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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1990

Fanaroff-Riley I galaxies as the parent population of BL Lacertae objects. I - X-ray constraints

The hypothesis that BL Lacertae objects are a special subset of Fanaroff-Riley type I radio galaxies, namely, those dominated by beamed emission from a relativistic jet aligned with the line of sight, is examined by looking at the relative number densities. The calculation depends primarily on observed quantities, including the X-ray luminosity function of Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxies. The model predicts the X-ray luminosity function of BL Lacertae objects, the shape of the X-ray counts below currently observed fluxes, and the velocity of the X-ray emitting jet. With Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxies as the parent population the flat luminosity function, the observed X-ray number counts, and the partial redshift distribution of BL Lacertae objects can be explained.

Padovani, P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dynamic (computer) modelling of the particulate environment: Transformations from the LDEF reference frame to decode geocentric and interplanetary populations

The Long Duration Exposure Facility's impact signature record and the size frequency distribution of craters and perforations offers a unique record of environmental data referenced conveniently to the geocentric reference frame. Chemical analysis of residues can offer only limited assistance. Hence, flux modelling has been developed to transform from both geocentric orbital distributions and geocentrically unbounded interplanetary source distributions. This is applied to the foil and crater penetration records in the Ram (E), Trailing (W), and Space Pointing directions to offer the means of decoding the records. It shows that the mix of the components is size dependent. Parametric forms of the modelling transformations are presented for the orbital and unbound populations.

Mcdonnell, J. A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Particle dynamics and current-free double layers in an expanding, collisionless, two-electron-population plasma

The expansion of a two-electron-population, collisionless plasma into vacuum has been examined in detail. Plasma density, plasma potential, electric field, and particle disribution functions have been measured in situ. It is demonstrated that the presence of a low-pressure (P not less than 2 x 10 to the -5th torr) background neutral gas modifies the expansion of the plasma. A new plasma source creating dense, pulsed discharge plasma with a low background pressure (P not greater than 2 x 10 to the -6th torr) has been developed to perform in situ measurements of the temporal and spatial plasma evolution during its expansion into vacuum.

Hairapetian, G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Dynamic (computer) modelling of the particulate environment: Transformations from the LDEF reference frame to decode geocentric and interplanetary populations

The Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) impact signature record and the size frequency distribution of craters and perforations offers a unique record of environmental data referenced conveniently to the geocentric reference frame. Chemical analysis of residues can offer only limited assistance. Hence, flux modeling has been developed to transform both geocentric orbital distributions and geocentrically unbounded interplanetary source distributions. This is applied to the foil and crater penetration records in the Ram (E), Trailing (W), and Space Pointing directions to offer the means of decoding the records. It shows that the mix of the components is size dependent. Parametric forms of the modeling transformations are presented for the orbital and unbounded populations.

Mcdonnell, J. A. M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Silicon abundances in population I giants

Silicon to carbon abundance ratios for population I giants were determined from emission lines originating in the transition layers between stellar chromospheres and coronae. For effective temperatures larger than 6200 K we find a group of stars with increased silicon to carbon but normal nitrogen to carbon abundance ratios. These stars are presumably descendents from Ap stars with increased surface silicon to carbon abundance ratios. For G stars this anomaly disappears as is to be expected due to the increased depth of the convection zone and therefore deeper mixing which dilutes the surface overabundances. The disappearance of the abundance anomalies proves that the anomalous abundances observed for the F giants are indeed only a surface phenomenon. It also proves that the same holds for their progenitors, the Ap and Am stars, as has been generally believed. Unexplained is the increased silicon to carbon abundance ratio observed for several stars cooler than 5100 L. RS CVn and related stars do not show this increased abundance ratio. There are also some giants which appear to be enriched in carbon, perhaps due to a helium flash with some mixing if the star is a clump star.

Boehm-Vitense, Erika↗
NASA NTRS1991

Fanaroff-Riley I galaxies as the parent populations of BL Lacertae objects. III - Radio constraints

There is increasing support for the idea that BL Lacertae objects are dominated by beamed emission from a relativistic jet aligned with the line of sight. If so, the most likely parent objects are Fanaroff-Riley type I (F-R I) radio galaxies. This hypothesis is tested by determining the ratio of number densities of the two populations in a manner appropriate for flux-limited samples. Through a direct comparison of predicted and observed luminosity functions, it is shown that available radio samples of F-R I galaxies and BL Lac objects are fully consistent with the beaming hypothesis. The model makes specific predictions about the luminosity function of BL Lacertae objects and their radio counts below currently observed levels.

Urry, C. M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Further analyses of human kidney cell populations separated on the Space Shuttle

Cultured human embryonic kidney cells were separated into electrophoretic subpopulations in laboratory experiments and in two separation experiments on the STS-8 (Challenger) Space Shuttle flight using the mid-deck Continuous Flow Electrophoretic Separator (CFES). Populations of cells from each fraction were cultured for the lifetime of the cells, and supernatant medium was withdrawn and replaced at 4-day intervals. Withdrawn medium was frozen at -120 C for subsequent analysis. Enzyme assays, antibodies and gel electrophoresis were used as analytical tools for the detection and quantization of plasminogen activators in these samples. These assays of frozen-culture supernatant fluids confirmed the electrophoretic separation of plasminogen-activator-producing cells from nonproducing cells, the isolation of cells capable of sustained production, and the separation of cells that produce different plasminogen activators from one other.

Stewart, Robin M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A study of the stellar population in the Chamaeleon dark clouds

The properties of the stellar population in the Chamaeleon dark clouds are discussed. Spectral energy distributions, based on the extant photometric and spectroscopic data base and IRAS fluxes measured from coadded data taken at the position of each star, and spectral types allow placement of the stars in an H-R diagram. The age and mass distributions and the luminosity function for the Chamaeleon stars are compared to those in the Taurus-Auriga dark clouds and are found to be similar. A small subsample (eight of 36) of the Chamaeleon stars show unusual spectral energy distributions which seem best interpreted as arising from circumstellar disks whose inner regions (R(in)) is less than 30-50 stellar radii) area devoid of material. The X-ray properties of this sample of premain-sequence objects are compared to those of other premain-sequence samples, as well as to the Hyades and the Pleiades main-sequence stars.

Gauvin, Lisa S.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Planetary Camera observations of NGC 1275 - Discovery of a central population of compact massive blue star clusters

The discovery of a population of bright blue pointlike sources within 5 kpc of the nucleus of NGC 1275 using HST Planetary Camera observations is reported. The typical object has MV of about -12 to -14. They are all blue, with V - R of less than about 0.3. The color distribution and lack of excess H-alpha emission are consistent with nearly all being continuum sources. Many sources are unresolved even with the HST and consequently have sizes of less than about 15 pc. It is suggested that these are young star clusters that will evolve to look like globular clusters. They are bluer than any clusters seen in the Milky Way or M87, and brighter than the blue clusters seen in the LMC. Ages of several hundred million years or less and corresponding masses of 10 exp 5 - 10 exp 8 solar masses are derived.

Holtzman, Jon A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A bipolar population counter using wave pipelining to achieve 2.5 x normal clock frequency

Wave pipelining is a technique for pipelining digital systems that can increase clock frequency in practical circuits without increasing the number of storage elements. In wave pipelining, multiple coherent waves of data are sent through a block of combinational logic by applying new inputs faster than the delay through the logic. The throughput of a 63-b CML population counter was increased from 97 to 250 MHz using wave pipelining. The internal circuit is flowthrough combinational logic. Novel CAD methods have balanced all input-to-output paths to about the same delay. This allows multiple data waves to propagate in sequence when the circuit is clocked faster than its propagation delay.

Wong, Derek C.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Stellar population of NGC 1850 in the LMC

Results are presented of a study of the stellar population of the young globular cluster NGC 1850 in the LMC based on observations made on the HST. The observed magnitude range corresponds to main-sequence stars with masses in the interval 0.8-13 solar masses. The main sequence has a finite width, definitely larger than the spread produced by the measurement uncertainties, suggesting either a spread in ages (20 percent) or the effect of binary systems with a flat distribution of mass ratios.

Gilmozzi, Roberto↗
NASA NTRS1992

Nonequilibrium vibrational population measurements in an expanding flow using spontaneous Raman scattering

Vibrational relaxation of nitrogen in a 2D nozzle flow is studied using spontaneous Raman scattering. An electric arc driven shock tube operating as a reflected shock tunnel produces stagnation conditions of 5600 K and 100 atm. A 248 nm KrF laser pulse is focused into the nozzle to produce spatially resolved spontaneous Raman spectra. Vibrational population distributions are derived from the spectra for the states v = 0 to v = 8. The experimental results are compared with two theoretical models: the Landau-Teller relaxation model and a numerical solution of the master equations using transition rates derived from SSH theory. The Landau-Teller correction factor has been measured at 1.0 - 1.5.

Sharma, Surendra P.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Lithologies contributing to the clast population in Apollo 17 LKFM basaltic impact melts

LKFM basaltic impact melts are abundant among Apollo lunar samples, especially those from Apollo 15, 16, and 17. They are generally basaltic in composition, but are found exclusively as impact melts. They seem to be related to basins and so could represent the composition of the lower lunar crust. They contain lithic clasts that cannot be mixed in any proportion to produce the composition of the melt matrix; components rich in transition elements (Ti, Cr, Sc) and REE are not considered. To search for the mysterious cryptic component, we previously investigated the mineral clast population in two Apollo 14 LKFM basaltic impact melts, 15445 and 15455. The cryptic component was not present in the mineral clast assemblage of these breccias either, but some olivine and pyroxene grains appeared to be from lithologies not represented among identified igneous rocks from the lunar highlands. In addition, none of the mineral clasts could be unambiguously assigned to a ferroan anorthosite source. We have now extended this study to Apollo 17, starting with two LKFM impact melt breccias (76295 and 76315) from the Apollo 17 station 6 boulder. The results from the study are presented.

Norman, Marc D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

The x ray population in globular clusters and three crab-like SNR in the large Magellanic cloud

This document is to serve as the requisite Final Technical Report on grant NAG5-1557 which was awarded under the NASA ROSAT Guest Investigator Program to Columbia University. In response to the NASA Research Anouncement describing the first round of Guest Investigations to be carried out under the U.S.-German ROSAT Program (AO-1), the PI submitted several proposals, three of which were accepted in part: (1) the x-ray population of globular clusters; (2) three crab-like SNR in the Large Magellanic Cloud; and (3) x rays from nearby radio pulsars. The status of these three programs as of 31 May 1993, the termination date of the grant, is reported.

Helfand, David J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Light-element abundances in Population II dwarfs

This paper reviews the abundances of the light elements lithium, beryllium, and boron in main-sequence and subgiant, Population II stars. Li is important to cosmology because it is synthesized in the Big Bang, but is also used to study stellar structure. Beryllium is useful for studying galactic chemical evolution because its formation in the interstellar medium involves different physics to stellar nucleosynthesis, and it thus provides independent data on the evolution of the halo. Some (though not all) inhomogeneous Big Bang nucleosynthesis codes predict a significant primordial component to this element, so its observed abundance may constrain such models. Boron, observations of which became feasible with the operation of the Hubble Space Telescope, provides complementary data to Be, helping check the element ratios predicted by calculations of spallation reactions in the interstellar medium, and will indicate whether the observed Be abundance has an excess over the expected spallation component, indicating a possible primordial component.

Ryan, Sean G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Stellar population of NGC 1850 in the LMC

Observations of the globular cluster NGC 1850 taken with the HST Wide Field Camera are used to constrain the stellar population of this member of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Three exposures were obtained for each band at exposure times of 10, 100, and 1100 seconds, and the longest exposure was halved to minimize the effects of cosmic noise and the saturation of bright objects. A total of about 12,000 stars with magnitudes of 14-24 and masses of 0.8-13 solar mass are measured, and the age of NGC 1850 is given at approximately 25 million years.

Gilmozzi, Roberto↗
NASA NTRS1992

Ultraviolet imaging of old population in nearby galaxies

We analyze UV imagery of two Sb bulges and two E galaxies obtained with the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope during the Astro-1 mission. The UV brightness of these systems is not produced by recent massive star formation. Instead it must originate in relatively low-luminosity objects, probably low-mass, post-giant-branch stars. We find extended, large-amplitude UV color gradients, which are probably related to abundance gradients within the galaxies. M32 has a color gradient opposite to the other three objects, possibly because of an intermediate-age population.

O'Connell, Robert W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Populations of low-mass black hole binaries

The evolution of a population of massive binaries with low-mass secondaries is considered by contrasting the fate of black hole-producing systems with those leaving neutron stars. It is found that the interacting black hole binaries may be even more common than the familiar neutron star LMXBs. Certain unusual expected systems are described, and a comparison with present observations is made to determine the accuracy of predictions of this scenario.

Romani, Roger W.↗