SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “BC”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1983

DE 102 - A numerically integrated ephemeris of the moon and planets spanning forty-four centuries

It is pointed out that the 1960's were the turning point for the generation of lunar and planetary ephemerides. All previous measurements of the positions of solar system bodies were optical angular measurements. New technological improvements leading to immense changes in observational accuracy are related to developments concerning radar, Viking landers on Mars, and laser ranges to lunar corner cube retroreflectors. Suitable numerical integration techniques and more comprehensive physical models were developed to match the accuracy of the modern data types. The present investigation is concerned with the first integrated ephemeris, DE 102, which covers the entire span of the historical astronomical observations of usable accuracy which are known. The fit is made to modern data. The integration spans the time period from 1411 BC to 3002 AD.

Newhall, X. X.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Theoretical modeling of the vapor cavitation in dynamically loaded journal bearings

A theoretical investigation is made of the evolution of a vapor-bubble for a submerged journal bearing under dynamically loaded conditions using the Elrod algorithm. This method conserves mass throughout the computational domain. A comparison study is performed to determine some of the consequences of applying a nonconservative theory (pseudo-Gumbel BC) to a dynamic problem. A complete dynamic cycle of a journal whirling in a circular path is chosen for the basis of comparison. Significant differences are observed in the load components near the end of the cycle. Further, good agreement with experiment is found for stationary and nonstationary cavitation.

Brewe, D. E.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Halley's Comet in history

Observations of Halley's Comet from Chinese observatories in 240 BC until the present are described.

Yoemans, D. K.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Theoretical modeling of the vapor cavitation in dynamically loaded journal bearings

Brewe, D. E.↗

NASA NTRS1986

The history of Comet Halley

Historical records of Comet Halley apparitions, starting from the 240 BC apparition observed by the Chinese, are presented, complete with ephemerides for each known apparition. The right ascension and declination are given for each ephemeris date. Consideration is given to the theories used to predict future perihelion passage times and to the methods for identifying early Comet Halley apparitions. In addition, observations related to the physical properties and chemical constituents of Comet Halley are described, with particular emphasis on the data of the 1910 apparition.

Yeomans, D. K.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Thermal waves or beam heating in the 1980, November 5 flare

Observations of the temporal evolution of loop BC in soft X rays in the November 5, 1980 flare are reviewed. Calculations are performed to model this evolution. The most consistent interpretation involving a minimum account of energy is the following. Thermal heating near B gives rise to a conduction front which moves out along the loop uninhibited for about 27 s. Beam heating near C gives rise to a second conduction front which moves in the opposite direction and prevents any energy reaching C by thermal conduction from B. Thus both thermal waves and beam heating are required to explain the observed evolution.

Smith, Dean F.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Effect of STS space suit on astronaut dominant upper limb EVA work performance

The STS Space Suited and unsuited dominant upper limb performance was evaluated in order to quantify future EVA astronaut skeletal muscle upper limb performance expectations. Testing was performed with subjects standing in EVA STS foot restraints. Data was collected with a CYBEX Dynamometer enclosed in a waterproof container. Control data was taken in one g. During one g testing, weight of the Space Suit was relieved from the subject via an overhead crane with a special connection to the PLSS of the suit. Experimental data was acquired during simulated zero g, accomplished by neutral buoyancy in the Weightless Environment Training Facility. Unsuited subjects became neutrally buoyant via SCUBA BC vests. Actual zero g experimental data was collected during parabolic arc flights on board NASA's modified KC-135 aircraft. During all test conditions, subjects performed five EVA work tasks requiring dominant upper limb performance and ten individual joint articulation movements. Dynamometer velocities for each tested movement were 0 deg/sec, 30 or 60 deg/sec and 120 or 180 deg/sec, depending on the test, with three repetitions per test. Performance was measured in foot pounds of torque.

Greenisen, Michael C.↗

NASA NTRS1986

The relative contribution of beam versus thermally produced X-rays in the large loop of the 5 November 1980 flare

Observations of the temporal evolution of loop BC in soft X-rays in the November 5, 1980 flare are reviewed. Calculations are performed to model this evolution. The most consistent interpretation involving a minimum amount of energy is the following: thermal heating near B gives rise to a conduction front which moves out along the loop uninhibited for about 27 s, and beam heating near C gives rise to a second conduction front which moves in the opposite direction and prevents any energy reaching C by thermal conduction from B.

Smith, D. F.↗

NASA NTRS1987

Measurement and analysis of the far infrared absorption spectrum of the gaseous mixture H2-CH4

The collision-induced absorption of H2-CH4 mixtures was measured from 20 to 900/cm at 195 and 297 K. By subtracting the absorption due to H2-H2 and CH4-CH4 collisions from that of the mixture, the absorption due to H2-CH4 collisions was obtained. This spectrum was analyzed using the BC model line shape to provide a way of estimating the far-IR spectrum of H2-CH4 for various concentrations of H2 and CH4. Theoretical spectral moments were computed with different potential functions and compared with experimental values.

Birnbaum, George↗

NASA NTRS1990

Simple model for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions

A simple geometric model is presented to account for lambda-doublet propensities in bimolecular reactions A + BC - AB + C. It applies to reactions in which AB is formed in a pi state, and in which the unpaired molecular orbital responsible for lambda-doubling arises from breaking the B-C bond. The lambda-doublet population ratio is predicted to be 2:1 provided that: (1) the motion of A in the transition state determines the plane of rotation of AB; (2) the unpaired pi orbital lying initially along the B-C bond may be resolved into a projection onto the AB plane of rotation and a projection perpendicular to this plane; (3) there is no preferred geometry for dissociation of ABC. The 2:1 lambda-doublet ratio is the 'unconstrained dynamics prior' lambda-doublet distribution for such reactions.

Bronikowski, Michael J.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Overview of arraying techniques in the deep space network

Four different arraying schemes that can be used by the Deep Space Network are functionally discussed and compared. These include symbol stream combining (SSC), baseband combining (BC), carrier arraying (CA), and full spectrum combining (FSC). In addition, sibeband aiding (SA) is also included and compared even though it is not an arraying scheme, since it uses a single antenna. Moreover, combinations of these schemes are discussed, such as carrier arraying with sideband aiding and baseband combining (CA/SA/BC) or carrier arraying with symbol stream combining (CA/SSC). Complexity versus performance is traded off and the benefits to the reception of existing spacecraft signals are discussed. Recommendations are made as to the best techniques for particular configurations.

Mileant, A.↗

NASA NTRS1991

A proposed time transfer experiment between the USA and the South Pacific

This paper describes the concept, architecture and preliminary details of an experiment directc<l towards providing continuous Ultra High Precision (UHP) time transfer between Washington, DC; Salisbury, SA Australia; Orroral Valley, ACT Australia; arid Lower Hutt, New Zealand. It further describes a proposed method of distributing UTC(USNO) at a high level of precision to passive users over a broad area of the South Pacific. The concept is based on active two-way satellite time transfer from the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) to the proposed USNO Master Clock West (MCW) in Wahiwa, HI USA at the 1 nanosecond level using active satellite two-way time transfer augmented by Precise Positioning Service (PPS) of the Global Positioning System (GPS). MCW would act as an intermediate transfer/reference station, again linked to Salisbury at the 1 nanosecond level using active satellite two-way time transfer augmented by PPS GPS. From this point, time would bc distributed within the region by two methods. The first is an existing TV line sync system using an Australian communications satellite (AUSSAT K1) which is useful to the 20 nanosecond level. The second approach is RF ranging and multilateration between Salisbury, Orroral Observatory, Lower Hutt and the AUSSAT B1 and B2 to be launched in 1992. Orroral Observatory will provide precise laser ranging to the AUSSAT B1/B2 retro reflectors which will reduce ephemeris related time transfer errors to below 1 nanosecond. The corrected position will be transmitted by both the time transfer modem and the existing TV line sync dissemination process. Multilateration has the advantage of being an all weather approach and when used with the laser ranging technique will provide a precise measurement of the propagation path delays. This will result in time transfer performance levels on the order of 10 nanoseconds to passive users in both Australia and New Zealand.

John Luck↗

NASA NTRS1992

A re-investigation of the 'double dawn' event recorded in the Bamboo Annals

An allusion to a 'double dawn' phenomenon in an ancient Chinese chronicle, which has been identified as caused by a sunrise eclipse occurring in 899 BC, is discussed. This event has been regarded as of considerable importance in the investigation of earth's past rotation. It is shown that an eclipse interpretation is implausible, not least because the eclipse in question was only annular.

Stephenson, F. R.↗

NASA NTRS1992

Research in computational fluid dynamics and analysis of algorithms

Recently, higher-order compact schemes have seen increasing use in the DNS (Direct Numerical Simulations) of the Navier-Stokes equations. Although they do not have the spatial resolution of spectral methods, they offer significant increases in accuracy over conventional second order methods. They can be used on any smooth grid, and do not have an overly restrictive CFL dependence as compared with the O(N(exp -2)) CFL dependence observed in Chebyshev spectral methods on finite domains. In addition, they are generally more robust and less costly than spectral methods. The issue of the relative cost of higher-order schemes (accuracy weighted against physical and numerical cost) is a far more complex issue, depending ultimately on what features of the solution are sought and how accurately they must be resolved. In any event, the further development of the underlying stability theory of these schemes is important. The approach of devising suitable boundary clusters and then testing them with various stability techniques (such as finding the norm) is entirely the wrong approach when dealing with high-order methods. Very seldom are high-order boundary closures stable, making them difficult to isolate. An alternative approach is to begin with a norm which satisfies all the stability criteria for the hyperbolic system, and look for the boundary closure forms which will match the norm exactly. This method was used recently by Strand to isolate stable boundary closure schemes for the explicit central fourth- and sixth-order schemes. The norm used was an energy norm mimicking the norm for the differential equations. Further research should be devoted to BC for high order schemes in order to make sure that the results obtained are reliable. The compact fourth order and sixth order finite difference scheme had been incorporated into a code to simulate flow past circular cylinders. This code will serve as a verification of the full spectral codes. A detailed stability analysis by Carpenter (from the fluid Mechanics Division) and Gottlieb gave analytic conditions for stability as well as asymptotic stability. This had been incorporated in the code in form of stable boundary conditions. Effects of the cylinder rotations had been studied. The results differ from the known theoretical results. We are in the middle of analyzing the results. A detailed analysis of the effects of the heating of the cylinder on the shedding frequency had been studied using the above schemes. It has been found that the shedding frequency decreases when the wire was heated. Experimental work is being carried out to affirm this result.

Gottlieb, David↗

NASA NTRS1993

A relationship between potential vorticity and zonal wind on Jupiter

We present evidence from analysis of Voyager data and numerical experiments that in Jupiter's troposphere at midlatitudes the potential vorticity is given simply by the reciprocal of the streamfunction. This relationship agrees with the results of a vortex-tube stretching analysis of the Voyager wind-field data of the Great Red Spot and White Oval BC, whereas other published models do not. The derivative of streamfunction with respect to potential vorticity is negative definite, and in the quasigeostrophic limit the relationship is neutrally stable with respect to Arnold's second stability theorem. Numerical experiments indicate that the relationship is also neutrally stable in the primitive shallow-water system. This resolves a long-standing question as to how Jupiter's cloud-top winds are able to violate the Rayleigh-Kuo stability criterion, and constrains the two-layer model to a single free parameter.

Dowling, Timothy E.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Collision-induced absorption in mixtures of symmetrical linear and tetrahedral molecules - Methane-nitrogen

The far infrared absorption of a CH4-N2 mixture was measured at 297, 195, and 162 K from 30 to 650/cm. The spectral invariants gamma1 and alpha1, proportional, respectively, to the zeroth and first spectral moments, due to bimolecular collisions between CH4 and N2 were obtained from these data and compared with theoretical values. The theory for collision-induced dipoles between a tetrahedral and a diatomic or symmetrical linear molecule includes contributions not previously considered. Whereas the theoretical values of gamma1 are only somewhat greater than experiment at all temperatures, the theoretical values of alpha1 are significantly lower than the experimental values. From the theoretical spectral moments for the various induced dipole components, the parameters of the BC shape were computed, and theoretical spectra were constructed. Good agreement was obtained at the lower frequencies, but with increasing frequencies the theoretical spectra were increasingly less intense than the experimental spectra. Although the accuracy of the theoretical results may suffer from the lack of a reliable potential function, it does not appear that this high frequency discrepancy can be removed by any conceivable modification in the potential.

Birnbaum, G.↗

NASA NTRS1993

C2, CN and dust in Comet Wilson (1987VII)

Column density profiles in C2 and CN as well as in blue and red continuum (BC and RC) were constructed from two dimensional images of the coma of Comet Wilson (1987VII). The authors' analysis showed that the continuum profiles decrease with the nuclear distance rho as 1/rho. From the C2 and CN profiles the authors determined the parent and the daughter lifetimes as well as the production rates in terms of the vectorial model.

Schulz, R.↗

NASA NTRS1992

A distributed clients/distributed servers model for STARCAT

STARCAT, the Space Telescope ARchive and CATalogue user interface has been along for a number of years already. During this time it has been enhanced and augmented in a number of different fields. This time, we would like to dwell on a new capability allowing geographically distributed user interfaces to connect to geographically distributed data servers. This new concept permits users anywhere on the internet running STARCAT on their local hardware to access e.g., whichever of the 3 existing HST archive sites is available, or get information on the CFHT archive through a transparent connection to the CADC in BC or to get the La Silla weather by connecting to the ESO database in Munich during the same session. Similarly PreView (or quick look) images and spectra will also flow directly to the user from wherever it is available. Moving towards an 'X'-based STARCAT is another goal being pursued: a graphic/image server and a help/doc server are currently being added to it. They should further enhance the user independence and access transparency.

Pirenne, B.↗