Lunar escape systems /LESS/ feasibility study, volume 2 Final technical report
Lunar escape systems feasibility study
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Lunar escape systems feasibility study
Elastic scattering effect on photoelectron transport and escape in upper sunlit atmosphere
Jeans escape rate error for atmospheric H and He attributed to perturbed velocity distribution function, using realistic atom-atom elastic scattering cross sections
Photoelectron production and escape flux at midlatitudes, using spectrometric measurements from ISIS-1 satellite
Second order perturbation solution to modified optimal low thrust escape problem
Design and specifications of emergency escape system for spacecraft structures
High fat diet effects on caloric intake, body weight, and heat escape responses in normal and hyperphagic rats
Qualification tests of tower jettison motors for Apollo spacecraft program launch escape systems
Piloted simulator investigation of lightweight vehicles for emergency lunar escape to orbit with kinesthetic attitude control and simplified manual guidance
Development and characteristics of inflatable structure to provide escape from orbit for spacecrews under emergency conditions
Optimal round trip space tug trajectories for earth escape missions
Manned space flight escape systems evolution, examining requirements and devices from X-15 to Apollo program
Piloted lunar escape to orbit systems simulation using simplified manual guidance and attitude control
Space tug optimal round trip trajectories for payload earth escape injection missions, obtaining boundary value problem solution by Newton- Raphson iteration technique
Reusable space tug payload injection missions, determining optimal round trip trajectories at earth escape energy levels
A recoverable space tug launched by the space shuttle to provide the required post-orbital propulsion needed for placement of unmanned satellites is described. The space tug will also be used to launch interplanetary spacecraft from low earth orbit. The performance of single and multiple space tugs (in tandem) for launching spacecraft beyond earth escape is summarized. Trajectories are developed that allow recovery of the tugs whenever practical. The effects of important tug and trajectory parameters on performance are presented. It is concluded that a single tug can inject spacecraft to Mars or Venus and still be recovered. The use of several tugs in tandem can provide a significant increase in capability over the use of a single tug. The more difficult missions involve a mix of recovered and expended tugs.
Discussion of the implications of low concentration of Martian nitrogen as reflected in the apparent failure of the ultraviolet spectrometers on Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 to detect molecular nitrogen. If eddy mixing is about as effective on Mars as it is on earth, then there seems to be less nitrogen present on Mars than would be expected if terrestrial-type outgassing were operating. It is shown that, in this case, a nonthermal escape mechanism involving the predissociation of exospheric nitrogen can be used to explain the low nitrogen concentration.