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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Digital image analysis of Landsat data

The paper defines some basic processing functions than can be performed digitally, discusses a variety of computer peripherals including hard copy output devices and television terminals, compares the characteristics of stand-alone image analysis systems, and briefly describes the important features of image processing and geographic information systems software. Several examples are discussed to demonstrate the efficient use of computers through implementation of hard copy image recorders and television display terminals. The commercially available stand-alone image analysis systems include a computer, appropriate peripherals, and sufficient software to perform analysis without other computational support.

Alford, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Simplified and refined finite element approaches for determining stresses and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structural analysis

Two methods for determining stresses and internal forces in geometrically nonlinear structural analysis are presented. The simplified approach uses the mid-deformed structural position to evaluate strains when rigid body rotation is present. The important feature of this approach is that it can easily be used with a general-purpose finite-element computer program. The refined approach uses element intrinsic or corotational coordinates and a geometric transformation to determine element strains from joint displacements. Results are presented which demonstrate the capabilities of these potentially useful approaches for geometrically nonlinear structural analysis.

Robinson, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Chemistry of the thermosphere and ionosphere

In the present paper, some of the most important features of the Atmosphere Explorer program, involving studies of the chemistry of the ionosphere and thermosphere, are reviewed. Solar flux and cross sections are tabulated, along with the revised reference spectrum F47113 as compared with the preliminary R74113. The principal results examined include some unexpected variations in the EUV flux and in the response of the thermosphere, revealed by extreme ultraviolet spectrophotometers; discrepancies between the measured and calculated electron flux; recent developments in the detection of nocturnal mid- and low-latitude sources of ionization; and the application of AE satellite data to the study of ionospheric and thermospheric processes, rate coefficients, and atomic and molecular processes.

Torr, D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Passive wing/store flutter suppression

Passive flutter-suppression system has been developed to increase flutter speed of aircraft wings that are adversely affected by addition of large masses (stores) to the wings, such as external fuel tanks. Important features of system are its effectiveness for large variations in mass of store as well as unsensitivity of system to large change in location of store center-of-gravity.

Foughner, J. T., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

ICEX: Ice and Climate Experiment. Report of science and applications working group

The Ice and Climate Experiment (ICEX), a proposed program of coordinated investigations of the ice and snow masses of the Earth (the "cryosphere") is described. These investigations are to be carried out with the help of satellite, aircraft, and surface based observations. Measurements derived from the investigations will be applied to an understanding of the role of the cryosphere in the system that determines the Earth's climate, to a better prediction of the responses of the ice and snow to climatic change, to studies of the basic nature of ice forms and ice dynamics, and to the development of operational techniques for assisting such activities in the polar regions as transportation, exploitation of natural resources, and petroleum exploration and production. A high-inclination satellite system with a set of remote-sensing instruments specially tailored to the task of observing the important features of snow, sea ice, and the ice sheets of Greenland and the Antarctic is to be used to record the near-simultaneous observations of multiple geophysical parameters by complementary sensors.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Automation of the Mark 3 field system

The software and hardware components which will enable hands off operation are described. The operation of the field system begins with the scheduling of observations. An interactive program, SKED, provides displays of mutual visibility, automatic calculation of telescope slewing times, and the ability to list and edit the schedule. The output of SKED is a schedule file containing commands in the Standard Notation for Astronomy Procedures (SNAP) language which the field system uses for controlling events during the experiment. The most important features of SNAP include sophisticated time sequencing of events, automatic logging of all commands and responses, and the ability to define often used sequences of commands as procedures. A control program, BOSS, running in an HP 1000 minicomputer, reads the SNAP commands from a schedule file and interprets them in terms of commands and requests to devices. Interactive command input is possible through the operator's display terminal. Communication with all of the Mark 3 electronics modules is done via a small general purpose interface board (a microprocessor based ASCII transceiver) which has been installed in each module. Additional devices are controlled and monitored using the IEEE 488 General Purpose Interface Bus.

Vandenbere, N. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Satellite remote sensing facility for oceanograhic applications

The project organization, design process, and construction of a Remote Sensing Facility at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at LaJolla, California are described. The facility is capable of receiving, processing, and displaying oceanographic data received from satellites. Data are primarily imaging data representing the multispectral ocean emissions and reflectances, and are accumulated during 8 to 10 minute satellite passes over the California coast. The most important feature of the facility is the reception and processing of satellite data in real time, allowing investigators to direct ships to areas of interest for on-site verifications and experiments.

Evans, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Description of the warm core turbine facility recently installed at NASA Lewis Research Center

The two net facilities were installed and operated at their design, or rated conditions. The important feature of both of these facilities is that the ratio of turbine inlet temperature to coolant temperature encountered in high temperature engines can be duplicated at moderate turbine inlet temperature. The limits of the facilities with regard to maximum temperature, maximum pressure, maximum mass flow rate, turbine size, and dynamometer torque-speed characteristics are discussed.

Whitney, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A fast semi-implicit algorithm for problems of mixed type

Certain physical processes are modeled by partial differential equations which are parabolic over part of the domain and elliptic over the remainder. A family of semi-implicit algorithms which are well suited to initial-boundary value problems of this mixed type is discussed. One important feature of these algorithms is the use of an approximate inverse for the solution of the implicit linear system. A strong error analysis results in an estimate of the total error as a function of approximate inverse error e and time step h.

Frederickson, P. O.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The role of volatiles and lithology in the impact cratering process

A survey of published descriptions of 32 of the largest, least eroded terrestrial impact structures shows that the amount of melt at craters in crystalline rocks is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that at craters in sedimentary rocks. A model is proposed for the impact process, and it is examined whether the difference in melt abundance is due to differences in the amount of melt generated in various target materials or due to differences in the fate of the melt during late stages of the impact. The model accounts semiquantitatively for the effects of porosity and water and volatile content on the cratering process. Important features of the model are noted. Even if the recondensation of released volatiles is very efficient, the cumulative effect of repeated impacts on accreting planets would be to continually transfer volatiles toward the outer surface. By this process, volatiles might be enriched toward the outer layer of a growing planet.

Kieffer, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Aerodynamic aspects of shock containing jet plumes

Aerodynamic and acoustic measurements of shock-free and shock-containing plumes were acquired for several supersonic free-jet model nozzles. The purpose was to investigate important features of the broadband shock noise generation process. The aerodynamic measurements include the variation of shock cell spacing and strength as a function of nozzle pressure ratio, and longitudinal turbulent-mass-flux axial development as determined by a hot-film probe. In addition, correlations of the hot-film probe with a near-field microphone were obtained. These measurements provide useful information concerning the relation of peak shock noise frequency and level with variations in shock cell spacing and strength. In general, it is shown that a distinction must be made between plumes containing weak and strong imbedded shocks. Strong shocks diminish the level of emitted shock noise and influence the behavior of the jet mixing noise process. The probable location and spectral content for the shock-shear layer interaction mechanism is indicated by the correlations. Numerical inviscid plume comparisons with experimental data are also included.

Seiner, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Predicting major element mineral/melt equilibria - A statistical approach

Empirical equations have been developed for calculating the mole fractions of NaO0.5, MgO, AlO1.5, SiO2, KO0.5, CaO, TiO2, and FeO in a solid phase of initially unknown identity given only the composition of the coexisting silicate melt. The approach involves a linear multivariate regression analysis in which solid composition is expressed as a Taylor series expansion of the liquid compositions. An internally consistent precision of approximately 0.94 is obtained, that is, the nature of the liquidus phase in the input data set can be correctly predicted for approximately 94% of the entries. The composition of the liquidus phase may be calculated to better than 5 mol % absolute. An important feature of this 'generalized solid' model is its reversibility; that is, the dependent and independent variables in the linear multivariate regression may be inverted to permit prediction of the composition of a silicate liquid produced by equilibrium partial melting of a polymineralic source assemblage.

Hostetler, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Studies of the chemical basis of the origin of protein synthesis Initiation and direction of peptide growth

The data presented in this paper show that the ease of nonenzymatic activation of carboxylic acids by ATP at pH 5 varies directly with the pKa of the carboxyl group, and is consistent with the idea that it is the protonated form of the carboxyl group which participates in the activation reaction. Consequently, since most N-blocked amino acids have higher pKas than do their unblocked forms, they are activated more readily, and it has been demonstrated that this principle applies to peptides as well, which are activated more rapidly than single amino acids. It is proposed that this fact may be partly responsible for the origin of two important features still observed in contemporary protein synthesis: (1) initiation in prokaryotes is accomplished with an N-blocked amino acid, and (2) elongation in all living systems occurs at the carboxyl end of the growing peptide.

Mullins, D. W., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Jump phenomena

The paper considers jump phenomena composed of large amplitude responses of nonlinear systems caused by small amplitude disturbances. Physical problems where large jumps in the solution amplitude are important features of the response are described, including snap buckling of elastic shells, chemical reactions leading to combustion and explosion, and long-term climatic changes of the earth's atmosphere. A new method of rational functions was then developed which consists of representing the solutions of the jump problems as rational functions of the small disturbance parameter; this method can solve jump problems explicitly.

Reiss, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A model for the analysis of premixing-prevaporizing fuel-air mixing passages

A model for predicting the distribution of liquid fuel droplets and fuel vapor in premixing-prevaporizing fuel-air mixing passages has been developed. The analysis involves successive application of computer codes which calculate the two dimensional or axisymmetric air flow field; calculate the three dimensional fuel droplet trajectories and evaporation rates; and calculate the fuel vapor diffusing through a moving air stream. A description of the more important features of the model and the results of a design study on two premixing fuel-air passages are presented.

Anderson, O. L.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Description of the warm core turbine facility and the warm annular cascade facility recently installed at NASA Lewis Research Center

The two new facilities have been installed and operated at their design or rated conditions. The important feature of both of these facilities is that the ratio of turbine inlet temperature to coolant temperature encountered in high temperature engines can be duplicated at moderate turbine inlet temperature. Included in the discussion are the limits of the facilities with regard to maximum temperature, maximum pressure, maximum mass flow rate, turbine size, and dynamometer torque-speed characteristics.

Whitney, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Characteristics of reflected and diffuse ions upstream from the earth's bow shock

The distinction between two types of upstream ion populations is made on the basis of pronounced differences in their distribution functions. The reflected ions represent a fast beam with temperatures typically one-million to five-million K and speeds up to five times the solar wind speed. An important feature of the reflected ion distributions is their strong temperature anisotropy, with perpendicular temperature exceeding parallel temperature by a factor of two or three. In contrast, the diffuse ions occupy a much larger region of phase space, both in energy and angle; their distribution function generally has the form of a circular ridge in two dimensions and a spherical shell in three dimensions. Accordingly, their temperature is much larger (not less than about 10-million K) and their bulk speed is typically smaller than the solar wind speed.

Paschmann, G.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Propagating substorm injection fronts

It is argued that a series of two-satellite observations leads to a clarification of substorm plasma injection, in which boundary motion plays a major role. Emphasis is put on a type of event characterized by abrupt, dispersionless changes in electron intensity and a coincident perturbation that consists of both a field magnitude increase and a small rotation toward more dipolar orientation. Comparing plasma observations at two points, it is found that in active, preinjection conditions the two most important features of the plasma sheet are: (1) the low-energy convection boundary for near-zero energy particles, determined by the magnitude of the large-scale convection electric field; and (2) the precipitation-flow boundary layer between the hot plasma sheet and the atmospherically contaminated inner plasma sheet.

Moore, T. E.↗