explained.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Prospects for GeV-TeV detection of short gamma-ray bursts with extended emission

We discuss the GeV to TeV photon emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within the refreshed shock and the continuous injection scenarios, motivated by the observation of extended emission in a substantial fraction of short GRBs. In the first model we assume that the central engine promptly emits material with a range of Lorentz factors. When the fastest shell starts to decelerate, it drives a forward shock into the ambient medium and a reverse shock into the ejecta. These shocks are reenergized by the slower and later arriving material. In the second model we assume that there is a continued ejection of material over an extended time, and the continuously arriving new material keeps reenergizing the shocks formed by the preceding shells of ejecta. We calculate the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton radiation components for the forward and reverse shocks and find that prospective and current GeV-TeV range instruments such as CTA, HAWC, VERITAS, MAGIC, and HESS have a good chance of detecting afterglows of short bursts with extended emission, assuming a reasonable response time.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

An inverse Compton origin for the 55 GeV photon in the late afterglow of GRB 130907A

The extended high-energy gamma-ray (>100 MeV) emission which occurs well after the prompt gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is usually explained as the afterglow synchrotron radiation. Here we report the analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of GRB 130907A. A 55 GeV photon compatible with the position of the burst was found about 5 hr after the prompt phase. The probability that this photon is associated with GRB 130907A is higher than 99.96%. The energy of this photon exceeds the maximum synchrotron photon energy at this time and its occurrence thus challenges the synchrotron mechanism as the origin for the extended high-energy >10 GeV emission. Modeling of the broadband spectral energy distribution suggests that such high energy photons can be produced by the synchrotron self-Compton emission of the afterglow.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Fermi 130 GeV gamma-ray excess and dark matter annihilation in sub-haloes and in the Galactic centre

We analyze publicly available Fermi-LAT high-energy gamma-ray data and confirm the existence of clear spectral feature peaked at E{sub γ} = 130 GeV. Scanning over the Galaxy we identify several disconnected regions where the observed excess originates from. Our best optimized fit is obtained for the central region of Galaxy with a clear peak at 130 GeV with local statistical significance 4.5σ. The observed excess is not correlated with Fermi bubbles. We compute the photon spectra induced by dark matter annihilations into two and four standard model particles, the latter via two light intermediate states, and fit the spectra with data. Since our fits indicate sharper and higher signal peak than in the previous works, data favors dark matter direct two-body annihilation channels into photons or other channels giving only line-like spectra. If Einasto halo profile correctly predicts the central cusp of Galaxy, dark matter annihilation cross-section to two photons is of order ten percent of the standard thermal freeze-out cross-section. The large dark matter two-body annihilation cross-section to photons may signal a new resonance that should be searched for at the CERN LHC experiments.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Lattice study of an electroweak phase transition at m{sub h} ≅ 126 GeV

We carry out lattice simulations of a cosmological electroweak phase transition for a Higgs mass m{sub h} ≅ 126 GeV. The analysis is based on a dimensionally reduced effective theory for an MSSM-like scenario including a relatively light coloured SU(2)-singlet scalar, referred to as a right-handed stop. The non-perturbative transition is stronger than in 2-loop perturbation theory, and may offer a window for electroweak baryogenesis. The main remaining uncertainties concern the physical value of the right-handed stop mass which according to our analysis could be as high as m{sub t-tilde{sub R}} ≅ 155 GeV; a more precise effective theory derivation and vacuum renormalization than available at present are needed for confirming this value.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

LOWER BOUNDS ON INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELDS FROM SIMULTANEOUSLY OBSERVED GeV-TeV LIGHT CURVES OF THE BLAZAR Mrk 501

We derive lower bounds on intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) from upper limits on the pair echo emission from the blazar Mrk 501, that is, delayed GeV emission from secondary e{sup -}e{sup +} pairs produced via interactions of primary TeV gamma rays with the cosmic infrared background. Utilizing only simultaneous GeV-TeV light curves observed by VERITAS, MAGIC, and the Fermi Large Area Telescope during a multiwavelength campaign in 2009 that included a TeV flare, bounds are deduced on the IGMF strength of B {approx}> 10{sup -20} G at the 90% confidence level for a field coherence length of 1 kpc. Since our analysis is based firmly on the observational data alone and is nearly free of assumptions concerning the primary TeV flux in unobserved periods or spectral bands, our evaluation of the pair echo flux is conservative and the evidence for a non-zero IGMF is more robust compared to previous studies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

GAMMA-RAY BLAZARS NEAR EQUIPARTITION AND THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV SPECTRAL BREAK IN 3C 454.3

Observations performed with the Fermi-LAT telescope have revealed the presence of a spectral break in the GeV spectrum of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and other low- and intermediate-synchrotron peaked blazars. We propose that this feature can be explained by Compton scattering of broad-line region photons by a non-thermal population of electrons described by a log-parabolic function. We consider in particular a scenario in which the energy densities of particles, magnetic field, and soft photons in the emitting region are close to equipartition. We show that this model can satisfactorily account for the overall spectral energy distribution of the FSRQ 3C 454.3, reproducing the GeV spectral cutoff due to Klein-Nishina effects and a curving electron distribution.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

RADIATION MECHANISM AND JET COMPOSITION OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND GeV-TeV-SELECTED RADIO-LOUD ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and GeV-TeV-selected radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are compared based on our systematic modeling of the observed spectral energy distributions of a sample of AGNs with a single-zone leptonic model. We show that the correlation between the jet power (P{sub jet}) and the prompt gamma-ray luminosity (L{sub jet}) of GRBs is consistent, within the uncertainties, with the correlation between jet power and the synchrotron peak luminosity (L{sub s,jet}) of flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Their radiation efficiencies ({epsilon}) are also comparable (>10% for most sources), which increase with the bolometric jet luminosity (L{sub bol,jet}) for FSRQs and with the L{sub jet} for GRBs with similar power-law indices. BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) do not follow the P{sub jet}-L{sub s,jet} relation of FSRQs. They have lower {epsilon} and L{sub bol,jet} values than FSRQs, and a tentative L{sub bol,jet}-{epsilon} relation is also found, with a power-law index different from that of the FSRQs. The magnetization parameters ({sigma}) of FSRQs are on average larger than that of BL Lacs. They are anti-correlated with {epsilon} for the FSRQs, but positively correlated with {epsilon} for the BL Lacs. GeV narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies potentially share similar properties with FSRQs. Based on the analogy between GRBs and FSRQs, we suggest that the prompt gamma-ray emission of GRBs is likely produced by the synchrotron process in a magnetized jet with high radiation efficiency, similar to FSRQs. The jets of BL Lacs, on the other hand, are less efficient and are likely more matter-dominated.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

GRB 131231A: IMPLICATIONS OF THE GeV EMISSION

GRB 131231A was detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Space Gamma-ray Telescope. The high-energy gamma-ray (>100 MeV) afterglow emission spectrum is F {sub ν}∝ν{sup –0.54} {sup ±} {sup 0.15} in the first ∼1300 s after the trigger and the most energetic photon has an energy of ∼62 GeV, arriving at t ∼ 520 s. With reasonable parameters of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) outflow as well as the density of the circum-burst medium, the synchrotron radiation of electrons or protons accelerated at an external forward shock have difficulty accounting for the data. Rather, the synchrotron self-Compton radiation of the forward shock-accelerated electrons can account for both the spectrum and temporal behavior of the GeV afterglow emission. We also show that the prospect for detecting GRB 131231A-like GRBs with the Cherenkov Telescope Array is promising.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

First Measurement of Λ c Baryon Production in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

Herein we report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ c ± production at midrapidity ( | y | < 1 ) in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The Λ c / D 0 [denoting ( Λ c + + Λ c - ) / ( D 0 + D ¯ 0 ) ] yield ratio is measured to be 1.08 ± 0.16 ( stat ) ± 0.26 ( sys ) in the 0%–20% most central Au + Au collisions for the transverse momentum ( p T ) range 3 < p T < 6 GeV / c . This is significantly larger than the pythia model calculations for p + p collisions. The measured Λ c / D 0 ratio, as a function of p T and collision centrality, is comparable to the baryon-to-meson ratios for light and strange hadrons in Au + Au collisions. Model calculations including coalescence hadronization for charmed baryon and meson formation reproduce the features of our measured Λ c / D 0 ratio.

13000 GeV-cms/nucleon↗
DOE OSTI2012

Design of the Trigger Interface and Distribution Board for CEBAF 12 GeV Upgrade

The design of the Trigger Interface and Distribution (TID) board for the 12 GeV Upgrade at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at TJNAL is described. The TID board distributes a low jitter system clock, synchronized trigger, and synchronized multi-purpose SYNC signal. The TID also initiates data acquisition for the crate. With the TID boards, a multi-crate system can be setup for experiment test and commissioning. The TID board can be selectively populated as a Trigger Interface (TI) board, or a Trigger Distribution (TD) board for the 12 GeV upgrade experiments. When the TID is populated as a TI, it can be located in the VXS crate and distribute the CLOCK/TRIGGER/SYNC through the VXS P0 connector; it can also be located in the standard VME64 crate, and distribute the CLOCK/TRIGGER/SYNC through the VME P2 connector or front panel. It initiates the data acquisition for the front crate where the TI is positioned in. When the TID is populated as a TD, it fans out the CLOCK/TRIGGER/SYNC from trigger supervisor to the front end crates through optical fibres. The TD monitors the trigger processing on the TIs, and gives feedback to the TS for trigger flow control. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) is utilised on TID board to provide programmability. The TID boards were intensively tested on the bench, and various setups.

CEBAF upgrade↗
DOE OSTI2015

Transverse momentum distributions of strange hadrons produced in p–p collisions at √s{sub NN} = 200 GeV

The mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra of strange hadrons (K{sup +},K{sup −},K{sup −}/K{sup +},Λ,Λ̄,Ξ{sup −},Ξ{sup +}, and Ω) produced in p–p collisions at the highest RHIC energy √s{sub NN} = 200 GeV have been studied using a statistical unified thermal freeze-out model. The calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data taken from STAR and BRAHMS experiments. The fits of the transverse momentum spectra to the model calculations provide the thermal freeze-out conditions in terms of the temperature and collective flow effect parameters for different particle species. The model incorporates a longitudinal and a transverse hydrodynamic flow. The rapidity distributions of kaons and their ratios are also reproduced successfully, which reveals the presence of partial nuclear transparency effects in p–p collisions at √s{sub NN} = 200 GeV. The contributions from heavier decay resonances are also taken into account.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗