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DOE OSTI2021

Bioinspired Activation of N 2 on Asymmetrical Coordinated Fe Grafted 1T MoS 2 at Room Temperature

Inspired by the nitrogen fixation process on MoFe nitrogenase, asymmetrical coordinated Fe grafted onto 1T MoS 2 were successfully synthesized. The unique electron -rich structure with asymmetrical coordination made the 1T Fe 0.1 Mo 0.9 S 2 layered material actively react with water and dinitrogen at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. Subsequently, ammonia can be produced with a yield of 800 pmol (NH 4 + ) g -1 (12.5% yield in mole). The activation, fixation and reduction of dinitrogen were confirmed by isotopically labeled experiments. The location and the specific coordination environment of grafted Fe in Fe-Mo-S were further determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Our work demonstrates that the nitrogen fixation and reduction for ammonia at room temperature without any chemical and electrochemical assistance is distinctly different from traditional bionic -inspired nitrogen fixation process. The mechanism of the activation and reduction of N 2 was further investigated by density functional theory calculation and Raman spectra. Compared with 1T MoS 2 , the enriched electron nature and asymmetrical coordination of Fe in Fe-Mo-S materials play a critical role in the bioinspired activation of N 2 at ambient condition.

1T MoS2↗

DOE OSTI2021

Developing a strategy for the national coordinated soil moisture monitoring network

Soil moisture is a critical land surface variable, affecting a wide variety of climatological, agricultural, and hydrological processes. Determining the current soil moisture status is possible via a variety of methods, including in situ monitoring, remote sensing, and numerical modeling. Although all of these approaches are rapidly evolving, there is no cohesive strategy or framework to integrate these diverse information sources to develop and disseminate coordinated national soil moisture products that will improve our ability to understand climate variability. The National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network initiative has developed a national strategy for network coordination with NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System. The strategy is currently in review within NOAA, and work is underway to implement the initial milestones of the strategy. This update reviews the goals and steps being taken to establish this national-scale coordination for soil moisture monitoring in the United States.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

A fully distributed asynchronous approach for multi-area coordinated network-constrained unit commitment

This paper discusses a consensus-based alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach to solve the multi-area coordinated network-constrained unit commitment (NCUC) problem in a distributed manner. Due to political and technical difficulties, it is neither practical nor feasible to solve the multi-area coordination problem in a centralized fashion, which requires full access to all data of individual areas. In comparison, in the proposed fully-distributed approach, local NCUC problems of individual areas can be solved independently, and only limited information is exchanged among adjacent areas for facilitating multi-area coordination. Furthermore, as traditional ADMM can only guarantee convergence for convex problems, this paper discusses several strategies to mitigate oscillations, enhance convergence performance, and derive good-enough feasible solutions, including: (i) A tie-line power flow based area coordination strategy is designed to reduce the number of global consensus variables; (ii) Different penalty parameters \r{ho} are assigned to individual consensus variables and are updated via certain rules during the iterative procedure, which would reduce the impact of initial values of \r{ho} on convergence performance; (iii) Heuristic rules are adopted to fix certain unit commitment variables for avoiding oscillations during the iterative procedure; and (iv) An asynchronous distributed strategy is studied, which solves NCUC subproblems of small areas multiple times and exchanges information with adjacent areas more frequently within one complete run of slower NCUC subproblems of large areas. Numerical cases illustrate effectiveness of the proposed asynchronous fully-distributed NCUC approach, and investigate key factors that would affect its convergence performance.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2018

Lamellipodial wrinkles in fish keratocytes as markers of imperfect coordination between extension and retraction during cell migration

Highlights: • Migrating fish keratocytes display prominent lamellipodial wrinkles. • A numerical model shows that wrinkles can arise due to compressive stresses. • In the model, wrinkles only arise if the rear of the cell is transiently stuck. • Experimentally pinning the rear of the cell also induces wrinkles. • Wrinkles reflect imbalances between retraction and extension during migration. Cell migration involves the precise coordination between extension at the front of the cell and retraction at the rear. This coordination is particularly evident in fast moving cells such as fish keratocytes, where it leads to highly stable gliding motion, propelled at the front by broad, 0.1-0-2 μm thick lamellipodia. Transient uncoupling between extension and retraction can occur if the rear is temporarily stuck, which might eventually lead to cell shape instabilities. We have frequently observed in fish keratocytes the presence of lamellipodial radial wrinkles, detected by confocal, scanning electron and side-view microscopy as folds in the lamellipodium up to 2 μm in height. Using a linear finite elements analysis, we simulated the displacement of cells either with perfect coordination between extension and retraction or with the rear transiently stuck while the front continues extending, and we observed that in this last condition compression stresses arise in the lamellipodium which predict the formation of the observed pattern of lamellipodial wrinkles. In support of the numerical modeling findings, we observed that the transient halting of retraction at the rear using micromanipulation induced the formation of lamellipodial wrinkles in previously flat lamellipodia. The obtained results suggest that the conspicuous lamellipodial wrinkles observed in migrating fish keratocytes are the product of transient imbalances between front and rear displacements, and are therefore useful markers of the short scale dynamics of extension and retraction coordination during cell migration.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

Thermoelastic-plastic flow equations in general coordinates

The equations governing the thermoelastic-plastic flow of isotropic solids in the Prandtl- Reuss and small anisotropy approximations in Cartesian coordinates are generalized to arbitrary coordinate systems. In applications the choice of coordinates is dictated by the symmetry of the solid flow. Here, the generally invariant equations are evaluated in spherical, cylindrical (including uniaxial), and both prolate and oblate spheroidal coordinates.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

DOE OSTI2013

Three new Ag(I) coordination architectures based on mixed ligands: Syntheses, structures and photoluminescent properties

Three new silver (I) coordination complexes, [Ag{sub 2}(1,2-bdc)(phdat)]{sub n} (1), [Ag{sub 2}(NO{sub 2}-bdc)(phdat)]{sub n} (2), [Ag{sub 4}(nta){sub 3}(phdat)NO{sub 3}]{sub n} (3) (1,2-bdc=phthalic acid dianion, NO{sub 2}-bdc=5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dianion, nta=nicotinic acid anion, phdat=2,4-diamine-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine) have been hydrothermally synthesized by the reactions of silver nitrate and phdat with the homologous ligands 1,2-H{sub 2}bdc, NO{sub 2}-H{sub 2}bdc, and Hnta, respectively, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, IR spectra, elemental analyses thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The compound 1 exhibits a chiral 3D network with cbs/CrB self-dual topological net, which contains two kinds of single helical chains. For compound 2, the 3D network is comprised of two kinds of similar 2D sheets with the topological symbol of sql-type packed in AABBAA mode by Ag–N/O weakly contacts. And compound 3 has 2D double layer architecture, consisting of the 2D plane with hcb-type topological symbol connected by Ag–O weakly coordinations. The photoluminescent properties associated with the crystal structures of three compounds have also been measured. - Graphical abstract: Three new silver(I) coordination complexes 1–3 have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, IR spectra, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and photoluminescent spectra. Highlights: ► The compound 1 exhibits a novel chiral 3D network with two kinds of single helical chains. ► 3D or 2D new Ag coordination complexes. ► The photoluminescent properties have been measured.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2013

Tuning metal–carboxylate coordination in crystalline metal–organic frameworks through surfactant media

Although it has been widely demonstrated that surfactants can efficiently control the size, shape and surface properties of micro/nanocrystals of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) due to the strong interactions between surfactants and crystal facets of MOFs, the use of surfactants as reaction media to grow MOF single crystals is unprecedented. In addition, compared with ionic liquids, surfactants are much cheaper and can have multifunctional properties such as acidic, basic, neutral, cationic, anionic, or even block. These factors strongly motivate us to develop a new synthetic strategy: growing crystalline MOFs in surfactants. In this report, eight new two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) MOFs have been successfully synthesized in an industrially-abundant and environmentally-friendly surfactant: polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200). Eight different coordination modes of carboxylates, ranging from monodentate η{sup 1} mode to tetra-donor coordination µ{sub 3}-η{sup 1}:η{sup 2}:η{sup 1} mode, have been founded in our research. The magnetic properties of Co-based MOFs were investigated and MOF NTU-Z6b showed a phase transition with a Curie temperature (T{sub c}) at 5 K. Our strategy of growing crystalline MOFs in surfactant could offer exciting opportunities for preparing novel MOFs with diverse structures and interesting properties. - Graphical abstract: Surfactants have been used as reaction media to grow MOF single crystals for the first time. Eight new two-dimensional or three-dimensional MOFs were successfully synthesized in surfactant polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200). Coordination modes of carboxylates up to eight were founded. Our strategy of growing crystalline MOFs in surfactant could offer exciting opportunities for preparing novel MOFs with diverse structures and interesting properties. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Surfactant-thermal synthesis of crystalline metal–organic frameworks. • Eight new 2-D or 3-D metal–organic frameworks. • Eight different metal–carboxylate coordination modes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Syntheses and structures of three heterometallic coordination polymers derived from 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid

Three lanthanide–transition-metal coordination polymers, namely, [Er{sub 2}L{sub 6}(H{sub 2}O)][Cu{sub 2}I{sub 2}] (1), [ErL{sub 3}][CuI] (2), and [Dy{sub 2}L{sub 6}(BPDC){sub 0.5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}][Cu{sub 3}I{sub 2}] (3) (HL=4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid, H{sub 2}BPDC=4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) have been made by reacting Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CuI with HL at different temperatures under hydrothermal conditions. All the complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. 1–3 all construct from dimeric (Ln{sub 2}) and (Cu{sub 2}) units and exhibit two types of the structural features: 1 is a two-dimensional layer, 2–3 are three-dimensional frameworks. Interestingly, the in situ formation of the BPDC ligand is found in the structure of 3. The distinct architectures of these complexes indicated that the reaction temperature plays an important role in the formation of higher dimensional coordination polymers. - Graphical abstract: By hydrothermal reaction of lanthanide oxide, copper halide, and 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic ligand at different temperatures, a series of 1-D to 3-D 3d–4f coordination polymers, namely [ErL{sub 3}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}][CuI], [Er{sub 2}L{sub 6}(H{sub 2}O)][Cu{sub 2}I{sub 2}], [ErL{sub 3}][CuI], and [Dy{sub 2}L{sub 6}(BPDC){sub 0.5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}][Cu{sub 3}I{sub 2}], have been made, respectively. - Highlights: • Three novel heterometallic coordination polymers derived from 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid have been hydrothermally synthesized. • Mixed dinuclear motifs of (Ln{sub 2}) and (Cu{sub 2}) serve as secondary building units to generate 2-D layer and 3-D frameworks. • It is proved that higher temperature is apt to permit construction of high dimensional architectures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Two new pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate coordination polymers prepared from zerovalent metal precursor: Syntheses, luminescent and magnetic properties

Two new K{sup +}/Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination polymers with pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate (pydc), (K{sub 2}[Cu(μ-pydc){sub 2}]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} (1) and ([Zn(µ-pydc)(H{sub 2}O)(4-mim)]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (2) (4-mim=4-methylimidazole) have been synthesized from zerovalent metal and characterized by IR, EPR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. In the sandwiched 3D anionic framework of 1, pydc ligands exhibit hexadentate coordination; tridentate coordination bond with Cu(II) and tridentate ionic interaction with K{sup +} ions. (K{sub 2}[Cu(μ-pydc){sub 2}]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} shows a rare topology consists of three dimensional (3,4,5)-connected network with the point symbol of (4{sup 2}.6){sub 2}(4{sup 2}.8{sup 4})(4{sup 3}.6.8{sup 6}){sub 2}. The distorted square pyramidal geometry of 2 is completed with an nitrogen atom from 4-mim and aqua ligand to form a 1D polynuclear structure. The hydrogen bonds link the 1D chains into 3D architecture. The temperature dependent magnetic property of complex 1 has been studied. Complex 2 exhibits unusual yellow luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. - Graphical abstract: Two new K{sup +}/Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination polymers with pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate (pydc), (K{sub 2}[Cu(μ-pydc){sub 2}]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} (1) and ([Zn(µ-pydc)(H{sub 2}O)(4-mim)]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (2) (4-mim=4-methylimidazole) have been synthesized from zerovalent metal and characterized by IR, EPR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The water soluble (K{sub 2}[Cu(μ-pydc){sub 2}]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} shows three dimensional a rare 3,4,5-connected network with the point symbol of (4{sup 2}.6){sub 2}(4{sup 2}.8{sup 4})(4{sup 3}.6.8{sup 6}){sub 2}. The temperature dependent magnetic property of complex 1 has been studied. Complex 2 exhibits unusual yellow luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Water-soluble (K{sub 2}[Cu(μ-pydc){sub 2}]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} has synthesized. • Zerovalent metal precursors are utilized. • The temperature dependent magnetic properties have been studied.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Cu{sup II} coordination polymers based on 5-methoxyisophthalate and flexible N-donor ligands: Structures and magnetic properties

Three Cu{sup II} coordination polymers, ([Cu{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}O-ip){sub 2}(bmib)]){sub n} (1), ([Cu{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}O-ip){sub 2}(bmib){sub 2}]){sub n} (2) and ([Cu(CH{sub 3}O-ip)(bbip)]∙2H{sub 2}O){sub n} (3) (CH{sub 3}O-H{sub 2}ip is 5-methoxyisophthalic acid, bmib is 1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)butane and bbip is 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazolyl)propane), have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Complexes 1–3 were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Complex 1 shows a 3D six-connected self-penetrating network based on paddlewheel secondary building units. Complex 2 has a 3-fold interpenetrating 3D diamond framework. Complex 3 possesses a 1D tube-like chain. Thermo-gravimetric and magnetic properties of 1–3 were also investigated. - Graphical abstract: Structures and magnetic properties of copper(II) coordination polymers constructed from 5-methoxyisophthalate linker and two flexible N-donor ancillary ligands. Three copper(II) coordination polymers with 5-methoxyisophthalate and two related flexible N-donor ancillary ligands have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Moreover, thermal behaviors and magnetic properties of these complexes have also been investigated. - Highlights: • Three Cu(II) coordination polymers were synthesized. • The conformations of N-donor ligands and pH value have an effect on the final structures. • The magnetic properties of 1–3 have been investigated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Mixed ligand coordination polymers with flexible bis-imidazole linker and angular sulfonyldibenzoate: Crystal structure, photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity

Four ternary coordination polymers (CPs) namely, ([Ni(SDB)(BITMB)(H{sub 2}O)]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (CP1), ([Cd(SDB)(BITMB) (H{sub 2}O)]·(THF)(H{sub 2}O)){sub n} (CP2), ([Zn{sub 2}(SDB){sub 2}(BITMB)]·(THF){sub 2}){sub n} (CP3) and ([Co{sub 2}(SDB){sub 2}(BITMB)]·(Dioxane){sub 3}){sub n} (CP4) composed of angular dicarboxylate SDB (4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoate) and N-donor BITMB (1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl benzene) have been synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and other physico-chemical techniques. CP1 possesses one-dimensional ribbon type metal–organic motifs glued together by H-bonds and π⋯π interactions, whereas CP2–CP4, exhibit non-interpenetrated sql networks supported by weak supramolecular interactions. Structural diversity of these CPs can be attributed to the coordination geometry adopted by the metal nodes, versatile coordination modes of SDB and conformational flexibility of BITMB. Solid state luminescence properties of CP1–CP4 were explored. Photocatalytic performance of all CPs for the decomposition of metanil yellow by dilute hydrogen peroxide in the presence of visible light was also investigated. 25–83% dye removal from aqueous solutions in the presence of CP1–CP4 was observed. - Graphical abstract: Four new ternary transition metal CPs have been hydrothermally prepared and their structural aspects as well as photocatalytic activity for decolourization of metanil yellow (MY) dye have been investigated. - Highlights: • Four ternary coordination polymers containing Ni, Cd, Zn and Co center are prepared. • Crystal structure and thermal stability of all four CPs has been described. • PL and diffuse reflectance spectra of synthesized CPs have also been examined. • Band gap values suggest semiconducting behavior of prepared CPs. • Photocatalytic activity of CPs for oxidative degradation of metanil yellow is studied.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2015

Mercury coordination polymers with flexible ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-(pyridyl-3-carboxylate): Synthesis, structures, thermal and luminescent properties

The reaction of the flexible ligand, ethane-1,2-diyl-bis-(pyridyl-3-carboxylate), (L) with HgI{sub 2} and HgBr{sub 2} salts under the same experimental conditions leads to the formation of two coordination polymers with different motifs: ([Hg(L)(Br{sub 2})]){sub n}(1) and ([Hg(L)(I{sub 2})]){sub n}(2). In both compounds, the ligand, (L) acts in a μ2-N:N′-bidentate fashion to link HgBr{sub 2} and HgI{sub 2} units to form a linear and helical chain motif, along [1 0 0] for (1) and [0 0 1] for (2). The ethylene moiety of (L) has gauche and trans conformation in compounds (1) and (2), respectively. The flexible conformation of L produces differences in the optical and crystal properties of the two compounds. - Graphical abstract: This work demonstrates how the HgX{sub 2} units are coordinates by bi-dentate ligand forming polymeric coordination complexes by self-assembly of both chemical units.- Highlights: • News 1-D d{sup 10} transition metal coordination polymers. • The photoluminescent properties have been measured. • The thermal properties have been measured.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Effects of isomorphous substitution of a coordination polymer on the properties and its application in electrochemical sensing

This work concerns the isomorphous substitution of coordination polymers (CPs) and its effect on the optical and electrochemical properties. The application of CPs in electrochemical sensing was studied as well. Isomorphous coordination polymers, [Co{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}tyr]{sub n} (tyr=L-tyrosine), where x (0–1) was controlled by the Co/Zn ratios of raw materials, were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method, as proved by XRD and EDS results. Their UV–vis DRS and fluorescence spectra change gradually along with the composition. Cyclic voltammograms of modified electrodes, [Co{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}tyr]{sub n}/GCE, show that as more and more Zn replaced Co, the current signal decreases greatly and the potential shifts negatively. Much attention was paid to [Cotyr]{sub n} due to its highest sensitivity. Refreshable modified carbon paste electrode, [Cotyr]{sub n}-CPE, was used to determine nitrite, and showed pretty good performance as evidenced by chronoamperometry. The response was made very fast within mere 5 s. The linear detection range was from 5.00×10{sup −5} to 3.45×10{sup −3} M, with sensitivity of 263.4 mA mol{sup −1} L cm{sup −2}. The detection limit was found to be 2.00×10{sup −5} M. The sensor also showed good antiinterference and reproducibility. - Graphical abstract: Evolution of the optical and electrochemical properties of isomorphic coordination polymers [Co{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}tyr]{sub n} along with the changing of x was studied. The CP also showed perfect performance in the electrochemical determination of nitrite. - Highlights: • Isomorphous substitution of coordination polymers (CPs). • Substitution-caused evolution of optical and electrochemical properties of CPs. • Application of CPs in electrochemical sensing, an incipient area. • Perfect performance of CPs in electrochemical determination of nitrite.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Variations of structures and solid-state conductivity of isomeric silver(I) coordination polymers having linear and V-shaped thiophene-centered ditriazole ligands

A pair of new linear and V-shaped acceptor–donor–acceptor (A−D−A) thiophene-centered ditriazole structural isomers, i.e., 2,5-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiophene (L{sup 1}) and 3,4-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)thiophene (L{sup 2}), has been synthesized and characterized. They are used as μ{sub 2}-bridging ligands to prepare a pair of silver(I) coordination polymers formulated as [Ag(L{sup 1})(NO{sub 3})]{sub n} (1) and [Ag(L{sup 2})(NO{sub 3})]{sub n} (2), which are also structural isomers at the supramolecular level. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses for 1 and 2 reveal that they exhibit the same one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers but different structural architectures because of the distinguishable shape and configuration of isomeric ligands (L{sup 1} and L{sup 2}) and the alterations of the coordination numbers. More interestingly, compared with the free ligands, 1D silver(I) polymeric isomers 1 and 2 show significant enhancement of solid-state conductivity to different extents (1.42×10{sup 4} and 2.17×10{sup 3} times), where 6.96 times' enhancement of solid-state conductivity from 1 to 2 has been observed. The formation of Ag–N coordinative bonds and the configurational discrepancy of L{sup 1} and L{sup 2} are believed to play important roles in facilitating the electron transport between molecules, which can also be supported by Density Function Theory calculations of their band gaps. - Graphical abstract: A pair of linear and V-shaped isomeric thiophene-centered ditriazole ligands (L{sup 1}) and L{sup 2} are used to prepare a pair of silver(I) polymeric isomers (1 and 2), where significant enhancement of solid-state conductivity to different extents are observed originating from the distinguishable shape and configuration of isomeric ligands. - Highlights: • A pair of linear and V-shaped thiophene-centered ditriazole structural isomers is prepared. • They are used as µ{sub 2}-bridging ligands to prepare a pair of silver(I) polymeric isomers. • Significant enhancement of solid-state conductivity is observed for each polymeric isomer.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Lanthanide coordination polymers: Synthesis, diverse structure and luminescence properties

The new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand incorporating furfurysalicylamide terminal groups, namely, 1,4-bis([(2′-furfurylaminoformyl)phenoxyl]methyl)-2,5-bismethylbenzene (L) was synthesized and used as building blocks for constructing lanthanide coordination polymers with luminescent properties. The series of lanthanide nitrate complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The semirigid ligand L, as a bridging ligand, reacts with lanthanide nitrates forming three distinct structure types: chiral noninterpenetrated two-dimensional (2D) honeycomblike (6,3) (hcb, Schläfli symbol 6{sup 3}, vertex symbol 6 6 6) topological network as type I, 1D zigzag chain as type II and 1D trapezoid ladder-like chain as type III. The structural diversities indicate that lanthanide contraction effect played significant roles in the structural self-assembled process. The luminescent properties of Eu{sup III}, Tb{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes are discussed in detail. Due to the good match between the lowest triplet state of the ligand and the resonant energy level of the lanthanide ion, the lanthanide ions in Eu{sup III}, Tb{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes can be efficiently sensitized by the ligand. - Graphical abstract: We present herein six lanthanide coordination polymers of a new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand which not only display diverse structures but also possess strong luminescence properties. - Highlights: • We present lanthanide coordination polymers of a new semirigid exo-bidentate ligand. • The lanthanide coordination polymers exhibit diverse structures. • The luminescent properties of Tb{sup III}, Eu{sup III} and Dy{sup III} complexes are discussed in detail.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2014

Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of four coordination polymers based on nitrobenzene dicarboxylate and various N-donor coligands

Four new coordination polymers ([Ni(4-Nbdc)(bpa)(H{sub 2}O)]){sub n} (1), ([Co(4-Nbdc)(bpp) (H{sub 2}O)]){sub n} (2), ([Ni(4-Nbdc)(bpp)(H{sub 2}O)]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (3), and ([Mn{sub 2}(3-Nbdc){sub 2}(bib){sub 3}]·2H{sub 2}O){sub n} (4) (4-Nbdc=4-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 3-Nbdc=3-nitrobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, bpa=1,2-bi(4-pyridyl)ethane, bpp=1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane, and bib=1,4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene), were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, elemental analysis, FT-IR, PXRD, TGA and magnetic analysis. Complexes 1 and 2 display quasi-trapezoidal chain and brick-wall layer, and both of them contain metal–carboxylate binuclear units. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibit three-dimensional frameworks with the (6{sup 6}) dia topology and (4{sup 4}.6{sup 10}.8)(4{sup 4}.6{sup 2}) fsc topology, and both of them contain metal–carboxylate chains. The carboxyl groups with syn-anti coordination mode mediate effectively the weak ferromagnetic coupling interaction within Ni(II)–carboxylate binuclear in 1 (J=1.27 cm{sup −1}) and Ni(II)–carboxylate chain in 3 (J=1.44 cm{sup −1}), respectively, and the carboxyl groups with anti-anti coordination mode leads to the classic antiferromagnetic coupling interaction within Mn(II)–carboxylate chain in 4 (J=−0.77 cm{sup −1}). - Highlights: • Four novel coordination polymers were hydrothermally synthesized. • 1 is 1D quasi-trapezoidal chain and 2 is brick-wall layer both with dinuclear units. • 3 and 4 show 3D frameworks both with 1D metal–carboxylate chains. • 1 and 3 exhibit ferromagnetic coupling, while 4 shows antiferromagnetic coupling.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2015

A novel second-order non-linear optical coordination polymer with three-fold interpenetrated CdSO{sub 4}-type network constructed by carboxylate–sulfonate ligands and strontium ions

A novel strontium carboxylate–sulfonate coordination polymer, [Sr(HSIP)(H{sub 2}O){sub 3}]{sub n·}nH{sub 2}O (1) (NaH{sub 2}SIP=5-sulfoisophthalic monosodium salt) has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. It was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. Each strontium atom is eight-coordinate with a distorted bicapped trigonal prismatic arrangement. The whole HSIP{sup 2−} ligand acts as a η{sup 5}μ{sup 4} bridge to generate three-fold interpenetrated CdSO{sub 4}-type network structure, which is constructed from the left- and right-handed helixes paralleled to each other bridged by the HSIP{sup 2−} ligands. The luminescence spectrum indicates an emission maximum at 459 nm. Compound 1 shows a second harmonic generation (SHG) response that is 4 times that of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. - Graphical abstract: The whole HSIP{sup 2−} ligands act as η{sup 5}μ{sup 4} bridges with strontium ions, and the strontium ion is eight-coordinated, showing a distorted bicapped trigonal prism geometry. - Highlights: • A novel coordination polymer with a CdSO{sub 4}-type network structure was synthesized. • It shows a second harmonic generation response that is 4 times that of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}. • It is constructed from the helixes paralleled to each other.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2016

Honeycomb-shaped coordination polymers based on the self-assembly of long flexible ligands and alkaline-earth ions

Two novel coordination polymers, namely, [Ca(NCP){sub 2}]{sub ∞} (I) and [Sr(NCP){sub 2}]{sub ∞} (II) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions based on 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazo(4,5-f)-(1,10)phenanthroline (HNCP) and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Findings indicate that I and II are isomorphous and isostructural, containing the unit of M(NCP{sup −}){sub 4} (M=Ca(II) and Sr(II)), based on which to assemble into three-dimensional (3D) porous 4-fold interpenetration honeycomb-shaped neutral coordination polymers (CPs). Between the adjacent lamellar structures in I and II, there exist π–π interactions between the pyridine rings belonging to phenanthroline of NCP{sup −} which stabilize the frameworks. Both I and II display stronger fluorescence emissions as well as high thermal stability. - Graphical abstract: One-dimensional nanotubular channels with the cross dimension of 37.1959(20)×23.6141(11)Å{sup 2} in the three-dimensional honeycomb-shaped coordination network of II are observed. The topological analysis of II indicates that there exists a typical diamond framework possessing large adamantanoid cages, which containing four cyclohexane-shaped patterns in chair conformations. - Highlights: • Two isomorphous and isostructural coordination polymers based on flexible ligand and two alkaline-earth metal salts have been synthesized and characterized. • Structural analysis indicates that I and II are assembled into 3D porous honeycomb-shaped metal-organic frameworks. • Both I and II display stronger fluorescence emissions and higher thermal stability.

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