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At least 379 records · Page 21

Baryon–antibaryon photoproduction cross sections off the proton

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has observed 𝑝⁢$\overline{p}$ and, for the first time, Λ$\overlineΛ$ and 𝑝$\overlineΛ$ photoproduction from a proton target at photon energies up to 11.6 GeV. The angular distributions are forward peaked for all produced pairs, consistent with Regge-like 𝑡-channel exchange. Asymmetric wide-angle antibaryon distributions show the presence of additional processes. In a phenomenological model, we find consistency with a double-𝑡-channel exchange process where antibaryons are created only at the middle vertex. The model matches all observed distributions with a small number of free parameters. In the hyperon channels, we observe a clear distinction between photoproduction of the Λ$\overlineΛ$ and 𝑝$\overlineΛ$ systems but general similarity to the 𝑝$\overline{p}$ system. We report both total cross sections and cross sections differential with respect to momentum transfer and the invariant masses of the created particle pairs. No narrow resonant structures were found in these reaction channels. The suppression of 𝑠$\overline{s}$ quark pairs relative to 𝑑$\overline{d}$ quark pairs is similar to what has been seen in other reactions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Measurements of Gamow-Teller transitions from 59 Co via the 59 Co ⁢(𝑡, 3 He +𝛾) charge-exchange reaction and its application to the stellar electron-capture rates

Electron-capture reactions on iron-group nuclei play a crucial role in the late stages of massive star evolution. Since stellar evolution simulations depend on accurate electron-capture rates—which are highly sensitive to the detailed Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions—reliable theoretical models are essential. However, experimental data on GT strength distributions are scarce. High-resolution measurements are therefore vital for benchmarking and improving these theoretical calculations. To provide high-resolution data on Gamow-Teller strength distributions of iron-group nuclei and to compare these results with theoretical calculations within this mass region. Differential cross sections for the 59 Co ⁢(𝑡, 3 He)⁢ 59 Fe charge-exchange reaction at 115 MeV/u were measured using the S800 spectrometer. Furthermore, to resolve individual levels that are not distinguishable in the S800 particle singles data, coincident 𝛾 rays from the 59 Fe residual nucleus were detected by using the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array 𝛾-ray tracking array. Here, the Gamow-Teller transition strength distribution from the ground state of 59 Co to 59 Fe was extracted up to an excitation energy of 10 MeV. Additionally, transition strengths for several low-lying states were determined from coincident 𝛾-ray measurements. Electron-capture rates calculated using the present data indicate that these low-lying states contribute significantly to the overall rates in relevant stellar environments. The experimental results show reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions based on both shell-model and projected shell-model calculations. High-resolution data on Gamow-Teller strength distributions—particularly for individual low-lying states—are essential for accurately determining electron-capture rates in iron-group nuclei. Coincident 𝛾-ray measurements provide a powerful tool for obtaining such detailed information. While the present work demonstrates that shell-model calculations successfully reproduce the experimental results, such comparisons are scarce and more experimental data are desirable.

59 ≤ A ≤ 89↗

Bridging reaction theory and nuclear structure in $π^±-$ 48 Ca scattering

Here, we extend the pion-nucleus multiple-scattering framework to include detailed second-order rescattering dynamics for nuclei with nonzero isospin. To account for intermediate charge-exchange and nucleon spin-flip effects, we develop a scattering potential that depends on the one- and two-body densities of the target nucleus. We compute one-body densities from coupled-cluster theory and two-body densities within the Hartree-Fock approximation. To estimate theoretical uncertainties, we employ modern nuclear Hamiltonians derived from chiral effective field theory. While the sensitivity to nuclear structure details is mild, second-order corrections are found to be sizable and essential for accurately reproducing differential cross sections measured in 𝜋 ± − 48 Ca elastic scattering within the Δ⁡(1232)-resonance region.

cluster models↗

Photon scattering by a 4π -spherically-focused ultrastrong electromagnetic wave

The scattering of high-power probe laser pulses by tightly focused ultrastrong laser pulses has been investigated through a semiclassical approach using a perturbative method based on the Born approximation. Under a 4π-spherically-focused ultrastrong light field, the electric permittivity and magnetic permeability tensors for vacuum are calculated from the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian to show the nonlinear birefringent property of vacuum. And, from permittivity and permeability tensors, the scattering potential is derived for the Born approximation. The first-order solution of the Born approximation is taken as an electric field scattered from the 4π-spherically-focused laser pulse when a probe laser pulse propagates through the focused laser field. The differential cross section of the nonlinear birefringent vacuum is derived, and the number of photons scattered from the nonlinear birefringent vacuum is analyzed in the laser power range of 10-1000 PW.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Isotopic and vibrational-level dependence of H 2 dissociation by electron impact

The low-energy electron-impact dissociation of molecular hydrogen has been a source of disagreement between various calculations and measurements for decades. Excitation of the ground state of H 2 into the dissociative b 3 $Σ$$$^{+}_{u}$ state is now well understood, with the most recent measurements being in excellent agreement with the molecular convergent close-coupling (MCCC) calculations of both integral and differential cross sections [Zawadzki et al., Phys. Rev. A 98, 062704 (2018)]. However, in the absence of similar measurements for vibrationally excited or isotopically substituted H 2 , cross sections for dissociation of these species must be determined by theory alone. We have identified large discrepancies between MCCC calculations and the recommended R-matrix cross sections for dissociation of vibrationally excited H 2 , D 2 , T 2 , HD, HT, and DT [Trevisan et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 44 1263 (2002); Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 44, 2217 (2002)], with disagreement in both the isotope effect and dependence on initial vibrational level. Furthermore, we investigate the source of the discrepancies, and discuss the consequences for plasma models, which have incorporated the previously recommended data.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

9 Li($\textit{d,p}$) reaction as a specific probe of 10 Li, the paradigm of parity-inverted nuclei around the $\textit{N}$ = 6 closed shell

In this work, we show, within the framework of renormalized nuclear field theory and of the induced reaction surrogate formalism, that the highly debated 10 Li structure, studied in a recent high statistics 9 Li ($\textit{d,p}$) 10 Li one-neutron transfer experiment, is consistent with, or better, requires, the presence of a virtual 1/2 + state of similar single-particle strength than that of the 1/2 – resonance at 0.45 ± 0.03 MeV. Based on continuum spectroscopy self-energy techniques, we find that the physical mechanism responsible for parity inversion in $^{10}_3$Li is the same as that at the basis of the similar phenomenon observed in $^{11}_4$Be and as that needed in 11 Li to have an important $\textit{s}$-wave ground-state component. In particular the strong dynamical coupling between the $s_{1/2}$ and the $d_{5/2}$ states, mediated by the quadrupole vibration of the core 9 Li. A phenomenon which also affects the strength distribution of the $d_{5/2}$ state, in particular, in the energy range of 3–4.5 MeV. Furthermore, this mechanism is also consistent with the (normal) sequence of the $1_{p_{1/2}}$ and $2_{s_{1/2}}$ levels in the $\textit{N}$ = 7 isotones $^{12}_5$B and $^{13}_6$C. The main aim of the present Rapid Communication is that of treating structure and reactions on equal footing and in a common language. In other words, the calculation of the 9 Li ($\textit{d,p}$) 10 Li reaction as a single conceptual step from individual single-particle motion and collective vibrations to absolute double differential cross sections of renormalized virtual and resonant final states, which can be directly compared with experiment.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Bayesian analysis of the Zn 70 ( d , He 3 ) Cu 69 transfer reaction

Transfer reactions provide information about the single-particle nature of nuclear levels. In particular, the differential cross sections from these measurements are sensitive to the angular momentum of the transferred particle and the spectroscopic factor of the populated level. However, the process of extracting these properties is subject to uncertainties, both from experimental and theoretical sources. By integrating the distorted wave Born approximation into a Bayesian model, we propagate these uncertainties through to the spectroscopic factors and orbital angular momentum values. We use previously reported data of the proton pickup reaction Zn 70 ( d , He 3 ) Cu 69 as an example. By accounting for uncertainties in the experimental data, optical model parameters, and reaction mechanism, we find that the extracted spectroscopic factors for low-lying states of 69 Cu are subject to large, asymmetric uncertainties ranging from 35 to 108%. Additionally, Bayesian model comparison is employed to assign probabilities to each of the allowed angular momentum transfers. This method confirms the assignments for many states, but suggests that the data for a state lying at 3.70 MeV are better characterized by an ℓ =3 transfer, rather than the previously reported ℓ =2 .

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

First measurement of direct photoproduction of the a 2 (1320) 0 meson on the proton

We present the first measurement of the reaction γ p → a 2 ( 1320 ) 0 p in the photon energy range 3.5– 5.5 Ge V and four-momentum transfer squared 0.2 < - t < 2.0 Ge V 2 . Data were collected with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The a 2 resonance was detected by measuring the reaction γ p → π 0 η p and reconstructing the π 0 η invariant mass. The most prominent feature of the differential cross section is a dip at -t ≈ 0.55 Ge V 2 . This can be described in the framework of Regge phenomenology, where the exchange degeneracy hypothesis predicts a zero in the reaction amplitude for this value of the four-momentum transfer.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Level Structure of {sup 31}S Via {sup 32}S({ital p,d}) {sup 31}S

Background: Properties of proton-unbound S-31 states determine the P-30(p, gamma) S-31 reaction rate, which has a significant impact on explosive hydrogen burning in classical novae and type-I x-ray bursts. Despite several previous studies, uncertainties still remain with respect to the nuclear structure of S-31 near the proton threshold. Purpose: The level structure of S-31 has been presently investigated via a charged-particle spectroscopy experiment using the S-32(p, d) S-31 reaction. Method: Deuterons corresponding to S-31 excited states with 3.285 <= E-x <= 10.8 MeV were momentum analyzed via an Enge split-pole spectrograph at six laboratory angles between 10 degrees and 62 degrees. Differential cross sections of the S-32(p, d)S-31 reaction were measured at E-p = 34.5 MeV. Distorted-wave Born approximation calculations were performed to constrain the spin-parity assignments of several of the observed levels. Results: We have detected 72 excited states of S-31, out of which 17 are within the astrophysical region of interest corresponding to the temperature range of 0.1-1.5 GK. We have resolved the discrepancy in the spin and parity of an excited state with E-x = 6542 keV, showing that is it not J(pi) = 3/2(-), and therefore the contribution of this state to the P-30(p, gamma) reaction rate is likely much less significant than previously thought owing to the larger angular-momentum transfer required to populate this excited state. Moreover, our measurement results help consolidate the spin-parity assignments for the 6377 and 6636 keV states in S-31. Conclusions: This work presents the most comprehensive spin-parity assignments to date from a single-neutron transfer reaction on S-32 to S-31 excited states in the region between 6 to 7 MeV excitation energy. This region is significant for the determination of the P-30(p, gamma)S-30 reaction rate over the temperatures characteristic of explosive hydrogen burning in novae.

Setoodehnia, K.↗

Two- and three-nucleon contact interactions and ground-state energies of light- and medium-mass nuclei

Classes of two-nucleon (2N) contact interactions are developed in configuration space at leading order (LO), next-to-leading order (NLO), and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) by fitting the experimental singlet np scattering length and deuteron binding energy at LO, and np and pp scattering data in the laboratory-energy ranges 0–15 MeV at NLO and 0–25 MeV at N3LO. These interactions are regularized by including two Gaussian cutoffs, one for T = 0 and the other for T = 1 channels. The cutoffs are taken to vary in the ranges R 0 = (1.5 –2.3) fm and R 1 = (1.5 –3.0) fm. The 780 (1100) data points up to 15 (25) MeV energy, primarily differential cross sections, are fitted by the NLO (N3LO) models with a χ 2 / datum about 1.7 or less (well below 1.5), when harder cutoff values are adopted. As a first application, we report results for the binding energies of nuclei with mass numbers A = 3 –6 and 16 obtained with selected LO and NLO 2N models both by themselves as well as in combination with a LO three-nucleon (3N) contact interaction. The latter is characterized by a single low-energy constant that is fixed to reproduce the experimental 3 H binding energy. The inclusion of the 3N interaction largely removes the sensitivity to cutoff variations in the few-nucleon systems and leads to predictions for the 3 He and 4 He binding energies that cluster around 7.8 and 30 MeV, respectively. However, in 16 O this cutoff sensitivity remains rather strong. Finally, predictions at LO only are also reported for medium-mass nuclei with A = 40 , 48, and 90.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Investigation of the isoscalar response of 24 Mg to 6 Li scattering

24 Mg is a strongly deformed nucleus in the ground state. Deformation effects can be observed in the structure of the isoscalar giant monopole and quadrupole resonances. 24 Mg is also a nucleus that is well known to present different types of cluster-oscillation modes. Both giant resonances and cluster states are strongly populated by isoscalar transitions. To extract the E0, E1, and E2 transition strengths via 6 Li scattering. The 6 Li probe is a powerful tool for investigating the isoscalar nuclear response with a very favorable ratio of resonance-to-continuum background. Double-differential cross sections of 6 Li inelastic scattering, at the beam energy of 100 MeV/u, were measured in the excitation-energy range 10 – 40 MeV and scattering angles 0 - 3°. A multipole-decomposition analysis was performed for extracting the isoscalar E0 , E1, and E2 strength distributions. Results: The extracted multipole strengths were compared with predictions from consistent quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations. The theoretical predictions are in fair agreement with the experimental data. The E0 strength was also compared with results from antisymmetrized molecular dynamics calculations found in the literature. A few peaks in the experimental data might be associated with clustering in 24 Mg. Ground-state deformation effects were observed in the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) and isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance (ISGQR) distributions. The ISGMR strength is split in two peaks around 19 and 28 MeV. The ISGQR exhibits a pronounced peak at 20 MeV with a broadening at the low-energy region, similar to predictions from microscopic calculations. Signatures of excitation of cluster states were observed in the E0 response. Further studies including particle-decay measurements will be required to confirm the nature of the observed peaks.

20 ≤ A ≤ 38↗

Exclusive dimuon production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ATLAS

Exclusive dimuon production in ultraperipheral collisions (UPC), resulting from photon-photon interactions in the strong electromagnetic fields of colliding high-energy lead nuclei, PbPb(γγ) → μ + μ - (Pb (*) Pb (*) ), is studied using $\mathcal{L}$ int = 0.48 nb -1 of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV lead-lead collision data at the LHC with the ATLAS detector. Dimuon pairs are measured in the fiducial region p T,μ >4 GeV, |η μ |<2.4, invariant mass m μμ >10 GeV, and p T,μμ <2 GeV. The primary background from single-dissociative processes is extracted from the data using a template fitting technique. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of m μμ , absolute pair rapidity (|y μμ |), scattering angle in the dimuon rest frame (| cos $\mathscr{O}$$^{*}_{μμ}$|), and the colliding photon energies. The total cross section of the UPC γγ → μ + μ - process in the fiducial volume is measured to be $σ^{μμ}_{fid}$ = 34.1 ± 0.3(stat.) ± 0.7(syst.) μb. Generally good agreement is found with calculations from STARlight, which incorporate the leading-order Breit-Wheeler process with no final-state effects, albeit differences between the measurements and theoretical expectations are observed. In particular, the measured cross sections at larger |y μμ | are found to be about 10–20% larger in data than in the calculations, suggesting the presence of larger fluxes of photons in the initial state. Modification of the dimuon cross sections in the presence of forward and/or backward neutron production is also studied and is found to be associated with a harder incoming photon spectrum, consistent with expectations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Dynamical model of φ meson photoproduction on the nucleon and 4 He

We investigate φ meson photoproduction on the nucleon and the 4 He targets within a dynamical model approach based on a Hamiltonian which describes the production mechanisms by the Pomeron-exchange, meson-exchanges, φ radiations, and nucleon resonance excitations mechanisms. The final φN interactions are included being described by the gluon-exchange, direct φN couplings, and the box-diagrams arising from the couplings with πN, ρN, KΛ, and KΣ channels. The parameters of the Hamiltonian are determined by the experimental data of γp → φp from the CLAS Collaboration. The resulting Hamiltonian is then used to predict the coherent φ-meson production on the 4 He targets by using the distorted-wave impulse approximation. For the proton target, the final φN rescattering effects, as required by the unitarity condition, are found to be very weak, which supports the earlier calculations in the literature. For the 4 He targets, the predicted differential cross sections are in good agreement with the data obtained by the LEPS Collaboration. Furthermore, the role of each mechanism in this reaction is discussed and predictions for a wide range of scattering angles are presented, which can be tested in future experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Study of charged-particle emission in neutron reactions on 10 B

The 10 B + n system has been studied by measuring charged particles from neutron-induced reactions in the 1 to 20 MeV energy range. Protons, deuterons, tritons, and α particles were measured at four angles using the pulsed white neutron spectrum at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Weapons Neutron Research facility. Differential cross sections for each species are reported. These new data are combined with literature data in an R-matrix analysis of the 11 B compound system. Furthermore, a comparison is made to the molecular and cluster states candidates observed in these reactions.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Measurement of muon pairs produced via γ γ scattering in nonultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a measurement of dimuon photoproduction in nonultraperipheral Pb + Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV are presented. The measurement uses ATLAS data from the 2015 and 2018 Pb + Pb data-taking periods at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 1.94 nb –1 . The γγ → μ + μ – pairs are identified via selections on pair momentum asymmetry and acoplanarity. Differential cross sections for dimuon production are measured in different centrality, average muon momentum, and pair rapidity intervals as functions of acoplanarity and k ⊥ , the transverse momentum kick of one muon relative to the other. Measurements are also made as a function of the rapidity separation of the muons and the angle of the muon pair relative to the second-order event plane to test whether magnetic fields generated in the quark-gluon plasma affect the measured muons. A prior observation of a centrality-dependent broadening of the acoplanarity distribution is confirmed. Furthermore, the improved precision of the measurement reveals a depletion in the number of pairs having small acoplanarity or k ⊥ values in more central collisions. The acoplanarity distributions in a given centrality interval are observed to vary with the mean p T of the muons in the pair, but the k ⊥ distributions do not. Comparisons with recent theoretical predictions are made. The predicted trends associated with effects of magnetic fields on the dimuons are not observed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Semirelativistic antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for the production of energetic neutrons in intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions

Relativistic corrections have been made in the nonrelativistic antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (amd) simulations to apply to the high-energy neutron production in the 12 C + 12 C and 16 O + 12 C collisions at incident energies of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon. The corrections are made in kinematics alone and neither nucleon-nucleon inelastic scatterings nor meson productions are taken into account, and amd with the relativistic corrections is called semirelativistic amd. The three-nucleon collision (3NC) and Fermi boost in the collision processes are taken into account in the nonrelativistic AMD. Since the relativistic corrections tend to compensate in each other, the difference between the semirelativistic and nonrelativistic results become small. High-energy tails of the available experimental neutron double-differential cross sections, especially at larger angles, are well reproduced by amd with the 3NC term both with nonrelativistic and semirelativistic simulations. Furthermore, these results indicate that the high-energy neutrons are dominantly produced by the 3NC process in this incident energy range.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Microscopic optical potentials for medium-mass isotopes derived at the first order of Watson multiple-scattering theory

We perform a first-principles calculation of optical potentials for nucleon elastic scattering off medium-mass isotopes. Fully based on a saturating chiral Hamiltonian, the optical potentials are derived by folding nuclear density distributions computed with self-consistent Green's function theory with a nucleon-nucleon t matrix computed with a consistent chiral interaction. The dependence on the folding interaction as well as the convergence of the target densities are investigated. Numerical results are presented and discussed for differential cross sections and analyzing powers, with focus on elastic proton scattering off calcium and nickel isotopes. Our optical potentials generally show a remarkable agreement with the available experimental data for laboratory energies in the range 65–200 MeV. We study the evolution of the scattering observables with increasing proton-neutron asymmetry by computing theoretical predictions of the cross section and analyzing power over the calcium and nickel isotopic chains. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Physics↗

Ab initio leading order effective potential for elastic proton scattering based on the symmetry-adapted no-core shell model

Calculating microscopic optical potentials for elastic scattering at intermediate energies from light nuclei in an ab initio fashion within the Watson expansion has been established within the last few years. Based on the Watson expansion of the multiple scattering series, we employ a nonlocal translationally invariant nuclear density derived within the symmetry-adapted no-core shell model (SA-NCSM) framework from a chiral next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) nucleon-nucleon interaction and the very same interaction for a consistent full-folding calculation of the effective (optical) potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering for medium-heavy nuclei. The leading order effective (optical) folding potential is computed by integrating over a translationally invariant SA-NCSM one-body scalar density, spin-projected momentum distribution, and the Wolfenstein amplitudes 𝐴, 𝐶, and 𝑀. The resulting nonlocal potentials serve as input for a momentum space Lippmann-Schwinger equation. In the SA-NCSM, the model space is systematically up-selected using Sp⁡(3,ℝ) symmetry considerations. For the light nucleus of 6 He, we establish a systematic selection scheme in the SA-NCSM for scattering observables. Then, we apply this scheme to calculations of scattering observables, such as differential cross sections, analyzing powers, and spin rotation functions for elastic proton scattering from 20 Ne and 40 Ca in the energy regime between 65 and 200 MeV, and compare to available data. Furthermore, our calculations show that the leading order effective nucleon-nucleus potential in the Watson expansion of multiple scattering theory obtained from an up-selected SA-NCSM model space describes 40 Ca elastic scattering observables reasonably well to about 60 degrees in the center-of-mass frame, which coincides roughly with the validity of the NNLO chiral interaction used to calculate both the nucleon-nucleon amplitudes and the one-body scalar and spin nuclear densities.

Ab initio calculations↗