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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 397 records · Page 22
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2000

Beta-adrenoceptor dysfunction after inhibition of NO synthesis

G(s) protein-coupled beta-adrenoceptors rapidly desensitize on exposure to agonists in reconstituted membrane preparations, whereas rapid tachyphylaxis to beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation does not readily occur in vivo. This study examined the possibility that endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors prevent the rapid desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in the vascular smooth muscle of resistance arteries in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. The fall in mean arterial blood pressure and in hindquarter vascular resistance produced by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 0.1 to 10 microg/kg IV) was slightly but significantly smaller in rats treated with the NO synthase inhibitor N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol/kg IV) than in saline-treated rats. The ISO-induced fall in mesenteric resistance was similar in L-NAME-treated and in saline-treated rats. The fall in hindquarter vascular resistance and in mesenteric resistance produced by ISO (8 x 10 microg/kg IV) was subject to tachyphylaxis on repeated injection in rats treated with L-NAME (100 micromol/kg IV) but not in rats treated with saline. Injections of L-S:-nitrosocysteine (1200 nmol/kg IV), a lipophobic S:-nitrosothiol, before each injection of ISO (10 microg/kg IV) prevented tachyphylaxis to ISO in L-NAME-treated rats. The vasodilator effects of ISO (0.1 to 10 microg/kg IV) in L-NAME-treated rats that received 8 injections of ISO (10 microg/kg IV) were markedly smaller than in L-NAME-treated rats that received 8 injections of saline. These results indicate that (1) the vasodilator actions of ISO in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats only minimally involve the release of endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors, (2) the effects of ISO are subject to development of tachyphylaxis in L-NAME-treated rats, and (3) tachyphylaxis to ISO is prevented by L-S:-nitrosocysteine. These findings suggest that endothelium-derived nitrosyl factors may prevent desensitization of beta-adrenoceptors in vivo.

NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology↗
DOE OSTI2011

Absolute mass of neutrinos and the first unique forbidden {beta} decay of {sup 187}Re

The planned rhenium {beta}-decay experiment, called the ''Microcalorimeter Arrays for a Rhenium Experiment'' (MARE), might probe the absolute mass scale of neutrinos with the same sensitivity as the Karlsruhe tritium neutrino mass (KATRIN) experiment, which will take commissioning data in 2011 and will proceed for 5 years. We present the energy distribution of emitted electrons for the first unique forbidden {beta} decay of {sup 187}Re. It is found that the p-wave emission of electron dominates over the s wave. By assuming mixing of three neutrinos, the Kurie function for the rhenium {beta} decay is derived. It is shown that the Kurie plot near the end point is within a good accuracy linear in the limit of massless neutrinos like the Kurie plot of the superallowed {beta} decay of {sup 3}H.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Sn doping on partially dealuminated Beta zeolite by solid state ion exchange for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural ( 5‐HMF ) production from glucose

Abstract BACKGROUND The conversion of glucose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) involves the isomerization of glucose to fructose catalyzed by Lewis acid and subsequent dehydration of fructose catalyzed by Brönsted acid. In this work, in order to obtain a high yield of 5‐HMF, a series of Sn‐Al‐Beta catalysts containing both Lewis and Brönsted acid sites were prepared by a convenient solid state ion exchange (SSIE) method using partially dealuminated Beta zeolite and tin(II) acetate. RESULTS The obtained bifunctional catalysts were investigated for one‐pot production of 5‐HMF from glucose in the ionic liquid (IL) [C 4 mim]Cl. Among various catalysts, Sn‐Al‐Beta‐ 4 ‐ 8 exhibited the best catalytic performance, giving a 5‐HMF yield of 54% under optimal reaction conditions (393 K, 2 h), along with a glucose conversion of 81%. The Sn‐Al‐Beta‐ 4‐8 catalyst and IL were regenerated by the extraction of 5‐HMF, and the reactivity was reserved after five runs of recycling. In addition to glucose, the Sn‐Al‐Beta‐ 4‐8 /[C 4 mim]Cl system was also proven to have the potential to effectively convert other carbohydrates into 5‐HMF. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the catalyst is convenient to prepare and has preferable efficiency and stability in the conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐HMF. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Zhang, Wei↗
DOE OSTI2016

A program to generate simulated radioxenon beta–gamma data for concentration verification and validation and training exercises

Abstract Several hundred simulated radioxenon beta-gamma data files were developed to assist in evaluating the performance and results from radioxenon concentration calculation analysis at the International Data Center (IDC) and other National Data Centers (NDC). PNNL developed a Beta-Gamma Simulator (BGSim) that incorporated GEANT-modeled data sets from radioxenon decay chains, as well as functionality to use nuclear detector-acquired data sets to create new beta-gamma spectra with varying amounts of background, 133Xe, 131mXe, 133mXe, 135Xe, and 222Rn and its decay products. The program has been implemented on a web-based applications platform and allows the user to create very specific data sets that incorporate most of the operational parameters for the current beta-gamma systems deployed in the International Monitoring System (IMS) and the On-site Inspection (OSI) equipment. After an initial beta-gamma simulations program was developed, additional uses began to be identified for the program output: training sets of two-dimensional spectra for data analysts at the IDC and other NDC, spectra for exercises such as the Integrated Field Exercise 2014 (IFE14) held in Jordan at the Dead Sea, and testing new analysis methods and algorithms

custom datasets↗
DOE OSTI2011

On the Use of the Beta Distribution in Probabilistic Resource Assessments

The triangular distribution is a popular choice when it comes to modeling bounded continuous random variables. Its wide acceptance derives mostly from its simple analytic properties and the ease with which modelers can specify its three parameters through the extremes and the mode. On the negative side, hardly any real process follows a triangular distribution, which from the outset puts at a disadvantage any model employing triangular distributions. At a time when numerical techniques such as the Monte Carlo method are displacing analytic approaches in stochastic resource assessments, easy specification remains the most attractive characteristic of the triangular distribution. The beta distribution is another continuous distribution defined within a finite interval offering wider flexibility in style of variation, thus allowing consideration of models in which the random variables closely follow the observed or expected styles of variation. Despite its more complex definition, generation of values following a beta distribution is as straightforward as generating values following a triangular distribution, leaving the selection of parameters as the main impediment to practically considering beta distributions. This contribution intends to promote the acceptance of the beta distribution by explaining its properties and offering several suggestions to facilitate the specification of its two shape parameters. In general, given the same distributional parameters, use of the beta distributions in stochastic modeling may yield significantly different results, yet better estimates, than the triangular distribution.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Correction to: The effect of beta blocker withdrawal on adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging

Regrettably the original version of the above article contained errors in Table 2 and wrong values in the text. The corrected table is presented here and the values which have been corrected now appear in bold text. Page 1223 abstract Global MBF showed an increase from 180.2 ± 59.9 to 193.6 ± 60.8 mL minute/100 g (P = .002) after beta blocker withdrawal. Page 1225 Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure during adenosine were nearly identical (P = .77 and P = .79) with and without beta blocker. Mean heart rate and mean RPP during adenosine significantly increased after beta blocker withdrawal by 15.2% ± 17% (P = .001) and 16.2% ± 23% (P = .004), respectively. Page 1226 The data are listed in Table 2, lower third. Global MBF showed a significant increase by 7.4% ± 10% (P = .002) after beta blocker withdrawal. The individual data are depicted in Figure 1. All but three patients had a lower global MBF without beta blocker than with. The segmental MBF values (Figure 2) demonstrated a strong correlation over the entire range of perfusion values. The average effect was a slight perfusion shift of about 1015 mL minute-1/100 g in the range of 100-300 mL minute-1/100 g. The mCR under adenosine declined by 8.1% ± 11% (P = .038) and the normalized RPP by 16.2% ± 21% (P = .004) after betablocker discontinuation. Table 2 Hemodynamic response under adenosine, perfusion, and left-ventricular function.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Angiotensin II modulates interleukin-1{beta}-induced inflammatory gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via interfering with ERK-NF-{kappa}B crosstalk

Highlights: {yields} We examine how angiotensin II modulates ERK-NF-{kappa}B crosstalk and gene expression. {yields} Angiotensin II suppresses IL-1{beta}-induced prolonged ERK and NF-{kappa}B activation. {yields} ERK-RSK1 signaling is required for IL-1{beta}-induced prolonged NF-{kappa}B activation. {yields} Angiotensin II modulates NF-{kappa}B responsive genes via regulating ERK-NF-{kappa}B crosstalk. {yields} ERK-NF-{kappa}B crosstalk is a novel mechanism regulating inflammatory gene expression. -- Abstract: Angiotensin II is implicated in cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with a role in increasing vascular inflammation. The present study investigated how angiotensin II modulates vascular inflammatory signaling and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. In cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), angiotensin II suppressed interleukin-1{beta}-induced prolonged phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)-1, and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-{kappa}B, leading to decreased iNOS but enhanced VCAM-1 expression, associated with an up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression. Knock-down of RSK1 selectively down regulated interleukin-1{beta}-induced iNOS expression without influencing VCAM-1 expression. In vivo experiments showed that interleukin-1{beta}, iNOS, and VCAM-1 expression were detectable in the aortic arches of both wild-type and apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE{sup -/-}) mice. VCAM-1 and iNOS expression were higher in ApoE{sup -/-} than in wild type mouse aortic arches. Angiotensin II infusion (3.2 mg/kg/day, for 6 days, via subcutaneous osmotic pump) in ApoE{sup -/-} mice enhanced endothelial and adventitial VCAM-1 and iNOS expression, but reduced medial smooth muscle iNOS expression associated with reduced phosphorylation of ERK and RSK-1. These results indicate that angiotensin II can differentially modulate inflammatory gene expression in aortic smooth muscle cells through influencing ERK-NF-{kappa}B crosstalk, which may contribute to angiotensin II-induced inflammatory disorders related to cardiovascular diseases.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta} are mediated by both TLR4 and Nod1 pathways in the cultured HAPI cells stimulated by LPS

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer LPS induces proinflammatory cytokine release in HAPI cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer JNK pathway is dependent on TLR4 signaling to release cytokines. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NF-{kappa}B pathway is dependent on Nod1 signaling to release cytokines. -- Abstract: A growing body of evidence recently suggests that glial cell activation plays an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. Microglia in the central nervous system express toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that is traditionally accepted as the primary receptor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS activates TLR4 signaling pathways to induce the production of proinflammatory molecules. In the present studies, we verified the LPS signaling pathways using cultured highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglial cells. We found that HAPI cells treated with LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4, phospho-JNK (pJNK) and phospho-NF-{kappa}B (pNF-{kappa}B), TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta}. Silencing TLR4 with siRNA reduced the expression of pJNK, TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta}, but not pNF-{kappa}B in the cells. Inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) decreased the expression of TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta}. Unexpectedly, we found that inhibition of Nod1 with ML130 significantly reduced the expression of pNF-{kappa}B. Inhibition of NF-{kappa}B also reduced the expression of TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta}. Nod1 ligand, DAP induced the upregulation of pNF-{kappa}B which was blocked by Nod1 inhibitor. These data indicate that LPS-induced pJNK is TLR4-dependent, and that pNF-{kappa}B is Nod1-dependent in HAPI cells treated with LPS. Either TLR4-JNK or Nod1-NF-{kappa}B pathways is involved in the expression of TNF{alpha} and IL-1{beta}.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

MicroRNA-320a suppresses human colon cancer cell proliferation by directly targeting {beta}-catenin

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer miR-320a is downregulated in human colorectal carcinoma. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Overexpression of miR-320a inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {beta}-Catenin is a direct target of miR-320a in colon cancer cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer miR-320a expression inversely correlates with mRNA expression of {beta}-catenin's target genes in human colon carcinoma. -- Abstract: Recent profile studies of microRNA (miRNA) expression have documented a deregulation of miRNA (miR-320a) in human colorectal carcinoma. However, its expression pattern and underlying mechanisms in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma has not been elucidated clearly. Here, we performed real-time PCR to examine the expression levels of miR-320a in colon cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. And then, we investigated its biological functions in colon cancer cells by a gain of functional strategy. Further more, by the combinational approaches of bioinformatics and experimental validation, we confirmed target associations of miR-320a in colorectal carcinoma. Our results showed that miR-320a was frequently downregulated in cancer cell lines and colon cancer tissues. And we demonstrated that miR-320a restoration inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and {beta}-catenin, a functionally oncogenic molecule was a direct target gene of miR-320a. Finally, the data of real-time PCR showed the reciprocal relationship between miR-320a and {beta}-catenin's downstream genes in colon cancer tissues. These findings indicate that miR-320a suppresses the growth of colon cancer cells by directly targeting {beta}-catenin, suggesting its application in prognosis prediction and cancer treatment.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Cooperation between two ClpB isoforms enhances the recovery of the recombinant {beta}-galactosidase from inclusion bodies

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An important role of synergistic cooperation between the two ClpB isoforms. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Both ClpB isoforms are associated with IBs of {beta}-galactosidase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer ClpB is a key chaperone in IB protein release. -- Abstract: Bacterial ClpB is a molecular chaperone that solubilizes and reactivates aggregated proteins in cooperation with the DnaK chaperone system. The mechanism of protein disaggregation mediated by ClpB is linked to translocation of substrates through the central channel within the ring-hexameric structure of ClpB. Two isoforms of ClpB are produced in vivo: the full-length ClpB95 and the truncated ClpB80 (ClpB{Delta}N), which does not contain the N-terminal domain. The functional specificity of the two ClpB isoforms and the biological role of the N-terminal domain are still not fully understood. Recently, it has been demonstrated that ClpB may achieve its full potential as an aggregate-reactivating chaperone through the functional interaction and synergistic cooperation of its two isoforms. It has been found that the most efficient resolubilization and reactivation of stress-aggregated proteins occurred in the presence of both ClpB95 and ClpB80. In this work, we asked if the two ClpB isoforms functionally cooperate in the solubilization and reactivation of proteins from insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs) in Escherichia coli cells. Using the model {beta}-galactosidase fusion protein (VP1LAC), we found that solubilization and reactivation of enzymes entrapped in IBs occurred more efficiently in the presence of ClpB95 with ClpB80 than with either ClpB95 or ClpB80 alone. The two isoforms of ClpB chaperone acting together enhanced the solubility and enzymatic activity of {beta}-galactosidase sequestered into IBs. Both ClpB isoforms were associated with IBs of {beta}-galactosidase, what demonstrates their affinity to this type of aggregates. These results demonstrate a synergistic cooperation between the two isoforms of ClpB chaperone. In addition, no significant recovery of the {beta}-galactosidase from IBs in {Delta}clpB mutant cells suggests that ClpB is a key chaperone in IB protein release.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

The anti-aging protein Klotho is induced by GABA therapy and exerts protective and stimulatory effects on pancreatic beta cells

Systemic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) therapy prevents or ameliorates type 1 diabetes (T1D), by suppressing autoimmune responses and stimulating pancreatic beta cells. In beta cells, it increases insulin secretion, prevents apoptosis, and induces regeneration. It is unclear how GABA mediates these effects. We hypothesized that Klotho is involved. It is a multi-functional protein expressed in the kidneys, brain, pancreatic beta cells, other tissues, and is cell-bound or soluble. Klotho knockout mice display accelerated aging, and in humans Klotho circulating levels decline with age, renal disease and diabetes. Here, we report that GABA markedly increased circulating levels of Klotho in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. GABA also increased Klotho in the islet of Langerhans of normal mice, as well as the islets and kidneys of STZ-treated mice. In vitro, GABA stimulated production and secretion of Klotho by human islet cells. Knockdown (KD) of Klotho with siRNA in INS-1E insulinoma cells abrogated the protective effects of GABA against STZ toxicity. Following KD, soluble Klotho reversed the effects of Klotho deficiency. In human islet cells soluble Klotho protected against cell death, and stimulated proliferation and insulin secretion. NF-κB activation triggers beta-cell apoptosis, and both GABA and Klotho suppress this pathway. We found Klotho KD augmented NF-κB p65 expression, and abrogated the ability of GABA to block NF-κB activation. This is the first report that GABAergic stimulation increases Klotho expression. Klotho protected and stimulated beta cells and lack of Klotho (KD) was reversed by soluble Klotho. These findings have important implications for the treatment of T1D. - Highlights: • GABA markedly increased Klotho levels in the serum, kidneys and pancreatic islets. • GABA stimulated production and secretion of Klotho by human islet cells in vitro. • Klotho stimulated proliferation and insulin secretion by human islets. • GABA and Klotho both suppressed NF-κB activation.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

CD36 mediates lipid accumulation in pancreatic beta cells under the duress of glucolipotoxic conditions: Novel roles of lysine deacetylases

The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is implicated in the intake of long-chain fatty acids and fat storage in various cell types including the pancreatic beta cell, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of metabolic stress and diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that CD36 undergoes post-translational modifications such as acetylation-deacetylation. However, putative roles of such modifications in its functional activation and onset of beta cell dysregulation under the duress of glucolipotoxicity (GLT) remain largely unknown. Using pharmacological approaches, we validated, herein, the hypothesis that acetylation-deacetylation signaling steps are involved in CD36-mediated lipid accumulation and downstream apoptotic signaling in pancreatic beta (INS-1832/13) cells under GLT. Exposure of these cells to GLT resulted in significant lipid accumulation without affecting the CD36 expression. Sulfo-n-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of CD36, significantly attenuated lipid accumulation under GLT conditions, thus implicating CD36 in this metabolic step. Furthermore, trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA), known inhibitors of lysine deacetylases, markedly suppressed GLT-associated lipid accumulation with no discernible effects on CD36 expression. Lastly, SSO or TSA prevented caspase 3 activation in INS-1832/13 cells exposed to GLT conditions. Based on these findings, we conclude that an acetylation-deacetylation signaling step might regulate CD36 functional activity and subsequent lipid accumulation and caspase 3 activation in pancreatic beta cells exposed to GLT conditions. Identification of specific lysine deacetylases that control CD36 function should provide novel clues for the prevention of beta-cell dysfunction under GLT.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Dose-Fractionation Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Deduced From Radiotherapy Outcomes of 5,969 Patients in Seven International Institutional Datasets: {alpha}/{beta} = 1.4 (0.9-2.2) Gy

Purpose: There are reports of a high sensitivity of prostate cancer to radiotherapy dose fractionation, and this has prompted several trials of hypofractionation schedules. It remains unclear whether hypofractionation will provide a significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of prostate cancer, and whether there are different fractionation sensitivities for different stages of disease. In order to address this, multiple primary datasets have been collected for analysis. Methods and Materials: Seven datasets were assembled from institutions worldwide. A total of 5969 patients were treated using external beams with or without androgen deprivation (AD). Standard fractionation (1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction) was used for 40% of the patients, and hypofractionation (2.5-6.7 Gy per fraction) for the remainder. The overall treatment time ranged from 1 to 8 weeks. Low-risk patients comprised 23% of the total, intermediate-risk 44%, and high-risk 33%. Direct analysis of the primary data for tumor control at 5 years was undertaken, using the Phoenix criterion of biochemical relapse-free survival, in order to calculate values in the linear-quadratic equation of k (natural log of the effective target cell number), {alpha} (dose-response slope using very low doses per fraction), and the ratio {alpha}/{beta} that characterizes dose-fractionation sensitivity. Results: There was no significant difference between the {alpha}/{beta} value for the three risk groups, and the value of {alpha}/{beta} for the pooled data was 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9-2.2) Gy. Androgen deprivation improved the bNED outcome index by about 5% for all risk groups, but did not affect the {alpha}/{beta} value. Conclusions: The overall {alpha}/{beta} value was consistently low, unaffected by AD deprivation, and lower than the appropriate values for late normal-tissue morbidity. Hence the fractionation sensitivity differential (tumor/normal tissue) favors the use of hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules for all risk groups, which is also very beneficial logistically in limited-resource settings.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Origin of periodic domain structure in Er{sup 3+}-doped beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystal lines patterned by laser irradiations in glasses

Er{sup 3+}-doped beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystal lines are patterned on the surface of Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}-MoO{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} glasses by continuous-wave Yb:YVO{sub 4} laser irradiations (wavelength: 1080 nm, power: 1.3 W, scanning speeds: 5 {mu}m/s), and the origin of the periodicity of self-organized domain structures with high and low refractive index regions in crystal lines is examined from polarized optical microscope (POM) observations, micro-Raman scattering spectrum, and photoluminescence spectrum measurements. It is found that the periodicity of domain structures changes largely depending on Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} content, i.e., the length of high (bright color in POM observations) and low (dark color) refractive index regions increases with increasing Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} content and homogeneous crystal lines with no periodic domain structures are patterned in Er{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}-MoO{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} glass with no Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Considering that the degree of ferroelasticities in beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystals decreases due to the incorporation of Er{sup 3+} ions, it is demonstrated that the origin of periodic domain structures in laser-patterned lines is due to spontaneous strains in ferroelastic beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystals. - Graphical abstract: This figure shows the polarized optical photographs (top view) for the lines patterned by laser irradiations with the power of P=1.3 W and the scanning speed of S=5 {mu}m/s in xEr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-(18.25-x)Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-3Sm{sub 2}O{sub 3}-63.75MoO{sub 3}-15B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (mol%) glasses. This figure indicates that the periodicity of domain structures in beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystal lines, i.e., the lengths of bright (high refractive index) and dark (low refractive index) color regions, changes depending on the amount of Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition. It is demonstrated that the origin of the periodicity of domain structures is due to spontaneous strains in ferroelastic beta'-(Sm,Gd){sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 3} crystals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

The crystal structure of Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O and its decomposition product, {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}

Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O, synthesised by hydrothermal methods at 220(2) deg. C, has been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O crystallises in space group Cmc2{sub 1} and is isostructural with Lu{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O. The crystal structure has been refined to R{sub 1}=0.0145 for 3412 reflections [F{sub o}>3{sigma}(F)], and 0.0150 for all 3472 reflections. The structure of Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O is a complex framework of YbO{sub 6} octahedra, YbO{sub 8} and YbO{sub 5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 3} polyhedra and SO{sub 4} tetrahedra. Thermal data shows that Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O decomposes between 120 and 190 deg. C to form {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}. The structure of a twinned crystal of {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} was solved and refined using an amplimode refinement in R3c with an R{sub 1}=0.0755 for 8944 reflections [F{sub o}>3{sigma}(F)], and 0.1483 for all 16,361 reflections. {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} has a unique structural topology based on a 3D network of pinwheels. - Graphical abstract: Octahedral-tetrahedral linkages found in Y{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} [and Er{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}] and ss-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}. Highlights: > The crystal structure and decomposition reactions of Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.3H{sub 2}O. > The crystal structure of a twinned crystal of {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}. > Comparison of the structures of {beta}-Yb{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3} and Y{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

{alpha}- to {beta}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10} reversible solid-state transition, thermochromic and optical studies in the p-phenylenediamine-based iodobismuthate(III) material

{alpha}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10}, which is a new material containing low-dimensional iodobismuthate anions, was synthesized and through its single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements, was proven to crystallize at room temperature in the centrosymmetric space group P2{sub 1}/c. It consists of a p-phenylenediammonium dication and a discrete (0-D) anion built up of edge-sharing bioctahedron. Due to the hydrogen bonds and the interatomic distances (Bi-I, I Midline-Horizontal-Ellipsis I and {pi}-{pi}) changes, {alpha}-phase was transformed into the corresponding centrosymmetric {beta}-phase, {beta}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10}, through a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation occurring upon cooling to -28/-26 Degree-Sign C. Below the transition temperature, {beta}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10} crystallizes in the monoclinic system, centrosymmetric space group P2{sub 1}/n. Besides, the optical transmission measurements on {alpha}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10} thin films have revealed two absorption bands at 2.47 and 3.01 eV. Finally, two room temperature photoluminescence emissions attributed to excitons radiative recombinations confined within the bioctahedra Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10}{sup 4-}, were observed in the red spectral range at 1.9 and 2.05 eV energy. - Graphical abstract: The structure of {alpha}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10} consists of p-phenylenediammonium dications and dimeric decaiododibismuthate tetraanions stacked in a chessboard fashion. The optical properties were investigated by optical absorption and photoluminescence measurements. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer {alpha}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10} is a new material containing low-dimensional iodobismuthate anions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Below -35 Degree-Sign C {alpha}-phase undergoes a phase transformation leading to {beta}-phase, {beta}-[C{sub 6}H{sub 4}(NH{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}Bi{sub 2}I{sub 10}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Optical transmission measurements on thin films revealed two absorption bands at 2.47 and 3.01 eV. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Photoluminescence measurements showed two luminescence bands at 1.9 and 2.05 eV.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Ternary europium mesoporous polymeric hybrid materials Eu({beta}-diketonate){sub 3}pvpd-SBA-15(16): host-guest construction, characterization and photoluminescence

Novel organic-inorganic mesoporous luminescent polymeric hybrid materials containing europium(III) complexes incorporated to mesoporous silica SBA-15/SBA-16 have been prepared by simple physical doping (impregnation) methods, followed by the addition polymerization reaction of the monomer 4-vinylpyridine (vpd) extending along the mesoporous channels. The precursor europium(III) complexes are synthesized by {beta}-diketonate ({beta}-diketonate=2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (tta), hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac), trifluoroacetylacetonate (taa)) and monomer 4-vinylpyridine (vpd) coordinated to Eu{sup 3+}, and SBA-15/SBA-16 are obtained via a sol-gel process. After the physical doping and the polymerization reaction, the final ternary materials Eu({beta}-diketonate){sub 3}pvpd-SBA-15/Eu({beta}-diketonate){sub 3}pvpd-SBA-16 ({beta}-diketonate=tta, hfac, taa) are received. The physical properties and espeically the photoluminescence of these hybrids are characterized, and the XRD and BET results reveal that all of these hybrid materials have uniformity in the mesostructure. The detailed luminescence investigation on all the materials show that Eu(tta){sub 3}pvpd-SBA-16 have the highest luminescence intensity and the materials with taa ligands have longer lifetimes. - Grapical abstract: Luminescent mesoporous polymeric hybrid materials containing europium complexes hydrogen bonding to silica SBA-15/SBA-16 followed by the addition polymerization reaction of 4-vinylpyridine (vpd) extending along the mesoporous channels. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Functional mesoporous with simple impregnation method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New lanthanide mesoporous hybrids with polymer ligands. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Luminescence in visible region.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

High efficiency beta-decay spectroscopy using a planar germanium double-sided strip detector

Beta-decay spectroscopy experiments are limited by the detection efficiency of ions and electrons in the experimental setup. While there is a variety of different experimental setups in use for beta-decay spectroscopy, one popular choice is silicon double-sided strip detectors (DSSD). The higher Z of Ge and greater availability of thicker detectors as compared to Si potentially offer dramatic increases in the detection efficiency for beta-decay electrons. In this work, a planar GeDSSD has been commissioned for use in beta-decay spectroscopy experiments at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). The implantation response of the detector and its beta-decay detection efficiency is discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗