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DOE OSTI2024

The eXtended virtual element method for elliptic problems with weakly singular solutions

This paper introduces a novel eXtended virtual element method, an extension of the conforming virtual element method. The X-VEM is formulated by incorporating appropriate enrichment functions in the local spaces. The method is designed to handle highly generic enrichment functions, including singularities arising from fractured domains. By achieving consistency on the enrichment space, the method is proven to achieve arbitrary approximation orders even in the presence of singular solutions. The paper includes a complete convergence analysis under general assumptions on mesh regularity, and numerical experiments validating the method’s accuracy on various mesh families, demonstrating optimal convergence rates in the L 2 - and H 1 - norms on fractured or L-shaped domains.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2024

Virtual Environment Platform for OT/IT Training Enhancement

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES OT/IT Concepts Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT) concepts can often be difficult to visualize Teaching Methods Traditional teaching methods lack the intuitive & immersive aspects of hands-on activities Caveat: Unless taught by Team B! Physical Limitations Digital Twins require existing systems/hardware to mirror UPDATED TECHNIQUES Virtual Environment By making use of a virtual environment, we can represent abstract concepts in a more approachable and digestible way Increased Engagement Students are more engaged with the activities and are more likely to retain the information they are given. New/Emerging Technologies As the system is currently growing and developing, the technologies in use, as well as those represented by the system, stay up-to-date.

Deroller, Nicholas F.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Demonstration and Validation of a Virtual Energy Audit Tool for DoD Buildings

Electricity consumption has been in the spotlight as part of the battle for sustainability resulting in legislative measures to try and reduce the amount of energy used. EISA 432 and the Energy Act of 2020 are two examples that require federal facilities to investigate buildings and find saving opportunities through energy audits. EDIFES solves this problem by providing fully virtual audits. Only five inputs are needed (15-minute interval electricity consumption, location, square footage, number of stories, and building end use) to produce complete energy audits. The virtual audit is automated, making them inexpensive and the small number of inputs allows a large number of buildings to be entered quickly. During this project, EDIFES performed energy audits on hundreds of buildings to ensure proper functionality and workflow. Over 250 DoD buildings received energy audits that then had their results posted to an interactive dashboard with portfolio rankings. Several validation methods were employed. All confirmed that EDIFES's methods worked as expected and with a high degree of accuracy.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2023

Regulators’ Financial Toolbox: Virtual Power Plants Summary

On June 21, 2023, NARUC’s Center for Partnerships & Innovation (CPI) and the NASEO-NARUC GridInteractive Efficient Buildings (GEB) Working Group co-hosted a Regulators’ Financial Toolbox Webinar on the topic of virtual power plants (VPPs). The webinar featured opening remarks from moderator Commissioner Cecile Fraser of the Public Utilities Commission of Massachusetts and presentations from Ryan Hledik, Principal, The Brattle Group; Brenda Chew, Director of Product Management, Virtual Peaker; and Franco Albi, Director of Regional Integration, Portland General Electric.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2026

Virtual Inspection of Advanced Manufacturing via Process-Scale Digital Twins (Abbreviated Report)

Inspection and certification comprise the most significant bottlenecks in advanced manufacturing for NNSA applications, often requiring far more time and resources than the fabrication of the parts themselves. Traditional methods, such as manual review and X-ray computed tomography, are not only slow and costly, but also struggle to provide a clear connection between manufacturing instructions and the final performance of critical components. This gap limits both the agility and assurance needed to support the modernization and safety of the United States nuclear stockpile. In response, our Strategic Initiative established a digital twin framework that integrates realtime process monitoring, automated data analysis, and immersive virtual reality collaboration into a unified inspection pipeline. By leveraging data from sensors, machine instructions, and imaging, we created high-fidelity virtual models of manufactured parts that could be rapidly analyzed and certified. This approach was first demonstrated with Direct Ink Write, and then extended to other manufacturing settings, including conventional (or “subtractive”) manufacturing and to predict the end of life performance of parts per the aging and lifetimes programs. The result is a transformational capability: inspection times have been reduced by a factor of 120,000 without loss of accuracy and while simultaneously improving traceability and confidence in part quality. This framework not only streamlines certification for critical applications, but also positions the national security enterprise to respond more flexibly to emerging challenges, supporting agile manufacturing and digital engineering practices across a broad range of mission-relevant domains.

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2017

Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Opportunities At Jefferson Laboratory

Jefferson Laboratory with the current 12 GeV upgrade and a major program focused on the Generalized Parton Distributions has the opportunity to explore the Doubly Virtual Compton Scattering (DDVCS) process which would allow to probe GPDs surface for skewness di erent from the generalized bjorken variable. Such an experiment requires high luminosity because of a cross section about 100 times smaller than regular Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering. Two letter of intent were submitted to the PAC to carry out this kind of measurement. One in a modified CLAS12 setup in Hall B with a luminosity of 10^37 cm^-2.s^?1. and another one using the Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) is a solenoidal detector equipped with Gas Elec- tron Multiplier trackers, calorimetry and Cerenkov detectors design to run with luminosity as high as a couple of 10^38 cm^-2.s^?1.

Camsonne, Alexandre↗

DOE OSTI2019

A Catalog of Wide Binary and Multiple Systems of Bright Stars from Gaia-DR2 and the Virtual Observatory

Binary and multiple stars have long provided an effective empirical method of testing stellar formation and evolution theories. In particular, the existence of wide binary systems (separations >20,000 au) is particularly challenging to binary formation models as their physical separations are beyond the typical size of a collapsing cloud core (~5000–10,000 au). We mined the recently published Gaia-DR2 catalog to identify bright comoving systems in the five-dimensional space (sky position, parallax, and proper motion). We identified 3741 comoving binary and multiple stellar candidate systems, out of which 575 have compatible radial velocities for all the members of the system. The candidate systems have separations between ~400 and 500,000 au. We used the analysis tools of the Virtual Observatory to characterize the comoving system members and to assess their reliability. The comparison with previous comoving systems catalogs obtained from TGAS showed that these catalogs contain a large number of false systems. In addition, we were not able to confirm the ultra-wide binary population presented in these catalogs. The robustness of our methodology is demonstrated by the identification of well known comoving star clusters and by the low contamination rate for comoving binary systems with projected physical separations <50,000 au. These last constitute a reliable sample for further studies. The catalog is available online at the Spanish Virtual Observatory portal (http://svo2.cab.inta-csic.es/vocats/v2/comovingGaiaDR2/).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2017

Assessment of virtual towers performed with scanning wind lidars and Ka-band radars during the XPIA experiment

During the eXperimental Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment (XPIA) campaign, which was carried out at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in spring 2015, multiple-Doppler scanning strategies were carried out with scanning wind lidars and Ka-band radars. Specifically, step–stare measurements were collected simultaneously with three scanning Doppler lidars, while two scanning Ka-band radars carried out simultaneous range height indicator (RHI) scans. The XPIA experiment provided the unique opportunity to compare directly virtual-tower measurements performed simultaneously with Ka-band radars and Doppler wind lidars. Furthermore, multiple-Doppler measurements were assessed against sonic anemometer data acquired from the meteorological tower (met-tower) present at the BAO site and a lidar wind profiler. This survey shows that – despite the different technologies, measurement volumes and sampling periods used for the lidar and radar measurements – a very good accuracy is achieved for both remote-sensing techniques for probing horizontal wind speed and wind direction with the virtual-tower scanning technique.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2024

EPCAPE-PT-LANL Measurements: Ground based counterflow virtual impactor

Coastal cities offer a unique environment for studying aerosol-cloud interactions and the effects of urban emissions on cloud properties. As part of the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE), the Partitioning Thrust by Los Alamos National Laboratory (EPCAPE-PT-LANL) was conducted. Our campaign focused on measuring the optical and chemical properties of aerosols and their interactions within marine stratocumulus clouds in La Jolla, California. EPCAPE-PT-LANL enhances the primary goals of EPCAPE through innovative observations of vapor-phase transitions between aerosols and cloud droplets, the impact of black carbon on aerosol-cloud dynamics, and the effects of cloud processing on aerosol optical properties. Instrument: Ground based counter flow virtual impactor (Brechtel Inc) Data Notes: A factor of 6.7 needs to be applied to all cloud droplet residual concentration to correct the enhancement of the concentration because all the residual samples collected at 100 lpm were delivered into the 15 lpm of CVI sample flow. [https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/5/1259/2012/amt-5-1259-2012.html] Header: - Visibility[m]: The atmospheric visibility at the time of measurement, expressed in meters. - QualityControl_Flag[bool]: A boolean flag indicating whether the measurement passed quality control checks. - Temperature[C]: The ambient temperature at the time of the measurement, expressed in degrees Celsius. - CVI_Flag[bool]: A boolean flag indicating whether the Counterflow Virtual Impactor (CVI) was active (true) or inactive (false) during the measurement. - RelativeHumidity[%]: The relative humidity at the time of the measurement, expressed as a percentage

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2012

Virtually simulating the next generation of clean energy technologies: NETL's AVESTAR Center is dedicated to the safe, reliable and efficient operation of advanced energy plants with carbon capture

Imagine using a real-time virtual simulator to learn to fly a space shuttle or rebuild your car's transmission without touching a piece of equipment or getting your hands dirty. Now, apply this concept to learning how to operate and control a state-of-the-art, electricity-producing power plant capable of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture. That's what the National Energy Technology Laboratory's (NETL) Advanced Virtual Energy Simulation Training and Research (AVESTAR) Center (www.netl.doe.gov/avestar) is designed to do. Established as part of the Department of Energy's (DOE) initiative to advance new clean energy technology for power generation, the AVESTAR Center focuses primarily on providing simulation-based training for process engineers and energy plant operators, starting with the deployment of a first-of-a-kind operator training simulator for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with CO{sub 2} capture. The IGCC dynamic simulator builds on, and reaches beyond, conventional power plant simulators to merge, for the first time, a 'gasification with CO{sub 2} capture' process simulator with a 'combined-cycle' power simulator. Based on Invensys Operations Management's SimSci-Esscor DYNSIM software, the high-fidelity dynamic simulator provides realistic training on IGCC plant operations, including normal and faulted operations, as well as plant start-up, shutdown and power demand load changes. The highly flexible simulator also allows for testing of different types of fuel sources, such as petcoke and biomass, as well as co-firing fuel mixtures. The IGCC dynamic simulator is available at AVESTAR's two locations, NETL (Figure 1) and West Virginia University's National Research Center for Coal and Energy (www.nrcce.wvu.edu), both in Morgantown, W.Va. By offering a comprehensive IGCC training program, AVESTAR aims to develop a workforce well prepared to operate, control and manage commercial-scale gasification-based power plants with CO{sub 2} capture. The facility and simulator at West Virginia University promotes NETL's outreach mission by offering hands-on simulator training and education to researchers and university students.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗

DOE OSTI2013

Optimized Hypervisor Scheduler for Parallel Discrete Event Simulations on Virtual Machine Platforms

With the advent of virtual machine (VM)-based platforms for parallel computing, it is now possible to execute parallel discrete event simulations (PDES) over multiple virtual machines, in contrast to executing in native mode directly over hardware as is traditionally done over the past decades. While mature VM-based parallel systems now offer new, compelling benefits such as serviceability, dynamic reconfigurability and overall cost effectiveness, the runtime performance of parallel applications can be significantly affected. In particular, most VM-based platforms are optimized for general workloads, but PDES execution exhibits unique dynamics significantly different from other workloads. Here we first present results from experiments that highlight the gross deterioration of the runtime performance of VM-based PDES simulations when executed using traditional VM schedulers, quantitatively showing the bad scaling properties of the scheduler as the number of VMs is increased. The mismatch is fundamental in nature in the sense that any fairness-based VM scheduler implementation would exhibit this mismatch with PDES runs. We also present a new scheduler optimized specifically for PDES applications, and describe its design and implementation. Experimental results obtained from running PDES benchmarks (PHOLD and vehicular traffic simulations) over VMs show over an order of magnitude improvement in the run time of the PDES-optimized scheduler relative to the regular VM scheduler, with over 20 reduction in run time of simulations using up to 64 VMs. The observations and results are timely in the context of emerging systems such as cloud platforms and VM-based high performance computing installations, highlighting to the community the need for PDES-specific support, and the feasibility of significantly reducing the runtime overhead for scalable PDES on VM platforms.

Yoginath, Srikanth B↗

DOE OSTI2016

Virtual substrates for epitaxial growth and methods of making the same

A virtual substrate includes a handle support and a strain-relieved single crystalline layer on the handle support. A method of making the virtual substrate includes growing a coherently-strained single crystalline layer on an initial growth substrate, removing the initial growth substrate to relieve the strain on the single crystalline layer, and applying the strain-relieved single crystalline layer on a handle support.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2016

Quantum Virtual Machine (QVM)

There is a lack of state-of-the-art HPC simulation tools for simulating general quantum computing. Furthermore, there are no real software tools that integrate current quantum computers into existing classical HPC workflows. This product, the Quantum Virtual Machine (QVM), solves this problem by providing an extensible framework for pluggable virtual, or physical, quantum processing units (QPUs). It enables the execution of low level quantum assembly codes and returns the results of such executions.

McCaskey, Alexander J.↗

DOE OSTI2014

Methods and devices for immobilization of single particles in a virtual channel in a hydrodynamic trap

Disclosed herein are methods of immobilizing a particle which comprise focusing the flow of a sample fluid containing the particle into a virtual channel which flows towards an unoccupied hydrodynamic trap in a microfluidic channel such that the particle flows into the hydrodynamic trap and becomes immobilized therein. Also disclosed are microfluidic devices which comprise at least one microchannel having at least one hydrodynamic trap, at least one focusing fluid inlet, said focusing fluid inlet is upstream of the hydrodynamic trap such that a focusing fluid introduced therein results in a virtual channel of a sample fluid when present which preferentially flows toward the hydrodynamic trap.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2020

Virtual Slit for Improved Resolution in Longitudinal Emittance Measurement

A technique to reduce point-spread originating from physical slit width in emittance measurements is described. This technique is developed to improve phase resolution in a longitudinal emittance apparatus consisting of a dipole magnet, energy-selecting slit and bunch shape monitor. In this apparatus, the energy and phase resolutions are directly proportional to the width of the slit, but the virtual slit method enables sub-slit resolution. The bunch phase profile is measured at two points in the energy distribution with a separation less than the physical slit width. The difference of these two profiles is used to reconstruct the profile from a virtual slit of width equal to the separation.

Ruisard, Kiersten↗

DOE OSTI2021

Employer Info Session: Virtual Solar Career Fair

Leading up to the 4/08 virtual career fair, this session featured an overview of the Solar Ready Vets program, a presentation by Hiring Our Heroes staff with tips on navigating the virtual career fair platform, and Q&A with solar employers interested in participating in the event.

Long, Becky↗

DOE OSTI2021

Q-VR: System-Level Design for Future Mobile Collaborative Virtual Reality

High Quality Mobile Virtual Reality (VR) is what the incoming graphics technology era demands: users around the world, regardless of their hardware and network conditions, can all enjoy the immersive virtual experience. However, the state-of-the-art software-based mobile VR designs cannot fully satisfy the realtime performance requirements due to the highly interactive nature of user's actions and complex environmental constraints during VR execution. Inspired by the unique human visual system effects and the strong correlation between VR motion features and realtime hardware-level information, we propose Q-VR, a novel dynamic collaborative rendering solution via software-hardware co-design for enabling future low-latency high-quality mobile VR. At software-level, Q-VR provides flexible high-level tuning interface to reduce network latency while maintaining user perception. At hardware-level, Q-VR accommodates a wide spectrum of hardware and network conditions across users by effectively leveraging the computing capability of the increasingly powerful VR hardware. Extensive evaluation on real-world games demonstrates that Q-VR can achieve an average end-to-end performance speedup of 3.4x (up to 6.7x) over the traditional local rendering design in commercial VR devices, and a 4.1x frame rate improvement over the state-of-the-art static collaborative rendering.

Xie, Chenhao↗

DOE OSTI2021

Virtual Framework for Science Federations with Instruments Access and Control

Experimental science workflows require federations of geographically dispersed science instruments and computing systems connected over a wide-area network. We develop a Virtual Infrastructure Twin (VIT) framework, which is a digital twin of the physical infrastructure that utilizes network virtualization and containerization technologies to support the development and testing of science workflow codes. Using VIT, we illustrate the access to instruments via EPICS system and the orchestration of containerized computations across federation computing systems. We also present a machine learning method to convert VIT throughput measurements to closely match the corresponding physical testbed measurements.

Rao, Nageswara↗