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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21

Circuit transients due to negative bias arcs on a high-voltage solar array in low Earth orbit

Arcing to negatively biased, exposed solar cell interconnects on solar arrays placed in plasma environments was established. Arcing, however, may cause damaging interference with the operation of electrical power systems in spacecraft planned to be driven with high-voltage solar arrays. An analytical model was developed to estimate the effects of netagive bias arcs on solar array power system performance. Solar cell characteristics, plasma interactions, and power system features are modeled by a linear, lumped element transient circuit, and the time domain equations are solved. Numerical results for solar array common mode and load voltage transients are calculated for typical conditions. Acceptable load transients are found for a range of arc current amplitudes and time constants.

Metz, R. N.↗

Numerical simulations of the nonlinear kink modes in linearly stable supersonic slip surfaces

High-resolution numerical simulations of supersonic slip surfaces were performed using the Cray 2 at the Minnesota Supercomputer Center to confirm earlier analytic nonlinear stability calculations of such structures. The present study presents a numerical solution for the problem solved analytically by Artola and Majda (1987) and follows growing modes well into the large-amplitude regime. The response of an equal-density Mach-4 slip surface to a variety of impinging nonlinear sound wave trains is computed using the piecewise-parabolic method (PPM). The nature of the nonlinear kink modes observed in the simulations was found to be similar to that discussed by Artola and Majda. Most of the speeds moved in either direction, with speeds near the predicted value. It is suggested that the stationary modes will eventually dominate the flow at much later times, and it is argued that the stationary modes are more disruptive than the propagating kink modes.

Pedelty, Jeffrey A.↗

COVID-19 Joint Pandemic Modeling and Analysis Platform

The non-pharmaceutical intervention to reduce the impact and spread of COVID-19 requires the development of policies and guidance through a collaborative effort among government, academia, medicine, and citizens. To operationalize this effort, we have developed an all-encompassing situational awareness platform that can process multi-modal and multi-source data allowing informed decision making. Besides, showing the current spread of infection, the platform also captures the impact of human dynamics on the infection spread, location, and availability of critical infrastructure, prediction, and high-performance computing driven simulation. The platform is extensible, allowing third-party integration and services to consume the curated data and analytics in near real-time. We believe the platform will augment critical decision making for reducing the impact and spread of the pandemic.

Thakur, Gautam↗

A comparison of analytical results for 20 K LOX/hydrogen instabilities

Test data from NASA Lewis' Effect of Thrust Per Element on Combustion Stability Characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engines test program are used to validate two recently released stability analysis tools. The first tool is a design methodology called ROCCID (ROCket Combustor Interactive Design). ROCCID is an interactive design and analysis methodology that uses existing performance and combustion stability analysis codes. The second tool is HICCIP (High frequency Injection Coupled Combustion Instability Program). HICCIP is a recently developed combustion stability analysis model. Using a matrix of models, results from analytic comparisons with 20 K LOX/H2 experimental data are presented.

Klem, Mark D.↗

A comparison of analytical results for 20 K LOX/hydrogen instabilities

Test data from NASA Lewis' Effect of Thrust Per Element on Combustion Stability Characteristics of Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engines test program are used to validate two recently released stability analysis tools. The first tool is a design methodology called ROCCID (ROCket Combustor Interactive Design). ROCCID is an interactive design and analysis methodology that uses existing performance and combustion stability analysis codes. The second tool is HICCIP (High frequency Injection Coupled Combustion Instability Program). HICCIP is a recently developed combustion stability analysis model. Using a matrix of models, results from analytic comparisons with 20 K LOX/H2 experimental data are presented.

Klem, Mark D.↗

SPS phase control system performance via analytical simulation

A solar power satellite transmission system which incorporates automatic beam forming, steering, and phase control is discussed. The phase control concept centers around the notation of an active retrodirective phased array as a means of pointing the beam to the appropriate spot on Earth. The transmitting antenna (spacetenna) directs the high power beam so that it focuses on the ground-based receiving antenna (rectenna). A combination of analysis and computerized simulation was conducted to determine the far field performance of the reference distribution system, and the beam forming and microwave power generating systems.

Lindsey, W. C.↗

Scaling up of High-Performance Single Crystalline Ni-rich Cathode Materials (CRADA 509)

This is a collaborative effort between Battelle Memorial Institute as manager and operator of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and Albemarle Corporation (“Participant”) to develop and scale up an innovative and low-cost synthesis approach for preparing high-performance single crystalline Ni-rich cathode materials, i.e., LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) and LiNi0.9Mn0.05Co0.05O2 (NMC90) for next-generation LIBs. At the end of this project, the team will (1) develop a cost-effective synthesis approach for preparing single crystalline MNC811 (>200 mAh/g) and NMC90 (>210 mAh/g) by using advanced lithium salts, (2) address the performance issues of single crystals prepared from large-scale synthesis, and (3) demonstrate the processing/scaling up capabilities of up to 1 kg/batch of high-performance NMC811 and NMC90 single crystals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

ARPA-E Days Stores (Final Report)

The current report summarizes the work carried out within the ARPA-E STORES project performed by MSU and ASU. The project was highly successful.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

The Generality of the GUGA MRCI Approach in COLUMBUS for Treating Complex Quantum Chemistry

The core part of the program system COLUMBUS allows highly efficient calculations using variational multireference (MR) methods in the framework of configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MR-CISD) and averaged quadratic coupled-cluster calculations (MR-AQCC), based on uncontracted sets of configurations and the graphical unitary group approach (GUGA). The availability of analytic MR-CISD and MR-AQCC energy gradients and analytic nonadiabatic couplings for MR-CISD enables exciting applications including, e.g., investigations of π-conjugated biradicaloid compounds, calculations of multitudes of excited states, development of diabatization procedures, and furnishing the electronic structure information for on-the-fly surface nonadiabatic dynamics. With fully variational uncontracted spin-orbit MRCI, COLUMBUS provides a unique possibility of performing high-level calculations on compounds containing heavy atoms up to lanthanides and actinides. Crucial for carrying out all of these calculations effectively is the availability of an efficient parallel code for the CI step. Configuration spaces of several billion in size now can be treated quite routinely on standard parallel computer clusters. Emerging developments in COLUMBUS, including the all configuration mean energy multiconfiguration self-consistent field method and the graphically contracted function method, promise to allow practically unlimited configuration space dimensions. Spin density based on the GUGA approach, analytic spin-orbit energy gradients, possibilities for local electron correlation MR calculations, development of general interfaces for nonadiabatic dynamics, and MRCI linear vibronic coupling models conclude this overview.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Thermal Testing and Analysis of an Efficient High-Temperature Multi-Screen Internal Insulation

Conventional multi-layer insulations exhibit excellent insulation performance but they are limited to the temperature range to which their components reflective foils and spacer materials are compatible. For high temperature applications, the internal multi-screen insulation IMI has been developed that utilizes unique ceramic material technology to produce reflective screens with high temperature stability. For analytical insulation sizing a parametric material model is developed that includes the main contributors for heat flow which are radiation and conduction. The adaptation of model-parameters based on effective steady-state thermal conductivity measurements performed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) allows for extrapolation to arbitrary stack configurations and temperature ranges beyond the ones that were covered in the conductivity measurements. Experimental validation of the parametric material model was performed during the thermal qualification test of the X-38 Chin-panel, where test results and predictions showed a good agreement.

Weiland, Stefan↗

Development of a Gas Chromatography with High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Methodology for BDNPA/F

Analysis of thermally labile compounds such as bis(2,2-dinitropropyl) acetal/formal (BDNPA/F), an energetic plasticizer, is usually performed via liquid chromatography (LC) as opposed to gas chromatography (GC) due to thermal decomposition in the inlet or the analytical column. While LC is a powerful technique, the analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds is best suited to GC. Herein, a method was developed for a gas chromatograph coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometer (GC-HRMS), utilizing a programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) inlet. A subset of the native compounds and several produced by the thermal decomposition of BDNPA/F in the inlet were evaluated by using multiple PTV inlet parameters to determine the optimal ramp rate and final temperature of the inlet (60 °C/min from 60 to 325 °C). The optimized GC-HRMS method nearly reduced all thermal decomposition, allowing for an excellent separation to be obtained. Furthermore, multiple ionization methods, including electron impact (EI), negative chemical ionization (NCI), and positive chemical ionization (PCI), were used to explore the many chemical differences between the BDNPA/F samples. A preliminary investigation of the benefits of using GC-HRMS to evaluate the chemical differences between unaged and aged BDNPA/F samples for unique insight was evaluated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

pyRMG: A framework for high-throughput, large-cell DFT calculations on supercomputers

Exascale computing delivers the raw power to simulate ever larger and more chemically realistic systems, but realizing this potential requires codes that can efficiently use thousands of processors. Our real-space multigrid (RMG) density functional theory (DFT) code’s grid-decomposition approach scales nearly linearly with the number of graphics processing units (GPUs), even for simulations exceeding thousands of atoms. This scalability makes RMG a compelling tool for high-throughput DFT studies of materials that would otherwise be bottlenecked in other codes (for example, by global fast Fourier transforms in plane-wave DFT). However, the limited workflow infrastructure for RMG has thus far constrained its adoption to a small user community. In this work, we present pyRMG, a Python package designed to streamline the setup and execution of RMG DFT calculations. Built on the pymatgen and ASE (Atomic Simulation Environment) computational materials science Python packages, pyRMG automates input generation and convergence checking, and it integrates with modern job schedulers (e.g., Flux) on leadership-class platforms such as Frontier and Perlmutter. Here, we demonstrate pyRMG for a high-throughput study of strain effects in 2D 2L-Bi 2 Se 3 /2L-NbSe 2 heterostructures, which offers chemical insights into this system and shows that RMG-based workflows can converge with limited user intervention.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Compositional Effects of Additively Manufactured Refractory High-Entropy Alloys under High-Energy Helium Irradiation

High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are proposed as materials for a variety of extreme environments, including both fission and fusion radiation applications. To withstand these harsh environments, materials processing must be tailored to their given application, now achieved through additive manufacturing processes. However, radiation application opportunities remain limited due to an incomplete understanding of the effects of irradiation on HEA performance. In this letter, we investigate the response of additively manufactured refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) to helium (He) ion bombardment. Through analytical microscopy studies, we show the interplay between the alloy composition and the He bubble size and density to demonstrate how increasing the compositional complexity can limit the He bubble effects, but care must be taken in selecting the appropriate constituent elements.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Potential release of fibers from burning carbon composites

A comprehensive experimental carbon fiber source program was conducted to determine the potential for the release of conductive carbon fibers from burning composites. Laboratory testing determined the relative importance of several parameters influencing the amounts of single fibers released, while large-scale aviation jet fuel pool fires provided realistic confirmation of the laboratory data. The dimensions and size distributions of fire-released carbon fibers were determined, not only for those of concern in an electrical sense, but also for those of potential interest from a health and environmental standpoint. Fire plume and chemistry studies were performed with large pool fires to provide an experimental input into an analytical modelling of simulated aircraft crash fires. A study of a high voltage spark system resulted in a promising device for the detection, counting, and sizing of electrically conductive fibers, for both active and passive modes of operation.

Bell, V. L.↗

Analytical and experimental investigation of the coupled bladed disk/shaft whirl of a cantilevered turbofan

A simple analytical model for the structural dynamics of a rotating flexible blade/rigid disk/flexible cantilevered shaft system yields the equations of motion expressed in the rotating frame, showing that the blade's one-nodal diameter modes dynamically couple to the rigid body whirling motion of the shaft-disk system. This analytical model is correlated with the results of a structural dynamic experiment performed on an aeroelastic rotor fan that is similar to a high bypass ratio shroudless turbofan. The agreement between the predicted and experimental natural frequencies is good, and suggests significant interaction of the one-nodal diameter blade modes with the shaft-disk modes.

Crawley, E. F.↗

Structural considerations for fabrication and mounting of the AXAF HRMA optics

A methodology is described which minimizes optics distortion in the fabrication, metrology, and launch configuration phases. The significance of finite element modeling and breadboard testing is described with respect to performance analyses of support structures and material effects in NASA's AXAF X-ray optics. The paper outlines the requirements for AXAF performance, optical fabrication, metrology, and glass support fixtures, as well as the specifications for mirror sensitivity and the high-resolution mirror assembly. Analytical modeling of the tools is shown to coincide with grinding and polishing experiments, and is useful for designing large-area polishing and grinding tools. Metrological subcomponents that have undergone initial testing show evidence of meeting force requirements.

Cohen, Lester M.↗

Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiments on Space Shuttle Flights STS-53 and STS-57

The Fluid Acquisition and Resupply Experiment (FARE) program, managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center Space Propulsion Branch with Martin Marietta Civil Space and Communications as the contractor, consisted of two flights designated FARE I and FARE II. FARE I flew in December 1992 on STS-53 with a screen channel liquid acquisition device (LAD) and FARE II flew in June 1993 on STS-57 with a vane-type LAD. Thus, the FARE I and II flights represent the two basic LAD categories usually considered for in-space fluid management. Although both LAD types have been used extensively, the usefulness of the on-orbit data has been constrained by the lack of experimentation beyond predicted performance limits, including both propellant fill and expulsion. Therefore, the FARE tests were designed to obtain data that would satisfy two primary objectives: (1) Demonstrate the performance of the two types of LADs, screen channel and vane, and (2) support the anchoring of analytical models. Both flights were considered highly successful in meeting these two primary objectives.

S M Dominick↗

NREL's Capabilities in Analytical Sciences Supporting Research and Development (R&D)

NREL researchers perform biomass characterization in dedicated laboratories working with over $5 million in state-of-the-art analytical equipment. A dedicated team of highly skilled analytical chemists have over 100 cumulative years of experience in characterization. They have three specialized laboratories with dedicated sample processing and advanced analytical equipment. Core capabilities include biomass and biochemical characterization and quantification, publicly available laboratory analytical procedures (LAPs), and near-infrared rapid analysis.

analysis↗