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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21

Guideline for Single-Event Effect (SEE) Testing of System on a Chip (SOC) Devices

The use of complex single and multicore processors with significant cache memory, on-chip peripherals, memory controllers, and high speed input/output (IO) that integrate many of the parts of a traditional computer system is becoming more common in space applications. Such devices are often referred to as system on a chip devices (SOCs), even though the term is used somewhat inaccurately due to the lack of analog and mixed signal subcircuits. These devices are complex combinations of single- or multi-core processors with memory controllers, high-speed input/output (IO), and other peripheral structures that formerly would have been handled by off-chip resources. In the past the processors were tested for single event effects (SEE) separately, and the peripherals were often put into custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) along with other resources required by the user. Performance and cost pressures have pushed commercial devices to incorporate many of the functional blocks into a single chip, an SOC. The NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP) has been examining ways to perform SEE radiation hardness assurance (RHA) testing of these processor-centric SOCs to achieve reasonable understanding of their performance in space missions.

Guertin, Steven M.↗

Estimates of SEU rates from heavy ions in devices exhibiting dual-node susceptibility

A single-event effect (SEE) occurs when a single ionizing particle passing through an electronic device produces a detectable event in the device. The type of SEE most frequently discussed in the literature is a "single-node upset" problem in which an upset at a given node depends only on conditions seen by that node. In contrast, some devices are designed so that an upset becomes a "dual-node" problem in which a device upset depends on conditions simultaneously seen by two nodes. This report derives a method for estimating heavy-ion induced upset rates for the dual-node problem.

Edmonds, Larry D.↗

Space Radiation Effects on SiC Power Device Reliability

Heavy-ion radiation can result in silicon carbide power device degradation and/or catastrophic failure. Test procedures and data interpretation must consider the impact that heavy-ion induced off-state leakage current increases will have on subsequent single-event effect susceptibility and testability. On orbit, reliable performance in the presence of increased off-state leakage currents due to cumulative ion-induced non-catastrophic single-event effects must be assured over the mission lifetime. This work presents a large body of heavy-ion test data for different diode, power MOSFET, and JFET devices. Susceptibility to single-event effects is compared between SiC and Si power devices. Initial recommendations on heavy-ion radiation test methods for silicon carbide power devices are made and radiation hardness assurance is discussed with the goal of moving one step closer to reliably getting this technology off the ground into a broad array of spacecraft and instruments that will benefit from its unique capabilities.

diode↗

Next-generation wildlife tracking devices and integrated sensors for measuring species-environment interactions and advancing conservation

Global land use and climate change have magnified the importance of collecting accurate animal movement and environmental data to improve our ability to model species interactions with the environment and promote effective conservation. Advanced animal tracking devices that couple cutting-edge technologies with our expanding need for ecological information is critical. In addition to further optimizing device size to monitor small, sensitive species, new paradigms for collecting, storing, and transmitting data about animals and their environments will propel wildlife tracking devices forward. Advanced telemetry capabilities will increase our ability to pair location and sensor data from tagged wildlife with remote sensing data. The USGS Western Ecological Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, and collaborators have been developing new wildlife tracking devices and integrated environmental sensors to address these challenges. We describe a new, miniaturized solar GPS-enabled Globalstar satellite transmitter with accelerometer capability that is 20% lighter and 25% less expensive than existing commercially available tags. We also introduce a novel peer-to-peer, solar-powered network tag that uses long-range, low-power, wireless platform technology. Concurrently, we began adapting a carbon nanotube (CNT) sensor to detect dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a trace gas relevant to marine ecology and climate studies. CNT sensors offer a small, lightweight, and low-power technology that can detect changes in resistance across carbon nanotubes coated with adsorbent selected to specifically bind with a variety of reactive trace gasses. We flew a prototype sensor in a small UAS and sampled an apparent increase in DMS concentration consistent with a well-defined marine frontal boundary. Currently we are integrating project components to create a hybridized architecture of networked peer-to-peer and satellite tags with integrated CNT and additional on-board and remote sensors to advance animal tracking and to provide information for next generation wildlife conservation.

Ian G. Brosnan↗

Reflectivity Control Device (RCD) Roll Momentum Management for Solar Cruiser and Beyond

Reflectivity control devices (RCDs), thin film optical devices that are actuated (by application of a voltage across the device) to control the reflection of sunlight on their surfaces, can effectively enable roll momentum management (MM) of a solar sail operating in deep space, outside any magnetic field. This enables solar sails to maintain adequate attitude control in these challenging environments without sacrificing mission life by using expendables. They were planned and developed for use on Solar Cruiser, operating sunward of the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (sub-L1) in a propulsion-intensive artificial halo orbit. Located in pairs of panels near the distal end of each of four booms, each articulated at a slight angle out of the sail plane to produce a force tangent to the sail at a large moment arm, the RCDs provide roll torque capabilities by using simple switching logic to determine which panels should be activated (voltage applied) to produce torque in the desired direction. The performance capabilities and constraints of these devices across a range of operating conditions, namely sun-relative attitude, is well characterized, granting designers insight on how to properly size the system and optimize the system and component designs to maximize roll torque per unit area. With an informed design, RCDs can be very effective actuators for managing roll momentum with minimal detrimental system impacts (mass, power, complexity, etc.) on Solar Cruiser and other future deep space solar sail missions.

Andrew F Heaton↗

Effects of Radiation on Commercial Power Devices

The effects of radiation on various commercial power devices are presented. The devices have proved to be very fragile to single event effects, with some of the devices actually succumbing to catastrophic SEE with protons.

power semiconductor devices↗

Psychomotor Vigilance Task Evaluation for Touchscreen Devices

The Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) is considered the gold standard fatigue detection device and is used frequently in fatigue research. The purpose of this study was to compare a psychomotor vigilance task developed for use on touchscreen devices with the original PVT-192 in conditions of acute sleep loss and circadian desynchronization. Participants arrived in the lab approximately two hours after their habitual time and were asked to stay awake for up to 24 hrs and take 5-minute reaction time tests every 2 hours on two different devices: the original PVT-192 and NASA-PVT on an iPod. We found that the NASA-PVT and PVT-192 were sensitive to the 24 hrs of extended wakefulness.

sleep loss↗

Analog Devices ADXL354 Low Noise, Low Drift, Low Power, 3-Axis MEMS Accelerometer Total Ionizing Dose Characterization Test Report

The purpose of this test was to characterize the Analog Devices ADXL354 parameter degradation for total dose response. In the test, the device was exposed to a dose rate of 50 rad(Si)/s or 0.5 Gy(Si)/s using a gamma radiation source in accordance with MIL-STD-883K Paragraph 3.6.1 (Condition A). Device parameters such as supply current, self-test voltage response, and LDO regulator output voltages were monitored.

Total Ionizing Dose (TID)↗

Limitations of Internal Protective Devices in High-Voltage/High-Capacity Batteries Using Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Commercial Cells

Most commercial cylindrical 18650 Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) cells have two internal protective devices: the Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) and the Current Interrupt Device (CID). The PTC protects the cells under external short conditions and the CID protects the cells under overcharge conditions. While proven to be effective at the single cell and small-size battery levels, these devices do not always offer protection when used in high-voltage and high-capacity battery designs.

Limitations of Internal Protective Devices↗

Electronic load for testing power generating devices

Instrument tests various electric power generating devices by connecting the devices to the input of the load and comparing their outputs with a reference voltage. The load automatically adjusts until voltage output of the power generating device matches the reference.

Friedman, E. B.↗

Flexible thermal device

Fabrication of expansion joint, vibration isolator device with sufficient cross sectional area for high thermal conductivity is discussed. Device consists of multiple layers of metal foil which may be designed to meet specific applications. Thermodynamic properties of the device and illustration of construction are provided.

Wallace, S. D.↗

Study of bonding methods for flip chip and beam leaded devices

The results are presented of a comprehensive study and evaluation for the bonding of flip chip and beam leaded devices onto hybrid microcircuit substrates used in high reliability space applications. The program included the evaluation of aluminum flip chips, solder (silver/tin) bump chips, gold beam leaded devices, and aluminum beam leaded devices.

Rudd, H. C.↗

Hardening electronic devices against very high total dose radiation environments

The possibilities and limitations of hardening silicon semiconductor devices to the high neutron and gamma radiation levels and greater than 10 to the eighth power rads required for the NERVA nuclear engine development are discussed. A comparison is made of the high dose neutron and gamma hardening potential of bipolar, metal insulator semiconductors and junction field effect transistors. Experimental data is presented on device degradation for the high neutron and gamma doses. Previous data and comparisons indicate that the JFET is much more immune to the combined neutron displacement and gamma ionizing effects than other transistor types. Experimental evidence is also presented which indicates that p channel MOS devices may be able to meet the requirements.

Buchanan, B.↗

Methods of measurement for semiconductor materials, process control, and devices

Activities directed toward the development of methods of measurement for semiconductor materials, process control, and devices are described. Accomplishments include the determination of the reasons for differences in measurements of transistor delay time, identification of an energy level model for gold-doped silicon, and the finding of evidence that it does not appear to be necessary for an ultrasonic bonding tool to grip the wire and move it across the substrate metallization to make the bond. Work is continuing on measurement of resistivity of semiconductor crystals; study of gold-doped silicon; development of the infrared response technique; evaluation of wire bonds and die attachment; measurement of thermal properties of semiconductor devices, delay time, and related carrier transport properties in junction devices, and noise properties of microwave diodes; and characterization of silicon nuclear radiation detectors.

Bullis, W. M.↗

Suppression of combustion oscillations with mechanical damping devices

Nonarray absorbing devices were investigated for use in rocket thrust chambers as instability suppressors. A theory for designing absorbing devices suitable for rocket application is derived, and a nonarray computer program is developed. The experimental program used to verify the theory is discussed. It is concluded that individual acoustical devices can be designed for maximum energy absorption, and it is recommended that single resonators be designed so that the ratio of the aperture diameter to the product of the quarter-wave length and cavity backing depth is less than one.

Source record↗

Evaluation of electroexplosive devices by nondestructive test techniques and impulsive waveform firings

Special requirements of the space industry for more detailed knowledge of the quality and reliability of each electroexplosive device (EED) selected for use aboard a spacecraft are described. Statistical methods do not practically demonstrate the high reliability needed. To close this gap, nondestructive test techniques and instrumentation for 1-W/1-A no-fire devices have been developed. Several lots of squibs have been evaluated using these techniques and instrumentation. They yield data as to the quality and normal behavior of each electroexplosive device without firing or degrading the unit. Performance data were obtained by initiating the EED's with an impulsive waveform and sensing the initiation characteristics, sensitivity, and output.

Menichelli, V. J.↗

A new device for communication systems

A communication device and modulation capability were developed for the transmission of digital data or voices from point to point. This device is a fast-switching phase coherent frequency synthesizer. When this synthesizer is appropriately incorporated in a communication system it can provide interference resistance, multiple-user capability, user identification, ranging, navigation, Doppler correction, and digitized communication (voice and data). The application of this device to aircraft/airport complex and law enforcement communications is discussed.

Beck, R. R.↗

A fluidic device for measuring constituent masses of a flowing binary gas mixture

A continuous reading mass flow device was developed to measure the component flow of a binary gas mixture. The basic components of the device are a fluidic humidity sensor and a specially designed flow calorimeter. These components provide readings of gas mixture ratio, mixture heat capacity, heat dissipated by the calorimeter and the gas temperature rise across the calorimeter. These parameter values, applied in the general definitions of specific heat capacity and the heat capacity of a gas mixture, produce calculated component flow rates of the mixture being metered. A test program was conducted to evaluate both the steady state and dynamic performance of the device.

Prokopius, P. R.↗