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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2018

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission

The SWOT mission is a partnership between two communities, physical oceanography and hydrology, to share high vertical accuracy and high spatial resolution topography data produced by the science payload, whose principal instrument is a Ka-band radar Interferometer. The SWOT mission will provide large-scale data sets of ocean sea-surface height resolving scales of 15km (in wavelength) and larger, allowing the characterization of ocean mesoscale and submesoscale circulation. Present altimeter constellations can only resolve the ocean circulation at wavelengths larger than 200km. SWOT will address fundamental questions on the dynamics of ocean variability at wavelengths shorter than 200km, which encompasses mesoscale and submesoscale processes such as the formation, evolution, and dissipation of eddy variability (including narrow currents, fronts, and quasi-geostrophic turbulence) and their role in air-sea interaction.

Zohar, Guy↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Age Estimates for Permanently Shadowed Craters in the VIPER Mission Area Based On Their Topography

A primary objective of the VIPER [1] mission is to characterize the distribution and physical state of volatiles at the lunar poles, including within permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) where water ice has been inferred to be stable [e.g.. 2,3]. A mission area for VIPER has been defined that enables this scientific objective near Nobile crater (Fig. 1)[4]. This location enables a traverse that can both meet VIPER’s engineering constraints (Earth-direct communication, adequate power, etc.)as well as accomplish the planned scientific exploration. In this abstract, we describe observations of crater topography that provide insight into the age of several craters that host PSRs within the planned VIPER mission area. The role that the age of PSRs plays in controlling the presence or absence of polar volatiles is of substantial interest for discerning volatile history [e.g., 5-7]. The physical state, depth distribution, and spatial distribution of volatile deposits may also vary as a function of PSR age due to gardening and/or differing emplacement mechanisms [8]. Understanding the age of PSRs that VIPER may explore is thus a useful goal.

C I Fassett↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Topographic Quintet: Comparing Five Methods for Measuring Ultra-High Resolution Topography

We compare different methods for collecting ultra-high resolution topography data within an analog planetary, human landing site scale area. Our aim is to investigate the cost and benefits of different 3D terrain mapping techniques, their associated data collection methods, and how their different specifications (e.g., range, spatial resolution, scanning-time, mobility, operating constraints, GPS-Denied operation, etc.) might be applied to landing-site characterization and mission operations. We compare 3D terrain data collected during a field campaign in November 2021 from an outcrop at Kilbourne Hole in southern New Mexico using different Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors on the ground and stereo-derived 3D data from framing cameras mounted on small uncrewed aerial systems (sUAS).Our foci for this experiment are ground-based, surveying, and autonomous vehicle-type 3D scanning sensors that might be used for planetary surface exploration from landed assets (e.g., lander, rover, astronaut-mounted sensors, decent imaging, hoppers, or drones).[e.g. 1]This test is not meant to benchmark these scanners against one another, nor provide a recommendation for a specific make or model. Rather, our goal is to quantify time, effort, resolution, and operational trade-offs that are important for selecting a topographic instrument/methodology for a given scope of terrain characterization. Our results indicate that each technique is capable of exceptional quality terrain characterization for planetary exploration and scientific inquiry, but we hypothesize the appropriate technique is highly dependent on the scope of operational specifications and science requirements.

P Whelley↗
NASA NTRS2012

Topography of the Northern Hemisphere of Mercury From MESSENGER Laser Altimetry

Laser altimetry by the MESSENGER spacecraft has yielded a topographic model of the northern hemisphere of Mercury. The dynamic range of elevations is considerably smaller than those of Mars or the Moon. The most prominent feature is an extensive lowland at high northern latitudes that hosts the volcanic northern plains. Within this lowland is a broad topographic rise that experienced uplift after plains emplacement. The interior of the 1500-km-diameter Caloris impact basin has been modified so that part of the basin floor now stands higher than the rim. The elevated portion of the floor of Caloris appears to be part of a quasi-linear rise that extends for approximately half the planetary circumference at mid-latitudes. Collectively, these features imply that long-wavelength changes to Mercury’s topography occurred after the earliest phases of the planet’s geological history.

Maria T Zuber↗
NASA NTRS2023

A Framework for Estimating Global River Discharge From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage-constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.

Michael Durand↗
NASA NTRS2026

Decoupling Surface Topography from Gravitational Acceleration in Cryogenic Pool Boiling

Boiling heat transfer is governed by a complex interplay between surface conditions and gravitational acceleration. To isolate the sole effects of gravity, we investigated the pool boiling characteristics of liquid nitrogen on atomically smooth silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) surfaces under terrestrial (1-g) and reduced gravity (0±0.02 g) conditions achieved via parabolic flight. Our results quantify a drastic reduction in the critical heat flux (CHF) in reduced gravity, decreasing from 16.15 W/cm 2 at 1-g to 5−6 W/cm 2 at μ-g due to the suppression of buoyancy. Conversely, we observed a distinct increase in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in the reduced gravity condition prior to CHF. By utilizing a surface with a maximum peak-to-valley height of ≈36.7 nm and low contact angle hysteresis (<10°), we confirm this HTC enhancement is an intrinsic response to the gravitational environment, decoupled from surface-defect-induced nucleation. These findings demonstrate that the influence of surface topography is significantly more prominent in reduced gravity than in terrestrial conditions, providing a critical baseline for rationalizing the design of cryogenic thermal management systems in space and quantum applications.

Liquid nitrogen↗
NASA NTRS2003

Satellite remote sensing of landscape freeze/thaw state dynamics for complex Topography and Fire Disturbance Areas Using multi-sensor radar and SRTM digital elevation models

We characterize differences in radar-derived freeze/thaw state, examining transitions over complex terrain and landscape disturbance regimes. In areas of complex terrain, we explore freezekhaw dynamics related to elevation, slope aspect and varying landcover. In the burned regions, we explore the timing of seasonal freeze/thaw transition as related to the recovering landscape, relative to that of a nearby control site. We apply in situ biophysical measurements, including flux tower measurements to validate and interpret the remotely sensed parameters. A multi-scale analysis is performed relating high-resolution SAR backscatter and moderate resolution scatterometer measurements to assess trade-offs in spatial and temporal resolution in the remotely sensed fields.

synthetic aperture radars (SARs)↗
NASA NTRS1999

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission: A Global DEM

Digital topographic data are critical for a variety of civilian, commercial, and military applications. Scientists use Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to map drainage patterns and ecosystems, and to monitor land surface changes over time.

Digital↗