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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy Versus Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Breast Cancer

Simple intensity modulation of radiation therapy reduces acute toxicity compared with 2-dimensional techniques in adjuvant breast cancer treatment, but it remains unknown whether more complex or inverse-planned intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) offers an advantage over forward-planned, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Gantry-Based 5-Fraction Elective Nodal Irradiation in Unfavorable-Risk Prostate Cancer: Outcomes From 2 Prospective Studies Comparing SABR Boost With MR Dose-Painted HDR Brachytherapy Boost

Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Care Ontario recommend brachytherapy boost for patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk prostate cancer. SABR is an emerging technique for prostate cancer, but its use in high-risk disease is limited. Efficacy, toxic effects, and quality of life (QoL) were compared in patients treated on 2 prospective protocols that used SABR boost or magnetic resonance–guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost with 6 to 18 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: Financial Risk and Expenditures in the United States, 2008 to 2017

Rising cancer care expenditures and technological advancement of shorter radiation therapy regimens have drawn significant attention to the use of hypofractionated radiation therapy in clinical care. We examine the costs of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) compared with conventional whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) in the United States and investigate the influences of patient characteristics and commercial insurance on HF-WBI use.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Improves Efficacy of Immunotherapy

The tumor microenvironment (TME) can severely impair immunotherapy efficacy by repressing the immune system. In a multiple myeloma (MM) murine model, we investigated the impact of targeted alpha particle therapy (TAT) on the immune TME. TAT was combined with an adoptive cell transfer of CD8 T cells (ACT), and the mechanisms of action of this combination were assessed at the tumor site.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Acute Phase of the Randomized Hypofractionated Irradiation for Prostate Cancer (HYPRO) Trial

Many patients experience bowel and bladder toxicity during the acute phase of radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Recent literature indicates that hypofractionation (HF) might increase this acute response but little is known on patient-reported outcome during this phase with HF. We evaluated the course of patient-reported acute symptoms during HF versus standard fractionated (SF) radiation therapy within the hypofractionated irradiation for prostate cancer (HYPRO) trial.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Geographic Access to Radiation Therapy Facilities in the United States

The current distribution of radiation therapy (RT) facilities in the United States is not well established. A comprehensive inventory of U.S. RT facilities was last assessed in 2005, based on data from state regulatory agencies and dosimetric quality assurance bodies. We updated this database to characterize population-level measures of geographic access to RT and analyze changes over the past 15 years.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Results of a Multi-institutional Phase 2 Clinical Trial for 4DCT-ventilation Functional Avoidance Thoracic Radiation Therapy

Radiation pneumonitis remains a major limitation in the radiation therapy treatment of patients with lung cancer. Functional avoidance radiation therapy uses functional imaging to reduce pulmonary toxic effects by designing radiation therapy plans that reduce doses to functional regions of the lung. Lung functional imaging has been developed that uses 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging to calculate 4DCT-based lung ventilation (4DCT-ventilation). A phase 2 multicenter study was initiated to evaluate 4DCT-ventilation functional avoidance radiation therapy. The study hypothesis was that functional avoidance radiation therapy could reduce the rate of grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis to 12% compared with a 25% historical rate, with the trial being positive if ≤16.4% of patients experienced grade ≥2 pneumonitis.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Association Between Regional Nodal Irradiation and Breast Cancer Recurrence-Free Interval for Patients With Low-Risk, Node-Positive Breast Cancer

Randomized clinical trials have shown that regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in patients with unselected N1 breast cancer improves breast cancer-specific survival. However, the benefit of RNI in women with biologically low-risk N1 breast cancer is uncertain. We conducted a population-based study to determine whether RNI is associated with improved breast cancer recurrence-free interval (BCRFI) in this population.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Association of Short-term Patient-reported Outcomes With Long-term Oncologic Outcomes in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Both oncologic outcomes and patient-reported outcomes are pivotal in prostate cancer (PCa). However, it remains unknown if there is any association between these 2 outcomes. In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the association of short-term changes in patient-reported outcome with long-term event-free survival (EFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in localized PCa.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Variation in Proton Craniospinal Irradiation Practice Patterns in the United States: A Pediatric Proton Consortium Registry (PPCR) Study

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is commonly used for pediatric brain tumors with a propensity for spread in craniospinal fluid, principally medulloblastoma. Evolving technology has led to the use of highly conformal radiation therapy (RT) techniques for CSI, including proton therapy. Target delineation and plan coverage are critical for CSI, but there is ongoing controversy and variability in these realms, with little available data on practice patterns. We sought to characterize proton CSI practice patterns in the United States by examining CSI plans in the Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry (PPCR).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗