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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Material Control and Accounting Regulatory and Technical Considerations for Microreactors

New microreactors must comply with the Material Control and Accounting (MC&A) regulations in 10CFR74. The objective of MC&A is to verify that the nuclear material is not stolen or diverted to unauthorized users. Microreactors have unique features which pose new challenges to addressing these regulations. This work considers general approaches and methods for microreactor MC&A based on the reactor life cycles which have been proposed by microreactor vendors. One key aspect of MC&A is measurement of the nuclear material. Measurement of microreactor fuel could be especially important because the cores may be sealed for up to 20 years, preventing direct visual confirmation. Measurements could also be especially challenging due to the thick shielding designed around microreactors. This work evaluates a range of techniques used in medical, industrial, and nuclear fields. The cost, time, and performance of the techniques were estimated. Finally, for a promising technique of using in-core neutron detectors, the feasibility was analyzed in detail.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Design Considerations for Fermilab Multi-MW Proton Facility in the DUNE/LBNF era

Fermilab has submitted two Snowmass whitepapers on a future 2.4~MW upgrade for DUNE/LBNF featuring a 2 GeV extension of the PIP-II linac and the construction of a new rapid-cycling-synchrotron. This paper summarizes the relationship between these two scenarios, emphasizing the commonalities and tracing the differences to their original design questions. In addition to a high-level summary of the two 2.4~MW upgrade scenarios, there is a brief discussion of staging, beamline capabilities, subsequent upgrades, and relevant R&D. We are proposing a vigorous program to address various challenges associated with each scenario and to down-select the concept, most suitable to provide proton beams for years to come.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Considerations for Department of Defense Implementation of Zero-Emission Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure

This guide provides a roadmap to comply with Executive Order (EO) 14057 requirements and transition to a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) fleet efficiently and quickly. EO 14057 on Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability requires the Department of Defense (DoD) to transition its non-tactical vehicles to a 100% ZEV fleet, including 100% of light-duty acquisitions by 2027 and 100% of medium- and heavy-duty acquisitions by 2035. The report covers planning for ZEVs and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders in designing EVSE, and execution issues including acquisition, installation, and ongoing fleet management.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Initial Considerations for Large-Scale Carbon Removal in the United States

The Biden Administration has established a goal of removing 1 Gt carbon dioxide equivalents per year (CO 2e /yr) from the atmosphere and of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 2050. Our team of leading academic and DOE national laboratory experts is conducting the first economy-wide technical evaluation of the options for achieving this carbon dioxide removal (CDR) goal. The net zero goal includes targets of 100% clean electricity by 2035 with 40% GHG emissions reductions by 2030, which helps set primary scenario boundaries for our analysis of the CDR supply curve. Our analysis will evaluate feasibility, performance, and costs on a county level for the entire USA (including AK and HI where possible), considering all removal methods that are currently well-enough developed for us to estimate the likely costs in 2050. We anticipate that more than 1 Gt CO 2e of removal will be available to the Nation. We will identify how much of each CO 2 removal approach is available in specific regions of the Nation and provide cumulative costs and volumes (a supply curve) by region for 2050. We expect to complete this detailed analysis by late 2023.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Regulators’ Energy Transition Primer: Economic Impacts of the Energy Transition on Energy Communities, Environmental Justice Considerations, and Implications on Clean Energy Jobs

Applications of new technology, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, enabled the United States to significantly increase its production of oil and natural gas during the last decade—the “Shale Gas Revolution.” As natural gas began to dominate the market with abundant supply and low prices, coal production and consumption have declined. Concurrently, the competitiveness of renewable energy and energy storage has climbed sharply, and analysts expect to see continued reductions in fossil fuel use in the coming decades. Many of these changes have been driven by market forces (i.e., low-cost natural gas and renewables), but current and future policy decisions aimed at tackling climate change concerns and reducing greenhouse gas emissions will also shape the future of the energy sector. This transition to low-carbon fuels has created both opportunities for clean energy technologies and challenges for communities traditionally dependent on fossil fuel-related industries. The power sector’s ongoing shift away from coal has left many coal miners and coal-fired power plant employees unemployed and often unprepared for jobs in other industries, including growing clean energy fields. This primer focuses on the declining coal industry, impacts on communities and workers, opportunities to transition workers who have lost their jobs to clean energy and other related sectors (including hydrogen-oriented jobs), recruitment and training strategies, and available programs and actions to make the shift to a low-carbon economy in a fair, just, and equitable manner by engaging the resources of federal and state governments, as well as the private sector.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Increasing Access to Grid-Tied Distributed Photovoltaics for Low-Income Populations: Considerations for Developing Countries

Governments around the world are under immense pressure to promote inclusive economic growth, reduce budget deficits, and promote sustainable development goals. Such goals may potentially be addressed through public policy approaches to encourage the use of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) systems in developing countries, particularly among low-income electricity customers. At the same time, low-income customers face numerous barriers to DPV deployment including a lack of access to capital and financing, a lack of awareness about the technology, lack of homeownership, and distorted price signals via lower retail tariffs. As a result of these factors, among others, they are often the least likely customers in developed and developing countries alike to deploy solar. However, under the right set of conditions, low-income grid tied DPV programs can offer beneficial outcomes for governments, customers, utilities, and the environment. This brief informs decision makers in developing countries as they explore ways to promote equitable access to solar energy in their communities.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Considerations of Radiation-Hardened Electronics for Alpha Detectors in Molten Salt Reactors

Along with advanced generations of reactors quickly becoming reality, the need for instrumentation to provide reliable information for their safety and operation is also becoming relevant. Instrumentation-wise, molten salt reactors (MSRs) represent an especially challenging case in which detectors must survive extreme temperatures, high amounts of radiation, and a highly corrosive coolant. Adding to the complexity, tight material control and accounting must be maintained with any special nuclear material (SNM), a practice made more difficult by the nature of a loop of flowing fuel. Alpha spectroscopy offers a unique window into investigating the isotopic concentrations of actinides within just such a molten salt environment. The characteristic α emissions of specific actinide isotopes in the salt enable quantification of their concentrations. Semiconductor devices based on wide bandgap materials such as silicon carbide and gallium oxide can withstand the extreme temperatures within MSRs and offer good chemical stability with the corrosive salt. Collaborators at The Ohio State University are fabricating and testing a β gallium oxide α particle sensor that could identify actinide concentrations within the fuel salt to help improve the material control and accounting required for complicated system inherent to MSRs.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Spiner vs EOSPAC6: capabilities, performance, and accuracy considerations

The Cross-Cutting Capabilities Project (XCAP) has significant interest in collecting and implementing a common set of libraries to be used across the various production hydro-codes at LANL. A common set of libraries will help facilitate comparisons between codes. In addition to minimizing variables for comparisons and physics validation, efforts toward optimization and porting of packages for future architectures will be more efficient. As part of this push Singularity is being considered as an inclusive materials interface library. One crucial part of this library is the importing, inverting, and interpolation of equation of state (EOS) data. Currently the Lagrangian Applications Project (LAP) and Safety Applications Project (SAP) are using EOSPAC6 for delivery EOS data. The Eulerian Applications Project (EAP) has historically used TEOS and more recently an implementation of Singularly via a package called Spiner for EOS interpolation. Singularity currently has the option of using several analytical EOS models, directly employing SESAME via Spiner, or directly using SESAME via EOSPAC6 (not optimized yet). Assuming Singularity moves forward as a common platform for the implementation of materials models, a decision will need to be made on which EOS interpolation package XCAP should move forward with, given resources and people are finite. We will attempt to address pros and cons of Spiner and EOSPAC6 and the trade-offs that should be considered during the decision making process. This report is intended as an ASC-PEM-EOS perspective on what is needed in an EOS interpolation package. Performance and Accuracy sections will mostly address data from comparison studies in LA-UR-22-22699.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗