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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Context-aware quantum simulation of a matrix stored in quantum memory

In this paper, a storage method and a context-aware circuit simulation idea are presented for the sum of block diagonal matrices. Additionally, using the design technique for a generalized circuit for the Hamiltonian dynamics through the truncated series, we generalize the idea to (0–1) matrices and discuss the generalization for the real matrices. The presented circuit requires O(n) number of quantum gates and yields the correct output with the success probability depending on the number of elements: For matrices with poly(n), the success probability is 1 / poly(n). Since the operations on the circuit are controlled by the data itself, the circuit can be considered as a context-aware computing gadget. In addition, it can be used in variational quantum eigensolver and in the simulation of molecular Hamiltonians.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2010

S961, an insulin receptor antagonist causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance and depletion of energy stores in rats

Research highlights: {yields}Insulin receptor antagonist S961 causes hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in rats. {yields}Peroxysome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone improves S961 induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. {yields}Long term treatment with insulin receptor antagonist S961 results in the decreased adiposity and hepatic glycogen content. {yields}Improvement in the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by pioglitazone clearly demonstrates that S961 treated rats can be successfully used to screen the novel therapeutic interventions having potential to improve glucose disposal through receptor independent mechanisms. -- Abstract: Impairment in the insulin receptor signaling and insulin mediated effects are the key features of type 2 diabetes. Here we report that S961, a peptide insulin receptor antagonist induces hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia ({approx}18-fold), glucose intolerance and impairment in the insulin mediated glucose disposal in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Further, long-term S961 treatment (15 day, 10 nM/kg/day) depletes energy storage as evident from decrease in the adiposity and hepatic glycogen content. However, peroxysome-proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR{gamma}) agonist pioglitazone significantly (P < 0.001) restored S961 induced hyperglycemia (196.73 {+-} 16.32 vs. 126.37 {+-} 27.07 mg/dl) and glucose intolerance ({approx}78%). Improvement in the hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by pioglitazone clearly demonstrates that S961 treated rats can be successfully used to screen the novel therapeutic interventions having potential to improve glucose disposal through receptor independent mechanisms. Further, results of the present study reconfirms and provide direct evidence to the crucial role of insulin receptor signaling in the glucose homeostasis and fuel metabolism.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Joint impedance and facies inversion of time-lapse seismic data for improving monitoring of CO 2 incidentally stored from CO 2 EOR

Time-lapse seismic monitoring is an effective and proven technology for mapping the distribution of CO 2 in a subsurface reservoir. When injected CO 2 displaces other reservoir fluids, porous-medium properties are changed and thus the seismic impedance changes, causing time-lapse seismic amplitude differences in the injection zones. The analysis and interpretation of images created from these amplitude differences can provide information about reservoir architecture and the CO 2 migration within the reservoir. Incorporating seismic inversion and rock physics into the interpretation of time-lapse seismic data can considerably improve the modeling and monitoring to detect and assess the location of CO 2 over time. The joint inversion method presented in this paper has an integral representation of the geology in the inversion algorithm using elastic facies, which provides information about the spatial distribution of the geologic heterogeneities controlling the movement of fluids in the reservoir. The method was successfully applied to time-lapse seismic data from a mature oil field undergoing CO 2 enhanced oil recovery. The estimated seismic acoustic impedances and facies reflect the characteristics of individual geologic facies and fluid conditions of the reservoir subject to CO 2 injection. Finally, the probabilities estimated by the joint impedance and facies inversion for the reservoir's litho-fluid facies can be used for forecasting CO 2 saturation and pressure changes within the target reservoir.

4D seismic↗
DOE OSTI2022

n-Butanol or isobutanol as a value-added fuel additive to inhibit microbial degradation of stored gasoline

Biofouling of gasoline can occur during fuel storage caused by bacteria and fungi that form a biofilm at a fuel/water interface and that produce organic acids and sulfides. Fuel additives are applied to gasoline to prevent biofouling but are relatively expensive, are not always effective against biofilms, and do not contribute to the combustibility of gasoline. Bio-isobutanol is an approved, certified advanced biofuel and is added up to 16% ( v/v ) in gasoline blends “iBut16”; n-butanol blends are currently under review. Microorganisms are inhibited by n-butanol or isobutanol when the aqueous concentration reaches >2-3% (w/ v ). We determined that n-butanol partitions into the aqueous phase of a model gasoline/water system reaching concentrations of 42 g/L and up to 48 g/L from gasoline blends at 10% and 24% ( v/v ), respectively. Likewise, isobutanol blended in gasoline at 10% and 24% ( v/v ) partitioned into an aqueous phase at 45 g/L and 53 g/L, respectively. Several bacterial and fungal strains that originate from fuel storage tanks, or are known to be solvent tolerant, were evaluated for their potential growth in a range of n- and isobutanol concentrations. Growth rates for all strains tested were reduced by 40–100% relative to untreated controls in n- and isobutanol concentrations of 1.5 and 2.0% ( v/v ). No observable growth occurred for any of the microorganisms in solvent concentrations at 3.0% ( v/v ). T amphiphilic and chaotropic properties of n- or isobutanol help them inhibit microbial growth and could serve as effective biocides during fuel storage as well as being valuable fuel additives.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Anisotropic breakage mechanics: From stored energy to yielding in transversely isotropic granular rocks

The microstructure of geological solids is affected by their deposition history, which generates complex systems of grain contacts and damage patterns able to induce mechanical anisotropy. Here this paper aims to disclose the connection between energy storage and the yield surface of cross-anisotropic granular rocks, with the goal to simplify the representation of their mechanical anisotropy. For this purpose, a reformulation of Continuum Breakage Mechanics (CBM) is proposed to introduce material symmetries associated with energy storage processes. It is shown that, due to the thermodynamic consistency of the selected approach, the energy release resulting from comminution is influenced by the anisotropic characteristics of the elastic energy potential. As a result, the model is able to capture naturally and without additional fitting parameters the dependence of the yielding envelope on the relative orientation between bedding planes and loading direction. The performance of the new CBM model has been tested by performing parametric analyses which elucidate the role of cross-anisotropic elastic properties on the yield surface of a granular rock. Furthermore, its accuracy has been assessed against laboratory results available for two sandstones exhibiting dependence of the yield stress on the orientation of the bedding planes. Despite the simplicity of the selected model, the results emphasize that the proposed approach captures the salient features of the deformation response of anisotropic granular rocks, thereby disclosing an intimate connection between grain-scale energy release and cataclastic yielding which greatly simplifies the mathematical description of intrinsic inelastic anisotropy.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Storing sunlight at low temperatures?

Here, artificial leaves that convert sunlight to fuels could provide a sustainable energy future. But several challenges must be overcome to improve their economic viability. Publishing in Energy & Environmental Science, Kölbach, Rehfeld, and May describe the potential of decentralized hydrogen production using thermally integrated architectures that operate under sub-freezing temperatures.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Monitoring of helium gas leakage from canister storing spent nuclear fuel: Radiological consequences and management

Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of canisters has been identified as a potential degradation mechanism requiring ageing management — especially in a marine air environment. Methods for monitoring helium gas leakage from canisters have been developed on the basis of a phenomenon that the bottom temperature of the canister increases as the top temperature of the canister decreases when helium gas leaks during storage. In this paper, we consider the radiological consequences of CISCC based on two scenarios of helium gas leakage and propose effective management that includes a timeline for monitoring and mitigation. Monitoring helium gas leakage by measuring the difference in temperature between canister surfaces in the dry cask storage of spent fuel (SF) can detect leakage before SF undergoes oxidation as a result of air ingress and before country-specific regulatory limits of off-site doses are exceeded, thereby enabling mitigatory action.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗