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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Lower Emittance Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Using Reverse Bending Magnets

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is pursuing an upgrade to the storage ring to a hybrid seven-bend-achromat design [1]. The nominal design provides a natural emittance of 67 pm [2]. By adding reverse dipole fields to several quadrupoles [3, 4] we can reduce the natural emittance to 41 pm while simultaneously providing more optimal beta functions in the insertion devices and increasing the dispersion function at the chromaticity sextupole magnets. The improved emittance results from a combination of increased energy loss per turn and a change in the damping partition. At the same time, the nonlinear dynamics performance is very similar, thanks in part to increased dispersion in the sextupoles. This paper describes the properties, optimization, and performance of the new lattice.

Borland, M.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Dissipation of Turbulence in the Solar Wind

I will describe the first three-dimensional (3-D) dispersion relations and wavenumber spectra of magnetic turbulence in the solar wind at sub-proton scales. The analysis takes advantage of the short separations of the Cluster spacecraft (d/sim approx.200 km) to apply the {it k}-filtering technique to the frequency range where the transition to sub-proton scales occurs. The dispersion diagrams show unambiguously that the cascade is carried by highly oblique Kinetic Alfven Wave with \omega\leq 0.1\omega_{ci} in the plasma rest frame down to k_\perp\rho_i \sim 2. The wavenumber spectra in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field consists of two ranges of scales separated by a breakpoint in the interval [0.4,1] k_\perp \rho_i. Above the breakpoint, the spectra follow the Kolmogorov scaling k_\perp^{-1.7}, consistent with existing theoretical predictions. Below the breakpoint, the spectra steepen to \sim k_\perp^{-4.5}. We conjecture that the turbulence undergoes a {\it transition-range}, where part of energy is dissipated into proton heating via Landau damping, and the remaining energy cascades down to electron scales where electron Landau damping may predominate.

Goldstein, Melvyn L.↗
DOE OSTI2018

DSP methods for correcting dispersion and pulse width effects during pulsed wire measurements

Measuring a magnetic field by applying electric current to a wire in a magnetic field for a short duration and recording the resulting travelling wave is referred to as the pulsed wire method. This technique is beneficial when other methods for acquiring magnetic field data are not feasible, e.g. small aperture limit of a Hall probe to measure an insertion device, or it can be used as a complement to other techniques. Data collected during pulsed wire measurements require corrections due to dispersion of the travelling wave and averaging effects of the current pulse duration. As a result, a flexible method for correcting dispersion has been developed using all pass digital filtering techniques and deconvolution is used to correct for pulse width averaging. Implementing the correction method is described along with the results of measuring a reference magnet and a 2.4-meter long undulator.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1994

Structure of relativistic shocks in pulsar winds: A model of the wisps in the Crab Nebula

We propose a model of a optical 'wisps' of the Crab Nebula, features observed in the nebular synchrotron surface brightness near the central pulsar, as manifestations of the internal structure of the shock terminating the pulsar wind. We assume that this wind is composed of ions and a much denser plasma of electrons and positrons, frozen together to a toroidal magnetic field and flowing relativistically. We construct a form of solitary wave model of the shock structure in which we self-consistently solve for the ion orbits and the dynamics of the relativistically hot, magnetized e(+/-) background flow. We ignore dispersion in the ion energies, and we treat the pairs as an adiabatic fluid. The synchrotron emission enhancements, observed as the wisps, are then explained as the regions where reflection of the ions in the self-consistent magnetic field causes compressions of the e(+/-).

Gallant, Yves A.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Directed assembly of magnetic and semiconducting nanoparticles with tunable and synergistic functionality

The ability to fabricate new materials using nanomaterials as building blocks, and with meta functionalities, is one of the most intriguing possibilities in the area of materials design and synthesis. Semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are co-dispersed in a liquid crystalline (LC) matrix and directed to form self-similar assemblies by leveraging the host’s thermotropic phase transition. These co-assemblies, comprising 6 nm CdSe/ZnS QDs and 5–20 nm Fe 3 O 4 MNPs, bridge nano- to micron length scales, and can be modulated in situ by applied magnetic fields <250 mT, resulting in an enhancement of QD photoluminescence (PL). This effect is reversible in co-assemblies with 5 and 10 nm MNPs but demonstrates hysteresis in those with 20 nm MNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy reveal that at the nanoscale, while the QDs are densely packed into the center of the co-assemblies, the MNPs are relatively uniformly dispersed through the cluster volume. Using Lorentz TEM, it is observed that MNPs suspended in LC rotate to align with the applied field, which is attributed to be the cause of the observed PL increase at the micro-scale. This study highlights the critical role of correlating multiscale spectroscopy and microscopy characterization in order to clarify how interactions at the nanoscale manifest in microscale functionality.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Use of magnetic carbon composites from renewable resource materials for oil spill clean up and recovery

A method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of mixing a plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture, applying a magnetic force to the mixture to attract the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material, and removing said plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material from said body of water while maintaining the applied magnetic force, wherein the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Investigation of thermal, mechanical and magnetic behaviors of the Cu-11%Al alloy with Ag and Mn additions

The investigation of thermal, mechanical and magnetic behaviors of the Cu-11%Al, Cu-11%Al-3%Ag, Cu-11%Al-10%Mn and Cu-11%Al-10%Mn-3%Ag alloys was made using microhardness measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and magnetic moment change with applied field measurement. The results indicated that the Mn addition changes the phase stability range, the microhardness values and makes undetectable the eutectoid reaction in annealed Cu-11%Al and Cu-11%Al-3%Ag alloys while the presence of Ag does not modify the phase transformation sequence neither microhardness values of the annealed Cu-11%Al and Cu-11%Al-10%Mn alloys, but it increases the magnetic moment of this latter at about 2.7 times and decreases the rates of eutectoid and peritectoid reactions of the former. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The microstructure of Cu-Al alloy is modified in the Ag presence. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer ({alpha} + {gamma}) phase is stabilized down to room temperature when Ag is added to Cu-Al alloy. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ag-rich phase modifies the magnetic characteristics of Cu-Al-Mn alloy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dust magneto-gravitational drift wave in g×B configuration

The dispersion relation of electrostatic waves in a magnetized complex plasma under gravity is presented. It is assumed that the waves propagate perpendicular to the external fields. The effects of weak electric field, neutral drag force, and ion drag force are also taken into account. The dispersion relation is numerically examined in an appropriate parameter space in which the gravity plays the dominant role in the dynamics of magnetized microparticles. The numerical results show that an unstable low frequency drift wave can be developed in the long wavelength limit. This unstable mode is transformed into an aperiodic stationary structure at a cut-off wavenumber. Furthermore, the influence of the external fields on the dispersion properties is analyzed. It is shown that the instability is essentially due to the E×B drift motion of plasma particles. However, in the absence of weak electric field, the g×B drift motion of microparticles can cause the instability in a wide range of wavenumbers. It is also found that by increasing the magnetic field strength, the wave frequency is first increased and then decreased. This behaviour is explained by the existence of an extremum point in the dust magneto-gravitational drift velocity.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Forward volume and surface magnetostatic modes in an yttrium iron garnet film for out-of-plane magnetic fields: Theory and experiment

We present experimental and theoretical results on the propagation of magnetostatic spin waves in a film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) for out-of-plane magnetic fields for which propagation in opposite directions is nonreciprocal in the presence of a metal layer. The plane studied is defined by the film normal n and n × k where k is the wave vector of the mode. Spin waves in this setting are classified as forward volume waves or surface waves and display non-reciprocity in the presence of an adjacent metal layer except for when H//n. The measurements are carried out in a transmission geometry, and a microwave mixer is used to measure the change of phase, and with it the evolution of wavevector, of the arriving spin wave with external magnetic field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

High-order two-fluid plasma solver for direct numerical simulations of plasma flows with full transport phenomena

The two-fluid plasma equations for a single ion species, with full transport terms, including temperature and magnetic field dependent ion and electron viscous stresses and heat fluxes, frictional drag force, and ohmic heating terms, have been implemented in the CFDNS code and solved by using sixth-order non-dissipative compact finite differences for plasma flows in several different regimes. In order to be able to fully resolve all the dynamically relevant time and length scales, while maintaining computational feasibility, the assumptions of infinite speed of light and negligible electron inertia have been made. Non-dimensional analysis of the two-fluid plasma equations shows that, by varying the characteristic/background number density, length scale, temperature, and magnetic strength, the corresponding Hall, resistive, and ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations can be recovered as limiting cases. The accuracy and robustness of this two-fluid plasma solver in handling plasma flows in different regimes have been validated against four canonical problems: Alfven and whistler dispersion relations, electromagnetic plasma shock, and magnetic reconnection. For all test cases, by using physical dissipation and diffusion, with negligible numerical dissipation/diffusion, fully converged Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)-like solutions are obtained when the ion Reynolds number based on the grid size is smaller than a threshold value which is about 2.3. For the magnetic reconnection problem, the results show that the magnetic flux saturation time and value converge when the ion and magnetic Reynolds numbers are large enough. Thus, the DNS-like results become relevant to practical problems with much larger Reynolds numbers.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Synthesis and optimization of the magnetic properties of aligned strontium ferrite nanowires

Highlights: • Dip coating method was used to synthesize strontium ferrite nanowires in template. • Size of nanowires was controlled via anodization parameters. • Fe/Sr ratio was optimized in precursor. • Magnetic properties of nanowires and nanopowders were compared. - Abstract: High aspect ratio strontium hexaferrite nanowires were fabricated by dip coating in alumina template. Fe/Sr ratio was changed from 10 to 12 in precursor, and the samples were annealed at a range of temperatures 500–900 °C in order to optimize the magnetic properties of strontium ferrite in the form of nanowires. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) proved the formation of nanowires in the templates, while TEM images revealed a high degree of crystallinity. The ferrites were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Magnetic properties of the specimens were studied by a SQUID at 10–300 K. The results showed that the coercivity of packed density nanowires in the template was much less than that of the nanopowders. On the other hand, the coercivity of nanowires at ambient temperature was less than low temperature coercivity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Magnon-Magnon Interaction Induced by Dynamic Coupling in a Hybrid Magnonic Crystal

We report a combined experimental and numerical investigation of spin-wave dynamics in a hybrid magnonic crystal consisting of a CoFeB artificial spin ice (ASI) of stadium-shaped nanoelements patterned atop a continuous NiFe film separated by a 5 nm Al 2 O 3 spacer. Using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, we probe the frequency dependence of thermal spin waves as functions of applied magnetic field and wavevector, revealing the decisive role of interlayer dipolar coupling in the magnetization dynamics. Micromagnetic simulations complement the experiments, showing a strong interplay between ASI edge modes and backward volume modes in the NiFe film. The contrast in saturation magnetization between CoFeB and NiFe enhances this coupling, leading to a pronounced hybridization manifested as a triplet of peaks in the BLS spectra predicted by simulations and observed experimentally. This magnon−magnon coupling persists over a wide magnetic field range, shaping both the spin-wave dispersion at fixed fields and the full frequency-field response throughout the magnetic hysteresis loop. Our findings establish how ASI geometry can selectively enhance specific spin-wave wavelengths in the underlying film, thereby boosting their amplitude and identifying them as preferential channels for spin wave transmission and manipulation.

Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy↗
NASA NTRS1986

Low-frequency waves in a high-beta collisionless plasma Polarization, compressibility and helicity

This paper considers the linear theory of waves near and below the ion cyclotron frequency in an isothermal electron-ion Vlasov plasma which is isotropic, homogeneous and magnetized. Numerical solutions of the full dispersion equation for the magnetosonic/whistler and Alfven/ion cyclotron modes at beta(i) = 1.0 are presented, and the polarizations, compressibilities, helicities, ion Alfven ratios and ion cross-helicities are exhibited and compared. At sufficiently large beta(i) and theta, the angle of propagation with respect to the magnetic field, the real part of the polarization of the Alfven/ion cyclotron wave changes sign, so that, for such parameters, this mode is no longer left-hand polarized. The Alfven/ion cyclotron mode becomes more compressive as the wavenumber increases, whereas the magnetosonic/whistler becomes more compressive with increasing theta.

Gary, S. P.↗
DOE OSTI2011

Gravitational Instability of Dusty Plasma with Radiative Process

The gravitational instability of infinite homogeneous magnetized dusty plasma with radiative process is studied with the help of relevant dusty magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations using normal mode analysis. The dispersion relation is obtained with radiative pressure and magnetic field, which is discussed for the transverse and longitudinal mode of propagations. The improvement in the Jeans condition of instability due to dust, magnetic field and radiative pressure is discussed. We find that in transverse mode of propagation the condition of Jeans instability of dusty plasma is modified by magnetic field and radiative pressure. In case of longitudinal mode it is unaffected by magnetic field as this mode provides the Alfven mode separately with the gravitational mode.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Whistler anisotropy instability at low electron {beta}: Particle-in-cell simulations

The whistler anisotropy instability is studied in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma model. The electrons (denoted by subscript e) are represented initially with a single bi-Maxwellian velocity distribution with a temperature anisotropy T{sub perpendiculare}/T{sub ||e}>1, where perpendicular and || denote directions perpendicular and parallel to the background magnetic field B{sub o}, respectively. Kinetic linear dispersion theory predicts that, if the ratio of the electron plasma frequency {omega}{sub e} to the electron cyclotron frequency {Omega}{sub e} is greater than unity and {beta}{sub ||e}{>=}0.025, the maximum growth rate of this instability is at parallel propagation, where the fluctuating fields are strictly electromagnetic. At smaller values of {beta}{sub ||e}, however, the maximum growth rate shifts to propagation oblique to B{sub o} and the fluctuating electric fields become predominantly electrostatic. Linear theory and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to examine the consequences of this transition. Three simulations are carried out, with initial {beta}{sub ||e}=0.10, 0.03, and 0.01. The fluctuating fields of the {beta}{sub ||e}=0.10 run are predominantly electromagnetic, with nonlinear consequences similar to those of simulations already described in the literature. In contrast, the growth of fluctuations at oblique propagation in the low electron {beta} runs leads to a significant {delta}E{sub ||}, which heats the electrons leading to the formation of a substantial suprathermal component in the electron parallel velocity distribution.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Finite ion temperature effects on electrostatic instabilities in partially magnetized plasmas

In this paper, the effects of warm ions on electrostatic, kinetic instabilities observed in partially magnetized plasmas, such as the electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) and modified two-stream instability (MTSI), are investigated. The kinetic dispersion relation that accounts for warm, non-magnetized ions and warm, magnetized electrons is solved using a complex root-finding technique [A. C. Denig and K. Hara, Phys. Plasmas 30, 032108 (2023)]. It is observed that finite ion temperature introduces ion Landau damping effects, decreasing the growth rate of most unstable modes. The high-frequency, short-wavelength ECDI modes are more strongly affected by ion Landau damping than the low-frequency, long-wavelength MTSI modes. The solutions of the kinetic dispersion relation for MTSI are compared with the fluid dispersion relation of MTSI, which was originally proposed by McBride et al. [Phys. Fluids 15 2367–2383 (1972)]. The differences in the dispersion characteristics between the kinetic and fluid MTSI limits are assessed, illustrating the effects of electron and ion Landau damping on kinetic instabilities in partially magnetized plasmas.

Denig, A. C. (ORCID:0000000253339572)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Development of a compact magnetic spectrometer for use at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility

Measurement of proton spectra is an important diagnostic for a variety of high energy density physics experiments. Current diagnostics are either not designed to capture the spectrum of low-energy protons or are unsuitable for high debris experiments. To bridge the gap, a new CR-39 based compact magnetic spectrometer (MagSpec) has been developed to measure proton spectra in the 1–20 MeV energy range, with a particular focus on the low-energy (1–6 MeV) spectrum, for use in experiments at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In the MagSpec diagnostic, protons of different energies are dispersed as they pass through a magnetic field before impinging on a differentially filtered CR-39 surface, resulting in a spatial distribution of CR-39 tracks that corresponds to the energy spectrum. In this paper, we discuss details of the design and implementation of MagSpec on the NIF and OMEGA.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗