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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling to Support Dose Selection: Report of an FDA Public Workshop on PBPK: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Support Dose Selection

A workshop entitled “Application of Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling to Support Dose Selection” was hosted on March 10, 2014 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at its White Oak Campus in Silver Spring, MD.1 The workshop endeavored to (i) assess the current state of knowledge in the application of PBPK in regulatory decision-making, and (ii) share and discuss best practices in the use of PBPK modeling to inform dose selection in specific patient populations. The conference benefited from strong and diverse participation from the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) leaders, European Medicine Agency (EMA) delegates, and pharmaceutical industry and academia representatives. The workshop commenced with plenary presentations by speakers from the FDA, industry, and academia. In the two panel sessions, detailed questions on the current status and future applications of PBPK in drug development and regulatory decisions were discussed. An important focus of the dialog was the need to better define what constitutes a credible physiological system and the evidentiary standards needed for using such a system in making regulatory decisions. This report provides a content summary of the workshop, based on plenary presentations and panel session transcripts posted on the FDA’s website.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Albedo Data Sets for Bifacial PV Systems

For use by the PV and financial communities to better estimate the performance and to reduce the risk of bifacial PV systems, data sets of ground albedo and associated meteorological data were developed by using existing measurement network data and data contributed by the PV industry. The data sets include time-series data as well as summary information of tabular monthly and yearly data and plots of monthly and hourly albedo values. Complete information is presented in a user's guide and data are available for download from NREL's DuraMAT website.

albedo↗
NASA NTRS2012

Shuttle Transportation System Case-Study Development

A case-study collection was developed for NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Using lessons learned and documented by NASA KSC engineers, analysts, and contractors, decades of information related to processing and launching the Space Shuttle was gathered into a single database. The goal was to provide educators with an alternative means to teach real-world engineering processes and to enhance critical thinking, decision making, and problem solving skills. Suggested formats were created to assist both external educators and internal NASA employees to develop and contribute their own case-study reports to share with other educators and students. Via group project, class discussion, or open-ended research format, students will be introduced to the unique decision making process related to Shuttle missions and development. Teaching notes, images, and related documents will be made accessible to the public for presentation of Space Shuttle reports. Lessons investigated included the engine cutoff (ECO) sensor anomaly which occurred during mission STS-114. Students will be presented with general mission infom1ation as well as an explanation of ECO sensors. The project will conclude with the design of a website that allows for distribution of information to the public as well as case-study report submissions from other educators online.

Ransom, Khadijah↗
DOE OSTI2020

Albedo Data for Bifacial PV Systems Update

For use by the PV and financial communities to better estimate the performance and to reduce the risk of bifacial PV systems, data sets of ground albedo and associated meteorological data were developed by using existing measurement network data and data contributed by the PV industry. The data sets include time-series data as well as summary information of tabular monthly and yearly data and plots of monthly and hourly albedo values. Complete information is presented in a user’s guide and data are available for download from NREL’s DuraMAT website.

albedo↗
DOE OSTI2020

Albedo Data Sets for Bifacial PV Systems: Preprint

For use by the PV and financial communities to better estimate the performance and to reduce the risk of bifacial PV systems, data sets of ground albedo and associated meteorological data were developed by using existing measurement network data and data contributed by the PV industry. The data sets include time-series data as well as summary information of tabular monthly and yearly data and plots of monthly and hourly albedo values. Complete information is presented in a user’s guide and data are available for download from NREL’s DuraMAT website.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗
DOE OSTI2021

Smart Semi-Supervised Accumulation of Large Repositories for Industrial Control Systems Device Information

Industrial Control Systems device manufacturers frequently add new features to improve their product performance. Oftentimes, these changes are mainly vendor-driven initiatives, and customers may not be aware of the full impact of these new capabilities on their cybersecurity posture. In the energy sector, this can lead to considerable dissonance between vendor-provided cybersecurity claims and a customer’s responsibility for Operation Technology cybersecurity compliance. Thus, the resulting dynamic verification burden is shifted towards the customer and may pose a significant cybersecurity risk to the energy sector landscape. We found that there is very limited research into cybersecurity auditing for Operational Technology. However, a solution is needed for vetting the vendor-supplied feature claims and their adherence to cybersecurity requirements and standards. We are presently engaged in an effort to develop such a system. This paper demonstrates one vital aspect of this effort in proposing an end-to-end framework to accumulate a large repository of ICS device information for this vetting system, curate the dataset, and conduct extensive processing. This framework is designed to use web scraping, data analytics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify vendor websites, automate the collection of website-accessible documents and automatically derive metadata from them for identification of product documents relevant to the repository. We have found that this automated approach to vendor identification, document extraction into a product repository, and NLP pre-processing is unique and has not been previously presented in the literature. The preliminary work shows that this is feasible and can produce reliable results with minimum supervision. Future work will be built upon this foundation in order to achieve semi-supervised vetting of device technical information – a vital capability for ensuring that vendor-claimed device cybersecurity capabilities match industry requirements.

Ameri, Kimia↗
DOE OSTI2024

Infrastructure improvements in the National Reactor Innovation Center Virtual Test Bed

The National Reactor Innovation Center’s (NRIC) mission is to support deployment of novel reactor concepts. This is achieved by providing physical and virtual spaces for building and testing various components, systems, and complete pilot plants. The Virtual Test Bed (VTB) represents the virtual counterpart to the physical test bed. The VTB is being developed in collaboration with the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. The mission of the VTB is to accelerate the deployment and licensing of advanced reactors by leveraging state-of-the-art modeling and simulation (M&S) tools developed by the DOE NEAMS program. This is accomplished via three primary means: (1) openly hosting simulations that showcase analysis capabilities, (2) continuously testing the models hosted against code updates to avoid deprecation, and (3) filling key M&S gaps that are relevant for the physical NRIC test beds. The VTB repository consists of two sub-entities: • A documentation website detailing the models: https://mooseframework.inl.gov/virtual_test_bed • A GitHub repository that hosts the corresponding files: https://github.com/idaholab/virtual_test_bed. This paper presents the infrastructure added to the VTB in the last two fiscal years. Additional information about the VTB can be found in various publications [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

HDEV Depot Load Profile Generation Code (Code to Generate Heavy-Duty Electric Truck Depot Load Profiles) [SWR-21-72]

Code developed to generate heavy-duty electric truck depot load profiles for the study, "Heavy-Duty Truck Electrification and the Impacts of Depot Charging on Electricity Distribution Systems", by Borlaug et al., published in 2021. This software is provided as-is without dedicated support. The programming environment for this study may be reproduced with conda (installed via the Anaconda website): conda env create -f environment.yml To activate the environment: conda activate hdev-depot-charging-2021

Borlaug, Brennan↗
DOE OSTI2022

CMinx: A CMake Documentation Generator

This manuscript introduces CMinx, a program for generating application programming interface (API) documentation written in the CMake language, and CMake modules in particular. Since most of CMinx’s intended audience is comprised of C/C++ developers, CMinx is designed to operate similar to Doxygen, the de facto C/C++ API documentation tool. Specifically, developers annotate their CMake source with “documentation” comments, which are traditional CMake block comments starting with an extra “[” character. The documentation comments, written in reST, describe to the reader how the functions, parameters, and variables should be used. Running CMinx on the annotated source code generates reST files containing the API documentation. The reST files can then be converted into static websites with tools such as Sphinx or easily converted to another format via Pandoc.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Improved Modeling Tools Development for High Penetration Solar

One of the significant objectives of the High Penetration solar research is to help the DOE understand, anticipate, and minimize grid operation impacts as more solar resources are added to the electric power system. For Task 2.2, an effective, reliable approach to predicting solar energy availability for energy generation forecasts using the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Sky Imager technology has been demonstrated. Granular cloud and ramp forecasts for the next 5 to 20 minutes over an area of 10 square miles were developed. Sky images taken every 30 seconds are processed to determine cloud locations and cloud motion vectors yielding future cloud shadow locations respective to distributed generation or utility solar power plants in the area. The performance of the method depends on cloud characteristics. On days with more advective cloud conditions, the developed method outperforms persistence forecasts by up to 30% (based on mean absolute error). On days with dynamic conditions, the method performs worse than persistence. Sky Imagers hold promise for ramp forecasting and ramp mitigation in conjunction with inverter controls and energy storage. The pre-commercial Sky Imager solar forecasting algorithm was documented with licensing information and was a Sunshot website highlight.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Status of New Models Hosted on the Virtual Test Bed (VTB) in 2024

The National Reactor Innovation Center (NRIC) mission is to support deployment of novel reactor concepts. This is achieved by providing physical and virtual spaces for building and testing various components, systems, and complete pilot plants. The Virtual Test Bed (VTB) represents the virtual counterpart to the physical test bed. It is in development in collaboration with the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. The mission of the VTB is to accelerate the deployment and licensing of advanced reactors by leveraging state-of-the-art modeling and simulation (M&S) tools developed by the DOE NEAMS program. This is accomplished by three primary means: (1) openly hosting simulations that showcase analysis capabilities, (2) continuously testing the models hosted against code updates to avoid deprecation, and (3) filling key M&S gaps that are relevant for the physical NRIC test beds. The VTB repository consists of two sub-entities: 1. A documentation website detailing the models (https://mooseframework.inl.gov/virtual_test_bed). 2. A GitHub repository that hosts the corresponding files (https://github.com/idaholab/virtual_test_bed). Previous documentation on the models hosted in the VTB can be found in [1,2,3,4]. These references also include additional background information on the various NEAMS codes showcased in the VTB (which is omitted here for brevity). This paper primarily provides a status update of the most recent additions to the repository.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Technical Report: Amicus O&M Cooperative

Despite the maturation of the broader solar PV industry, the operations and maintenance (O&M) market segment is still relatively under developed. The lack of industry coherence jeopardizes the long-term performance of multiple gigawatts of installed capacity, and thus, the legitimacy of solar PV as a dependable source of electricity generation in the U.S. To address these challenges, the project team formed a new company, the Amicus Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Cooperative, whose mission is to ensure that solar PV fulfills its promise as a responsible and reliable energy source, for generations to come. Amicus O&M Cooperative created solutions to the market gaps by establishing a consistent level of O&M service offerings; standardizing scopes of work and legal agreements; training and certifying technicians; minimizing transaction costs for asset owners; and mitigating risk by creating redundancy in the companies who are able to perform work to these standards. We attracted double the number of member-companies originally forecast (goal: 10, actual: 20), broadening the reach of the service area, minimizing travel costs, and reducing response times for O&M services. We built a professional website and a software platform for managing work orders. Lastly, we have established multiple channels for communication among members, including monthly calls for sales topics and for technical/operational topics, an intranet for announcements/ questions/articles, and regular in-person meetings in association with the meetings of our sister cooperative, Amicus Solar. Throughout the project, participants sought feedback, input, and insights from stakeholders in the O&M market segment, including current and potential member-companies and potential clients. The problem statement above was confirmed many times over, with additional insight on the need for more workforce development, driving efficiency and lowering cost through better data analysis and remote diagnostics, and finding ways to reduce the cost of secondary and ancillary services as well (including items such as vegetation management and module cleaning). For solar to maintain its status as a reliable energy source – and for it to continue attracting investment – it must perform to expectation. This is where solar PV O&M technicians come into play. The cooperative helps them perform their work more cost effectively by streamlining “soft costs” including legal costs and work management, as well as reducing travel time and expenses. The new cooperative has demonstrated significant price reductions for O&M services relative to reported industry averages, which benefits clients directly and the public indirectly through cleaner air, economic development, and job growth.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

A Multicomponent Blend as a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for Compression Ignition Engine Applications

A mixture of n-dodecane and m-xylene is investigated as a diesel fuel surrogate for compression ignition engine applications. Compared to neat n-dodecane, this binary mixture is more representative of diesel fuel because it contains an alkyl-benzene which represents an important chemical class present in diesel fuels. A detailed multi-component mechanism for n-dodecane and m-xylene was developed by combining a previously developed n-dodecane mechanism with a recently developed mechanism for xylenes. The xylene mechanism is shown to reproduce experimental ignition data from a rapid compression machine and shock tube, speciation data from the jet stirred reactor and flame speed data. This combined mechanism was validated by comparing predictions from the model with experimental data for ignition in shock tubes and for reactivity in a flow reactor. The combined mechanism, consisting of 2885 species and 11754 reactions, was reduced to a skeletal mechanism consisting 163 species and 887 reactions for 3D diesel engine simulations. The mechanism reduction was performed using directed relation graph (DRG) with expert knowledge (DRG-X) and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA) at a fixed fuel composition of 77% of n-dodecane and 23% m-xylene by volume. The sample space for the reduction covered pressure of 1 – 80 bar, equivalence ratio of 0.5 – 2.0, and initial temperature of 700 – 1600 K for ignition. The skeletal mechanism was compared with the detailed mechanism for ignition and flow reactor predictions. Finally, the skeletal mechanism was validated against a spray flame dataset under diesel engine conditions documented on the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) website. These multidimensional simulations were performed using a Representative Interactive Flame (RIF) turbulent combustion model. In conclusion, encouraging results were obtained compared to the experiments with regards to the predictions of ignition delay and lift-off length at different ambient temperatures.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2022

MCNP6.3: A Year in Review [Slides]

This presentation discusses the past year and the many accomplishments of the MCNP6.3 team. It states that the MCNP6.3 release is imminent and that the approved, final documents have been making their way to the website. The code executables and source are already packaged up for distribution and the new installer is being finalized and tested now, for all platforms. The package will be sent to RSICC before the end of October 2022. Additionally, the presentation discusses some things to think about as MCNP6.3 is requested and/or used. For example, many of the recent efforts have been focused on making development, updates, and distribution of the code and documents more robust and streamlined. They will be revising/updating documents more frequently than ever before and they will be exploring avenues to distribute official patches to MCNP6.3. As they explain, this allows them to be more responsive to bugs and issues that are identified. In conclusion, the application of a patch to MCNP6.3 will require having the source code.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
NASA NTRS2003

A New Time-dependent Model for the Martian Radiation Environment

Manned space activities have been until present time limited to the near-Earth environment, most of them to low Earth orbit (LEO) scenarios, with only some of the Apollo missions targeted to the Moon. In current times most human exploration and development of space (HEDS) activities are related to the development of the International Space Station (ISS), and therefore take place in the LEO environment. A natural extension of HEDS activities will be going beyond LEO, and reach asteroids, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the Kuiper belt and the outskirts of the Solar System. Such long journeys onboard spacecraft outside the protective umbrella of the geomagnetic field will require higher levels of protection from the radiation environment found in the deep space for both astronauts and equipment. So, it is important to have available a tool for radiation shielding which takes into account the radiation environments found all along the interplanetary space and at the different bodies encountered in the Solar System. Moreover, the radiation protection is one of the two NASA highest concerns and priorities. A tool integrating different radiation environments with shielding computation techniques especially tailored for deep space mission scenario is instrumental in view of this exigency. In view of manned missions targeted to Mars, for which radiation exposure is one of the greatest problems and challenges to be tackled, it is of fundamental importance to have available a tool which allows to know which are the particle flux and spectra at any time at any point of the Martian surface. With this goal in mind, a new model for the radiation environment to be found on the planet Mars due to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) has been developed. Solar modulated primary particles rescaled for Mars conditions are transported within the Martian atmosphere, with temporal properties modeled with variable timescales, down to the surface, with altitude and backscattering patterns taken into account. The tool allows analysis for manned Mars landing missions, as well as planetary science studies, e.g. subsurface water and volatile inventory studies. This Mars environmental model is available through the SIREST website, a project of NASA Langley Research Center.

G De Angelis↗
DOE OSTI2019

US DOE Better Plants Program Energy Treasure Hunt Exchange Toolkit

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Better Buildings, Better Plants Program works with manufacturing companies to improve their facilities’ energy efficiency. By partnering with the program, companies commit to long-term energy efficiency goals, typically 25% energy savings in 10 years. The program provides technical support to help partners obtain their goals and recognizes partners’ outstanding achievements. One of the technical support offerings from the program is the Energy Treasure Hunt Exchange In-Plant Training. The Treasure Hunt Exchange is an adaptation of the Kaizen methodology for energy efficiency originally developed by Toyota. DOE developed the Energy Treasure Hunt Exchange Toolkit to facilitate program partners’ execution of the energy treasure hunt processes. The toolkit covers three phases of an energy treasure hunt for all major energy systems: pump systems, fan systems, process heating systems, process cooling systems, steam systems, compressed air systems, lighting systems, and motor systems. All the tools included in the toolkit can be downloaded from the DOE website. The purpose of this report is to provide Better Plants partners an overview of the toolkit and detailed descriptions of its capabilities.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

SECARB Project Overview Book

In 2003, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) issued awards initiating seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSP) spanning the United States and portions of Canada. Managed by DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the RCSPs currently represent more than 400 state agencies, universities, and private companies, spanning 43 states, three Native American Organizations, and four Canadian provinces. The Southern States Energy Board (SSEB) received an award on October 1, 2003, which established the Board’s overall management and administration of the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership, or SECARB. The geographical region currently includes 13 states and a network of more than 100 stakeholders. The Nation’s leading scientists, university researchers, national laboratories, industrial representatives, environmental organizations, and many others have taken a proactive approach at identifying and characterizing the most promising options for technology deployment and carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization and storage (CCUS) for the Southeast. The results obtained during these injections will be important to the future commercialization of CCUS technologies and the continued use of fossil fuels as a significant energy source in a manner that is environmentally responsible. Each of the six SECARB project locations has been locally coordinated by its own field team. The field teams assume responsibility for the technical scope of work, local education and outreach, permitting, monitoring, verification, and accounting (MVA), and maintaining the validation test’s schedule and budget. Each team contributes new information to the continued characterization of the region. In addition, a task is dedicated to integrating field data and filling gaps in regional characterization data sets. Data and tools developed in the Continued Characterization task are incorporated into a relational database and geographic information system (GIS). All field tests, the continued characterization project, and the cross-cutting functions are designed to support the DOE roadmap by validating technologies and identifying locations throughout the region that could support full-scale CCUS deployment opportunities. Detailed fact sheets for the SECARB projects are available on the SECARB website at www.secarbon.org (see “Projects” tab).

RCSP↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experiences with Porting the FLASH Code to Ookami, an HPE Apollo 80 A64FX Platform

We present initial experiences with running the community simulation code FLASH, developed at the University of Chicago for multi-scale multi-physics applications, on Ookami, a technology testbed featuring the A64FX processor developed by Fujitsu. Our effort focused largely on running FLASH “right out of the box” to see which combinations of compilers and software implementations (e.g. MPI) allowed the code to run with minimal modification. FLASH was one application in a larger effort to deploy Ookami; it served as a test for different versions of newly installed software, and as a cornerstone for the FAQ page of the Ookami website. Here, we report on our results with different compilers and other software, along with our initial scaling results and attempts to utilize the A64FX’s SVE instructions and NUMA architecture. We found that FLASH readily ran with different compilers and MPI implementations, and showed the expected good scaling with no turning. However, more work must be done to fully take advantage of the A64FX’s architectural features and produce a significant speedup for FLASH on Ookami.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗