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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

Characteristics of an anechoic chamber for fan noise testing

Acoustical and mechanical design features of NASA Lewis Research Center's engine fan noise facility are described. Acoustic evaluation of the chamber, which is lined with an array of stepped wedges, is described. Results from the evaluation in terms of cut-off frequency and non-anechoic areas near the walls are detailed. Fan models are electrically driven to 20,600 RPM in either the inlet mode or exhaust mode to facilitate study of both fore and aft fan noise. Inlet noise characteristics of the first fan tested are discussed and compared to full-scale levels. Turbulence properties of the inlet flow and acoustic results are compared with and without a turbulence reducing screen over the fan inlet.

Wuzyniak, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Characteristics of an anechoic chamber for fan noise testing

Acoustical and mechanical design features of NASA Lewis Research Center's engine fan noise facility are described. Acoustic evaluation of the 1420-m (50,000-ft) chamber, which is lined with an array of stepped wedges, is described. Results from the evaluation in terms of cut-off frequency and non-anechoic areas near the walls are detailed. Fan models with 0.51-m (20-in) diameters are electrically driven to 20,600 rpm in either the inlet mode (drawing air from the chamber) or exhaust mode (discharging air into the chamber) to facilitate study of both fore and aft fan noise. Inlet noise characteristics of the first fan tested, the JT8D Refan, are discussed and compared to full-scale levels. Turbulence properties of the inlet flow and acoustic results are compared with and without a turbulence reducing screen over the fan inlet.

Wazyniak, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Turbofan blade stresses induced by the flow distortion of a VTOL inlet at high angles of attack

A 51-cm-diameter turbofan with a tilt-nacelle VTOL inlet was tested in the Lewis Research Center's 9- by 15-Ft Low Speed Wind Tunnel at velocities up to 72 m/s and angles of attack up to 120 deg. Fan-blade vibratory stress levels were investigated over a full aircraft operating range. These stresses were due to inlet air flow distortion resulting from (1) internal flow separation in the inlet, and (2) ingestion of the exterior nacelle wake. Stress levels are presented, along with an estimated safe operating envelope, based on infinite blade fatigue life.

Williams, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Flow establishment in a generic scramjet combustor

The establishment of a quasi-steady flow in a generic scramjet combustor is studied for the case of a time varying inflow to the combustor. Such transient flow is characteristic of the reflected-shock tunnel and expansion-tube test facilities. Several numerical simulations of hypervelocity flow through a straight-duct combustor with either a side-wall-step fuel injector or a centrally-located strut injector are presented. Comparisons are made between impulsively started but otherwise constant flow conditions (typical of the expansion-tube or tailored operation of the reflected-shock tunnel) and the relaxing flow produced by the 'undertailored' operation of the reflected-shock tunnel. Generally the inviscid flow features, such as the shock pattern and pressure distribution, were unaffected by the time varying inlet conditions and approached steady state in approximately the times indicated by experimental correlations. However, viscous features, such as heat transfer and skin friction, were altered by the relaxing inlet flow conditions.

Jacobs, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Flow establishment in a generic scramjet combustor

The establishment of a quasi-steady flow in a generic scramjet combustor was studied for the case of a time varying inflow to the combustor. Such transient flow is characteristic of the reflected shock tunnel and expansion tube test facilities. Several numerical simulations of hypervelocity flow through a straight duct combustor with either a side wall step fuel injector or a centrally located strut injector are presented. Comparisons were made between impulsively started but otherwise constant flow conditions (typical of the expansion tube or tailored operations of the reflected shock tunnel) and the relaxing flow produced by the 'undertailored' operations of the reflected shock tunnel. Generally the inviscid flow features, such as the shock pattern and pressure distribution, were unaffected by the time varying inlet conditions and approached steady state in approx. the times indicated by experimental correlations. However, viscous features, such as heat transfer and skin friction, were altered by the relaxing inlet flow conditions.

Jacobs, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1953

Investigation of a Related Series of Turbine-Blade Profiles in Cascade

An application of airfoil design methods was used to design series of related turbine-blade profiles to satisfy the conditions of inlet flow angle and turning angle encountered in the usual range of turbine operation. A series of blade profiles applicable to most turbine blading requirements and a secondary series with particular reference to impulse conditions were designed. Five blade sections from these series ranging in mean-line turning angles from 63 deg. to 120 deg. were tested in low-speed cascade tunnels. From low-speed test results optimum blade angles of attack were selected at each test condition. The induced angle and the deviation angle of the flow were determined from the low-speed data. If these angles are known for the solidity and inlet angle of an application, the necessary camber is specified. A method of predicting high-speed pressure distributions from low-speed cascade test results is presented to extend the usefulness of the low-speed data. Sample high-speed tests of two of the five blade sections were made at Mach numbers up to the critical value. The results indicated satisfactory flow conditions in all of the blade passages tested.

Dunavant, James C.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Effects of Inlet Distortion on Aeromechanical Stability of a Forward-Swept High-Speed Fan

Concerns regarding noise, propulsive efficiency, and fuel burn are inspiring aircraft designs wherein the propulsive turbomachines are partially (or fully) embedded within the airframe; such designs present serious concerns with regard to aerodynamic and aeromechanic performance of the compression system in response to inlet distortion. Separately, a forward-swept high-speed fan was developed to address noise concerns of modern podded turbofans; however this fan encounters aeroelastic instability (flutter) as it approaches stall. A three-dimensional, unsteady, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is applied to analyze and corroborate fan performance with clean inlet flow. This code, already validated in its application to assess aerodynamic damping of vibrating blades at various flow conditions, is modified and then applied in a computational study to preliminarily assess the effects of inlet distortion on aeroelastic stability of the fan. Computational engineering application and implementation issues are discussed, followed by an investigation into the aeroelastic behavior of the fan with clean and distorted inlets.

Herrick, Gregory P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

An inviscid three-dimensional analysis of the Space Shuttle main engine hot-gas manifold

A numerical study using an inviscid three-dimensional Lagrangian fluid dynamics code has been conducted as a part of an overall effort to understand the flow behavior in the SSME fuel side hot-gas manifold. The model simulates flow from the high-pressure fuel turbine exit through the transfer ducts, including the effects of swirl, inlet flow symmetry, and presence of straightening vanes and struts; a separate, more-detailed effort is in progress that includes viscosity and turbulence effects. The simplified model presented is divided into two parts, the first includes the 180-degree turnaround duct downstream of the turbine exit and the spherical fuel bowl section, while the second models the three transfer ducts. The two parts of the model are coupled together with the interface conditions being updated through iteration. Results indicate that a transverse pressure differential of 165 psi would be imposed on the turbine exit and that unstable flow separation occurs around the vanes, struts, and within the transfer ducts. The three transfer ducts show a mass flux split of approximately 41, 21, and 38 percent. Results to date are encouraging that certain flow characteristics can be usefuly represented using a relatively coarse grid inviscid code.

Liang, P. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Design and performance at a local Mach number of 6 of an inlet for an integrated Scramjet concept

The development of a concept for a modular supersonic combustion ramjet which is designed to integrate with the airframe of a hypersonic vehicle is presented. The design philosophy and results of experiments at Mach 6 to evaluate the performance of the scramjet inlet are given. The inlet was designed with modest contraction ratio, fixed geometry, and three fuel injection struts which contributed to the inlet flow compression and provided a short combustor design that resulted in low internal cooling requirements. Results indicate that the inlet performance is well within the acceptable range for high engine performance.

Trexler, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1957

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Compressor Interstage Air Bleed on Performance Characteristics of a 13-stage Axial-flow Compressor

Air was bled over the fifth-and tenth-stage rotor-blade rows through ports designed to pass 11 and 9 percent of the inlet flow, respectively, at 80 percent speed. Along the rated operating line the maximum speed at which rotating stall was encountered was lowered by either of these bleeds, and the stall patterns below these speeds were altered so that no dangerous resonant rotor-blade bending vibrations were excited. The combination of the two bleeds completely eliminated rotating stall to at least 50 percent speed. The compressor-discharge weight flow was decreased only at intermediate speeds, and the overall pressure ratio was affected only at intermediate speeds, and the overall pressure ratio was affected only by the combination bleed at intermediate speeds. Fifth-stage bleed increased compressor efficiency at low speeds, and tenth-stage bleed decreased efficiency at intermediate speeds.

Lucas, James G↗
NASA NTRS1980

Inlet contour and flow effects on radiation

An experimental investigation of sound radiation from inlets with different contours with and without flow is being conducted to study the possibility of reducing noise radiated by aircraft engines. For each inlet configuration, complex directivity patterns and complex pressure reflection coefficients are measured as a function of a single space-time structure of the wave (up to a frequency of 4000Hz and an azimuthal wave number 6) and of flow velocity (up to Mach number 0.4) in a cylindrical duct located downstream the inlet. Experimental results of radiation from an unflanged duct are compared with theory. Effect of inlet contour and flow are deduced by comparing respectively unflanged duct and bellmouth measurements and, no flow and flow measurements with the bellmouth. Results are presented which indicate that the contour effect is significant near the cut-on frequency of a mode and emphasize the necessity for taking into account the inlet geometry in a radiation prediction. These results show also that internal flow has a weak effect on the amplitude of the directivity pattern

Ville, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Effect of combined pressure and temperature distortion orientation on high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine stability

Total-temperature, static-pressure and total-pressure distributions were measured in the inlet duct upstream of the engine inlet and within the fan and compressor of a YTF34 turbofan engine. Free-stream and boundary layer yaw angle variations were measured between a rotable screen assembly and the engine inlet. Total pressure distortions were generated using three 180 deg extent screens and total temperature distortions were generated using a rotatable hydrogen burner. Reynolds number index upstream of the rotatable screen assembly was maintained at 0.5 (based on the undistorted sectors at station 1, the inlet flow measuring station). The engine mechanical fan speed at sea level condition was rated at 7005 rpm. The engine was tested at a corrected fan speed of 90 percent of rated condition. Yaw angle increased between the rotatable screen assembly and the engine inlet. The largest variation in free-stream and boundary layer yaw angle occurs when the combined distortions are 180 deg out-of-phase. Static-pressure distortion increased exponentially as flow approached the engine. Total-pressure distortions were attenuated between the engine inlet and the compressor exit. Total-temperature distortion persisted through the compressor for all four combined distortions investigated.

Soeder, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The design and performance of axially symmetrical contoured wall diffusers employing suction boundary layer control

This paper presents a procedure for the design and the performance prediction of axially symmetrical contoured wall diffusers employing suction boundary layer control. An inverse problem approach was used in the potential flow design of the diffuser wall contours. The experimentally observed flow characteristics and the stability of flows within the diffuser are also described. Guidelines for the design of low suction (less than 10 percent of the inlet flow) and thus high effectiveness contoured wall diffusers are also provided based on the results of the experimental program.

Nelson, C. D., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Three dimensional viscous analysis of a hypersonic inlet

The flow fields in supersonic/hypersonic inlets are currently being studied at NASA Lewis Research Center using 2- and 3-D full Navier-Stokes and Parabolized Navier-Stokes solvers. These tools have been used to analyze the flow through the McDonnell Douglas Option 2 inlet which has been tested at Calspan in support of the National Aerospace Plane Program. Comparisons between the computational and experimental results are presented. These comparisons lead to better overall understanding of the complex flows present in this class of inlets. The aspects of the flow field emphasized in this work are the 3-D effects, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, and the strong nonuniformities generated within the inlet.

Reddy, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Three dimensional viscous analysis of a hypersonic inlet

The flow fields in supersonic/hypersonic inlets are currently being studied at NASA Lewis Research Center using 2- and 3-d full Navier-Stokes and parabolized Navier-Stokes solvers. These tools have been used to analyze the flow through the McDonnell Douglas Option 2 inlet which has been tested at Calspan in support of the National Aerospace Plane Program. Comparisons between the computational and experimental results are presented. These comparisons lead to better overall understanding of the complex flows present in this class of inlets. The aspects of the flow field emphasized in this work are the 3-D effects, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, and the strong nonuniformities generated within the inlet.

Reddy, D. R.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Internal aerodynamics of a generic three-dimensional scramjet inlet at Mach 10

A combined computational and experimental parametric study of the internal aerodynamics of a generic three-dimensional sidewall compression scramjet inlet configuration at Mach 10 has been performed. The study was designed to demonstrate the utility of computational fluid dynamics as a design tool in hypersonic inlet flow fields, to provide a detailed account of the nature and structure of the internal flow interactions, and to provide a comprehensive surface property and flow field database to determine the effects of contraction ratio, cowl position, and Reynolds number on the performance of a hypersonic scramjet inlet configuration. The work proceeded in several phases: the initial inviscid assessment of the internal shock structure, the preliminary computational parametric study, the coupling of the optimized configuration with the physical limitations of the facility, the wind tunnel blockage assessment, and the computational and experimental parametric study of the final configuration. Good agreement between computation and experimentation was observed in the magnitude and location of the interactions, particularly for weakly interacting flow fields. Large-scale forward separations resulted when the interaction strength was increased by increasing the contraction ratio or decreasing the Reynolds number.

Holland, Scott D.↗