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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

A study of the effects on mice of smoke and gases from controlled fires in simulated aircraft cabins

Male Swiss albino mice were exposed to the pyrolysis products of two fire-retardant materials, a chlorinated aromatic polyamide and a copolymer of vinylidine fluoride and hexafluoropropene. Comparison tests were made with cotton and a 50/50 cotton-polyester composite. In addition, tests were conducted under the presence of CO, and mice were injected intraperitoneally or intramuscularly with aqueous solutions containing dissolved effluents from the pyrolysis of cotton or of chlorinated aromatic polyamide. Results indicate that unique thermodecomposition products of the polymeric materials are more toxic to mice than are other products from cotton under similar controlled conditions.

Moreci, A. P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Development of lightweight fire retardant, low-smoke, high-strength, thermally stable aircraft floor paneling

Fire resistance mechanical property tests were conducted on sandwich configurations composed of resin-fiberglass laminates bonded with adhesives to Nomex honeycomb core. The test results were compared to proposed and current requirements for aircraft floor panel applications to demonstrate that the fire safety of the airplane could be improved without sacrificing mechanical performance of the aircraft floor panels.

Arnold, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Smoke toxicity methodology

The toxicity of pyrolysis products for aircraft interior materials must be within some reasonable limit. The toxicity of pyrolysis products from five candidate aircraft materials is evaluated. The most important part of this study was to demonstrate that pyrolysis of materials could be controlled and biological endpoints are reproducible.

Dilley, J. V.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Development of fire-resistant, low smoke generating, thermally stable end items for aircraft and spacecraft

A new approach to the problem of flammability by the use of materials obtained from foamy polyimide resins is developed. The ability of these materials to provide fire protection is demonstrated. The development of processes for producing resilient cell foam for use in aircraft seating, thermal acoustical insulation, floor and wall panels, coated glass fabrics, and molded hardware.

Gagliani, J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Development of processes and techniques for molding thermally stable, fire-retardant, low-smoke-emitting polymeric materials

All available newly developed nonmetallic thermally stable polymers were examined for the development of processes and techniques by compression molding, injection molding, or thermoforming cabin interior parts. Efforts were directed toward developing molding techniques of new polymers to economically produce usable nonmetallic molded parts. Data on the flame resistant characteristics of the materials were generated from pilot plant batches. Preliminary information on the molding characteristics of the various thermoplastic materials was obtained by producing actual parts.

Silverman, B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Development of lightweight, fire-retardant, low-smoke, high-strength, thermally stable aircraft floor paneling

Extensive fire resistance and mechanical property tests were conducted on sandwich configurations composed of resin-fiberglass laminates bonded with adhesive to Nomex honeycomb and foam core. The test results were used to select a combination of materials that would improve the fire safety of the airplane without sacrificing mechanical performance of the aircraft floor panels. A test panel is being service evaluated in a commercial aircraft.

Anderson, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Development of fire-resistant, low smoke generating, thermally stable end items for commercial aircraft and spacecraft using a basic polyimide resin

Experimental data pertinent to flexible resilient foams, low density wall panels, high strength floor panels and thermal acoustical insulation are presented. An evaluation of the effect of the heterocyclic diamine component on the compression set of the foams was carried out. Processes and compositions for fabricating wall panels were evaluated. Thermal acoustical polyimide materials were developed to replace conventional glass batting insulation. To reduce the thermal stresses and improve the burn through resistance, cross linked polyimide foams were developed but not evaluated.

Gagliani, J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Fire and smoke retardant materials development

The research to provide a mechanism for dissipation of impact energy in filled polymers by using fillers with a low modulus coating is reported which will dissipate energy through shearing and crazing instead of fracture. The approach offers the advantages of low cost, low toxicity, and applicability to various resins.

Mueller, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1979

High speed smoke flow visualization for the determination of cascade shock losses

A flow visualization technique has been developed by which quantitative cascade shock loss data can be ascertained without the interference effects of intrusive probes. The technique is first proven feasible by studying the high speed wind tunnel flow around a variety of two-dimensional shapes. Applicability is demonstrated by the testing of a 5% thick sharp-edged flat plate cascade at an upstream Mach number of about 1.3. Results are compared with the relevant theory and total pressure probe data.

Slovisky, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Development of fire-resistant, low smoke generating, thermally stable end items for commercial aircraft and spacecraft using a basic polyimide resin

A terpolyimide precursor was developed which can be foamed by microwave methods and yields foams possessing the best seating properties. A continuous process, based on spray drying techniques, permits production of polyimide powder precursors in large quantities. The constrained rise foaming process permits fabrication of rigid foam panels with improved mechanical properties and almost unlimited density characteristics. Polyimide foam core rigid panels were produced by this technique with woven fiberglass fabric bonded to each side of the panel in a one step microwave process. The fire resistance of polyimide foams was significantly improved by the addition of ceramic fibers to the powder precursors. Foams produced from these compositions are flexible, possess good acoustical attenuation and meet the minimum burnthrough requirements when impinged by high flux flame sources.

Gagliani, J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Characteristics of smoke emissions from biomass fires of the Amazon region - BASE-A experiment

The Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment-Amazonia was designed for study of both aerosol and gaseous emissions from fires using an airborne sampling platform. The emission factors for combustion products from four fires suggest that the proportion of carbon released in the form of CO2 is higher than for fires of logging which has been burned in the western U.S. Combustion efficiency was of the order of 97 percent for the Amazonian test fire and 86-94 percent for deforestation fires. The inorganic content of particles from tropical fires are noted to be different from those of fires in the U.S.

Ward, Darold E.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Smoke and fire characteristics for cerrado and deforestation burns in Brazil - BASE-B experiment

Five test fires were performed during August and September 1990 in the cerrado (savannalike region) in central Brazil (three fires) and tropical moist forest (two fires) in the eastern Amazon. This paper details the gases released, the ratios of the gases to each other and to particulate matter, fuel loads, and the fraction consumed (combustion factors), and the fire behavior associated with biomass consumption. Models are presented for evaluating emission factors for CH4, CO2, CO, H2, and particles less than 2.5 micron diam (PM2.5) as a function of combustion efficiency. The ratio of carbon released as CO2 (combustion efficiency) for the cerrado fires averaged 0.94 and for the deforestation fires it decreased from 0.88 for the flaming phase to less than 0.80 during the smoldering phase of combustion. For tropical ecosystems, emissions of most products of incomplete combustion are projected to be lower than previous estimates for savanna ecosystems and somewhat higher for fires used for deforestation purposes.

Ward, D. E.↗