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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Star products on graded manifolds and α′-corrections to Courant algebroids from string theory

Courant algebroids, originally used to study integrability conditions for Dirac structures, have turned out to be of central importance to study the effective supergravity limit of string theory. The search for a geometric description of T-duality leads to Double Field Theory (DFT), whose gauge algebra is governed by the C-bracket, a generalization of the Courant bracket in the sense that it reduces to the latter by solving a specific constraint. Recently, in DFT deformations of the C-bracket and O(d, d)-invariant bilinear form to first order in the closed string sigma model coupling, α′ were derived by analyzing the transformation properties of the Neveu-Schwarz B-field. By choosing a particular Poisson structure on the Drinfel’d double corresponding to the Courant algebroid structure of the generalized tangent bundle, we are able to interpret the C-bracket and bilinear form in terms of Poisson brackets. As a result, we reproduce the α′-deformations for a specific solution to the strong constraint of DFT as expansion of a graded version of the Moyal-Weyl star product.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Point-in-convex polygon and point-in-convex polyhedron algorithms with O(1) complexity using space subdivision

There are many space subdivision and space partitioning techniques used in many algorithms to speed up computations. They mostly rely on orthogonal space subdivision, resp. using hierarchical data structures, e.g. BSP trees, quadtrees, octrees, kd-trees, bounding volume hierarchies etc. However in some applications a non-orthogonal space subdivision can offer new ways for actual speed up. In the case of convex polygon in E{sup 2} a simple Point-in-Polygon test is of the O(N) complexity and the optimal algorithm is of O(log N) computational complexity. In the E{sup 3} case, the complexity is O(N) even for the convex polyhedron as no ordering is defined. New Point-in-Convex Polygon and Point-in-Convex Polyhedron algorithms are presented based on space subdivision in the preprocessing stage resulting to O(1) run-time complexity. The presented approach is simple to implement. Due to the principle of duality, dual problems, e.g. line-convex polygon, line clipping, can be solved in a similarly.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Double field theory inspired cosmology

Double field theory proposes a generalized spacetime action possessing manifest T-duality on the level of component fields. We calculate the cosmological solutions of double field theory with vanishing Kalb-Ramond field. It turns out that double field theory provides a more consistent way to construct cosmological solutions than the standard string cosmology. We construct solutions for vanishing and non-vanishing symmetry preserving dilaton potentials. The solutions assemble the pre- and post-big bang evolutions in one single line element. Our results show a smooth evolution from an anisotropic early stage to an isotropic phase without any special initial conditions in contrast to previous models. In addition, we demonstrate that the contraction of the dual space automatically leads to both an inflation phase and a decelerated expansion of the ordinary space during different evolution stages.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Constraints on a possible variation of the fine structure constant from galaxy cluster data

We propose a new method to probe a possible time evolution of the fine structure constant α from X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements of the gas mass fraction ( f {sub gas}) in galaxy clusters. Taking into account a direct relation between variations of α and violations of the distance-duality relation, we discuss constraints on α for a class of dilaton runaway models. Although not yet competitive with bounds from high- z quasar absorption systems, our constraints, considering a sample of 29 measurements of f {sub gas}, in the redshift interval 0.14 < z < 0.89, provide an independent estimate of α variation at low and intermediate redshifts. Furthermore, current and planned surveys will provide a larger amount of data and thus allow to improve the limits on α variation obtained in the present analysis.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Non-Abelian bosonization and modular transformation approach to superuniversality

Quantum Hall inter-plateau transitions are physical exemplars of quantum phase transitions. Near each of these transitions, the measured electrical conductivity scales with the same correlation length and dynamical critical exponents, i.e., the critical points are superuniversal. In apparent contradiction to these experiments, prior theoretical studies of quantum Hall phase transitions within the framework of Abelian Chern-Simons theory coupled to matter found correlation length exponents that depend on the value of the quantum critical Hall conductivity. Here, we use non-Abelian bosonization and modular transformations to theoretically study the phenomenon of superuniversality. Specifically, we introduce a new effective theory that has an emergent U(N) gauge symmetry with any N > 1 for a quantum phase transition between an integer quantum Hall state and an insulator. We then use modular transformations to generate from this theory effective descriptions for transitions between a large class of fractional quantum Hall states whose quasiparticle excitations have Abelian statistics. We find the correlation length and dynamical critical exponents are independent of the particular transition within a controlled 't Hooft large N expansion, i.e., superuniversal! Furthermore, we argue that this superuniversality could survive away from this controlled large N limit using recent duality conjectures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of R = σ L / σ T and the separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions in the nucleon-resonance region

Here we report on a detailed study of longitudinal strength in the nucleon resonance region, presenting new results from inclusive electron-proton cross sections measured at Jefferson Lab Hall C in the four-momentum transfer range 0.2 < Q 2 < 5.5 GeV 2 . The data have been used to accurately perform over 170 Rosenbluth-type longitudinal/transverse separations. The precision R = $\sigma_{L} /\sigma _{T}$ data are presented here, along with the first separate values of the inelastic structure functions F 1 and F L in this regime. The resonance longitudinal component is found to be significant. With the new data, quark-hadron duality is observed above Q 2 = 1 GeV 2 in the separated structure functions independently.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Classical double copy of nonsingular black holes

We apply the classical double copy procedure to a class of regular, non-singular black hole solutions. We give several examples, paying particular attention to a string-theory-corrected black hole solution emerging from T-duality. Non-perturbative stringy corrections introduce an ultraviolet (UV) zero-point length cutoff which results in non-singular black hole spacetimes. Apart from the UV regulator, the solution is equivalent to the Bardeen black hole spacetime. We extend this solution to include an asymptotic de Sitter background. All Yang-Mills field theory quantities associated with the double copy are well-behaved and finite for all values of parameters. Furthermore, we present a thorough analysis of the black hole horizon structure, additionally uncovering a simple yet new connection between horizons on the gravity side and electric fields on the gauge theory side of the double copy.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

UV massive resonance from IR double copy consistency

From the perspective of effective field theory (EFT), Wilson coefficients of the low energy theory are determined by integrating out modes of the full ultraviolet (UV) theory. The spectrum can be in principle resummed if one has access to all available infrared (IR) coefficients at low energies. In this work we show that there exists a general class of consistent massive resonance double-copy (CMRDC) models where UV massive residues are reconstructed through double-copy consistency conditions between the IR Wilson coefficients of the full EFT expansion. Through a color-dual bootstrap, we find surprisingly that double-copy consistency alone introduces the kinematic factors of CMRDC models that soften high energy behavior by exponentiating color-dual contacts. This bootstrap suggests that our massive resonance paradigm is an inevitable consequence of the duality between color and kinematics, thereby providing a path towards emergent UV structure directly from the IR. We then demonstrate how CMRDC models can capture a spectrum of massive modes compatible with general multiplicity, and use Padé extrapolation to solve the inverse problem of identifying massive UV resonance from a small number of IR Wilson coefficients. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Universal rapidity scaling of entanglement entropy inside hadrons from conformal invariance

When a hadron is probed at high energy, a nontrivial quantum entanglement entropy inside the hadron emerges due to the lack of complete information about the hadron wave function extracted from this measurement. In the high-energy limit, the hadron becomes a maximally entangled state, with a linear dependence of entanglement entropy on rapidity, as has been found in a recent analysis based on parton description. In this paper, we use an effective conformal field theoretic description of hadrons on the light cone to show that the linear dependence of the entanglement entropy on rapidity found in parton description is a general consequence of approximate conformal invariance and does not depend on the assumption of weak coupling. Our result also provides further evidence for a duality between the parton and string descriptions of hadrons. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

QCD Running Coupling in the Nonperturbative and Near-Perturbative Regimes

We use analytic continuation to extend the gauge-gravity duality nonperturbative description of the strong force coupling into the transition, near-perturbative, regime where perturbative effects become important. By excluding the unphysical region in coupling space from the flow of singularities in the complex plane, we derive a specific relation between the scales relevant at large and short distances; this relation is uniquely fixed by requiring maximal analyticity. The unified effective coupling model gives an accurate description of the data in the nonperturbative and the near-perturbative regions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Theory of fermion condensation as an analog of the liquid-drop theory of atomic nuclei

We discuss problems of theory of systems with a fermion condensate or, in different words, systems with flat bands pinned to the Fermi surface, employing the duality of the momentum distribution n(p) and the density distribution ρ(r). We propose that the Lifshitz topological phase transition associated with the formation of additional pockets of the Fermi surface is the precursor of fermion condensation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Quantum groups as generalized gauge symmetries in WZNW models. Part II. The quantized model

This is the second part of a paper dealing with the “internal” (gauge) symmetry of the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten (WZNW) model on a compact Lie group G. It contains a systematic exposition, for G = SU(n), of the canonical quantization based on the study of the classical model (performed in the first part) following the quantum group symmetric approach first advocated by L.D. Faddeev and collaborators. The internal symmetry of the quantized model is carried by the chiral WZNW zero modes satisfying quadratic exchange relations and an n-linear determinant condition. For generic values of the deformation parameter the Fock representation of the zero modes’ algebra gives rise to a model space of U{sub q}(sl(n)). The relevant root of unity case is studied in detail for n = 2 when a “restricted” (finite dimensional) quotient quantum group is shown to appear in a natural way. The module structure of the zero modes’ Fock space provides a specific duality with the solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation for the four point functions of primary fields suggesting the existence of an extended state space of logarithmic CFT type. Combining left and right zero modes (i.e., returning to the 2D model), the rational CFT structure shows up in a setting reminiscent to covariant quantization of gauge theories in which the restricted quantum group plays the role of a generalized gauge symmetry.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Algebraic Structures in Extended Geometry

Extended geometry is a unifying framework including exceptional field theory (XFT) and double field theory (DFT). It gives a geometric underpinning of the duality symmetries of M-theory. In this talk I give an overview of the surprisingly rich algebraic structures which naturally appear in the context of extended geometry. This includes Borcherds superalgebras, Cartan type superalgebras (tensor hierarchy algebras) and L{sub ∞} algebras. This is the written version of a talk based mainly on [1–6], presented at SQS 2017, Dubna, Aug. 2017.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Three-Forms, Supersymmetry and String Compactifications

We review a duality procedure that relates standard matter-coupled N=1 supergravity to dual formulations in which auxiliary fields are replaced by field-strengths of gauge three-forms. As examples, we consider the dualization of the rigid Polonyi model and of effective field theories associated with Type IIA string compactifications with fluxes in supergravity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Peak‐in‐Valley Metal Nano‐Architectures via E‐Beam‐Guided Metal Oxide Redox

Focused electron beams enable nanoscale material modification via localized etching or deposition. In liquid-phase electron-beam-mediated processing, radiolysis-driven redox reactions present an opportunity to control both etching and deposition simultaneously. Here, this duality using a water-ammonia solvent as a tunable redox mediator on copper surfaces is demonstrated. At lower ammonia concentrations, the oxidation process dominates, etching copper to sub-50-nm depths. The copper ions and ion-complexes released during this initial oxidation step are reduced by solvated electrons resulting in metal deposition into the etched sites, over longer e-beam exposures, producing characteristic peak-in-valley nanostructures. Conversely, at higher ammonia concentrations copper-ammine ion complexation and radiolytic oxidizing species scavenging by ammonia occur at higher rates, creating a reducing environment conducive to rapid beam-guided copper deposition. Reaction-transport simulations and experiments are performed to show the effects of ammonia-mediated radiolysis chemistry, describing the direct influence of solvent concentration on redox balance and the outcome of e-beam guided processing. By uniting both etching and deposition within a single framework, this work provides a versatile route for controlled surface nanostructuring.

copper nanostructures↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enhanced Laplace Pressures for Functional Surfaces: Wicking, Switchability, and Selectivity

Abstract Wetting functionalities of rough surfaces are largely determined by the Laplace pressure generated across liquid–gas interfaces formed within surface structures. Typically, rough wetting surfaces create negative Laplace pressures, enabling capillary wicking, while rough non‐wetting surfaces create positive Laplace pressures, exhibiting fluid repellency. Here, with microfabricated reentrant structures, it is shown that the same surface can exhibit either a negative or positive Laplace pressure, regardless of its intrinsic wettability. This material‐independent Laplace pressure duality enables or enhances a range of wetting functionalities including wicking, switchability, and selectivity. On the same surface, capillary rise, capillary dip, and the combination of the two which leads to further enhancement of the total sustainable capillary height and Laplace pressure, the driving force for wicking is demonstrated. Further, active switching of wetting states between the hemiwicking and the repellent Cassie state on reentrant structures is shown. Moreover, with a water‐hexane mixture system, selective wetting of reentrant structures are demonstrated, that is, water can be selectively wicked or repelled in the presence of hexane, and vice versa. These functionalities are achieved, which would typically require complex chemical coatings, solely using surface structures, thus largely expanding the design space for a wide range of thermofluidic applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗