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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Broadband imaging system with three fields of view

Payload space limitations, high optical fidelity and the desirability of fast slew rates imply that certain broadband active pointing systems should be lightweight, compact and high performance with small moments of inertia. This paper describes a 12 inch diameter, F/5 reflective hybrid with two fields of view in the visible SWIR, and one field of view in the LWIR region. By incorporating two classic optical designs, these stringent requirements are met at a level as to assure reasonably attainable weight, size and performance estimates.

Manhart, Paul K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

On the generation of broadband electrostatic noise

Linear theory analysis and particle simulation studies were carried out to understand the mechanisms generating broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) and the effects of BEN on particles as well as the nonlinear saturation level in the geomagnetic tail region. Streaming ion beams as well as warm ions and electrons are used to model the plasma-sheet particle population. When the beam ion temperature is comparable to the temperature of the warm plasma-sheet particles, electrostatic ion cyclotron instabilities become unstable, giving rise to low-frequency noise at omega less than about n(Omega i), where Omega i is the ion gyrofrequency.

Ashour-Abdalla, M.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Integrated-Circuit Broadband Infrared Sources

Microscopic devices consume less power, run hotter, and are more reliable. Simple, compact, lightweight, rapidly-responding reference sources of broadband infrared radiation made available by integrated-circuit technology. Intended primarily for use in calibration of remote-sensing infrared instruments, devices eventually replace conventional infrared sources. New devices also replace present generation of miniature infrared sources. Self-passivating nature of poly-crystalline silicon adds to reliability of devices. Maximum operating temperature is 1,000 K, and power dissipation is only one-fourth that of prior devices.

Lamb, G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Optoelectronic techniques for broadband switching

Optoelectronic switching employs a hybrid optical/electronic principle to perform the switching function and is applicable for either analog broadband or high-bit rate digital switching. The major advantages of optoelectronic switching include high isolation, low crosstalk, small physical size, light weight, and low power consumption. These advantages make optoelectronic switching an excellent candidate for on-board satellite switching. This paper describes a number of optoelectronic switching architectures. System components required for implementing these switching architectures are discussed. Performance of these architectures are evaluated by calculating their crosstalk, isolation, insertion loss, matrix size, drive power, throughput, and switching speed. Technologies needed for monolithic optoelectronic switching are also identified.

Su, S. F.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Comment on 'Generation of broadband noise in the magnetotail by the beam acoustic instability' by P.B. Dusenbery

It is shown here that of the three plasma models for the generation of broadband noise in the magnetotail proposed by Dusenbery and Lyons (1985), two result in the same types of instabilities that are also excited in the Grabbe and Eastman (GE, 1984) model, while the third model introduces other modes not present in the GE model. For the plasma parameters given in the GE model, the ion/ion acoustic instability is a nonresonant one, even though the phase velocity of the excited waves falls within the distribution function of the core ions. The nonlinear saturation mechanism of the ion/ion acoustic instability is the trapping of both the core and the beam ions. In a reply, Dusenbery addresses several ongoing controversies which have resulted from studies of wave particle interactions in the plasma sheet boundary layer.

Omidi, N.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Forward flight effects on broadband shock associated noise of supersonic jets

The stochastic model theory of TAM (1987, 1989) for broadband shock associated noise was extended to include the effects of forward flight. The theory was applied to the forward flight simulation experiments of Norum and Shearin (1984, 1986, and 1988). Good agreement is found between calculated and measured far-field noise spectra over the flight Mach number range of 0.0 to 0.4.

Tam, Christopher K. W.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Comparison of sine dwell and broadband methods for modal testing

The objectives of modal tests for large complex spacecraft structural systems are outlined. The comparison criteria for the modal test methods, namely, the broadband excitation and the sine dwell methods, are established. Using the Galileo spacecraft modal test and the Centaur G Prime upper stage vehicle modal test as examples, the relative advantage or disadvantage of each method is examined. The usefulness or shortcomings of the methods are given from a practical engineering viewpoint.

Chen, Jay-Chung↗
NASA NTRS1989

Wave propagation effects of broadband electrostatic noise in the magnetotail

An analysis of the wave and particle data from ISEE 1 for 1978 yielded several examples of crossings between the lobe and the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) which exhibited the signatures predicted by the theoretical analysis of the generation of broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) by ion beam instabilities. These signatures are a gradual rise in the upper frequency of BEN as the spacecraft approaches the plasma boundary layer, and a very rapid rise in the upper frequency near the crossing into the PSBL from the lobe. Several examples of crossings are presented that exhibit both signatures, as well as a case of crossings in which the gradual frequency rise signature is absent but the rapid rise is present. This case exhibits a BEN in the range expected for the low-frequency ion-ion two-stream and the high-frequency Buneman instability.

Grabbe, Crockett↗
NASA NTRS1990

Ray tracing of broadband bursty radio emissions from Uranus

To determine the source position of the broadband bursty emission, rays of X-mode emissin were traced from source positions along magnetic field lines with footprints that form a large grid centered approximately on the south magnetic pole of Uranus. For large wave normal angles, source regions different from those producing b-smooth emission were found. The emission observed prior to closest approach has a source along field lines that are distinct from those which generate emissions observed after closest approach.

Curran, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Mapping transformations for broadband atmospheric radiation calculations

Two methods of mapping the line-by-line absorption coefficient (k) spectrum onto a new variable to produce a set of k coefficients which can be used for accurate and efficient broadband radiative transfer calculations in vertically inhomogeneous, nongray scattering atmospheres are described. These methods are intended for applications for which the less accurate correlated-k method is inadequate. These methods are tested for model atmospheres containing CO2 and H2O, with pressure in the range 0.05-0.9 bar. The results obtained differed by no more than 1 or 2 percent from the line-by-line results if the number of k coefficients was about 100 times less than the number required for the line-by-line calculation. These algorithms can be used for gas mixtures and for a variety of pressure-temperature profiles.

West, Robert↗
NASA NTRS1990

Single pulse vibrational Raman scattering by a broadband KrF excimer laser in a hydrogen-air flame

Spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering (VRS) is produced by a broadband excimer laser at 248 nm (KrF) in a H2-air flame, and VRS spectra are recorded for lean, stoichiometric, and rich flames. Except at very lean flame conditions, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) processes interfere with VRS Stokes lines from H2, H2O, and O2. No interference is found for the N2 Stokes and N2 anti-Stokes lines. In a stoichiometric H2/air flame, single-pulse measurements of N2 concentration and temperature (by the VRS Stokes to anti-Stokes ratio) have a relative standard deviation of 7.7 and 10 percent, respectively. These single pulse measurement errors compare well with photon statistics calculations using measured Raman cross sections.

Pitz, Robert W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Broadband shock-associated noise of moderately imperfectly expanded supersonic jets

Recently a stochastic model theory of broadband shock-associated noise from supersonic jets was developed. The theory is capable of predicting the near and far field noise spectra of slightly imperfectly expanded jets. In this paper, the noise prediction formulas are extended to the moderately imperfectly expanded Mach number range. It is found that the shock noise intensity depends only on the amplitude of the quasi-periodic shock cell structure and not on the strong first shock. This makes it possible to extend the noise prediction formulas by simply modifying the shock cell strength in the original formulas. Here this step is implemented semiempirically, and a set of shock noise prediction formulas are developed.

Tam, C. K. W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Temperature sensitivity of Eppley broadband radiometers

Broadband radiometers manufactured by Eppley Laboratories Inc. are commonly used to measure irradiance from both ground-based and aircraft platforms. Namely, the pyranometer (Model PSP) measures irradiance in the .3 to 3.0 micron spectral region while the pyrgeometer (Model PIR) senses energy in the 4 to 50 micron region. The two instruments have a similar thermopile construction but different filters to achieve the appropriate spectral selection. During the fall of 1986, the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) commenced with the first cirrus Intensive Field Observation (IFO) conducted in Central Wisconsin. Due to the nature of this field project, pyranometers and pyrgeometers manufactured by Eppley were flown on NCAR's high altitude research aircraft, the Sabreliner. Inherent in the construction of these radiometers is temperature compensation circuitry designed to make the instrument sensitivity nominally constant over a temperature range from -20 to +40 C. Because the Sabreliner flew at high altitudes where temperatures were as cold as -70 C, it was necessary to determine the radiometers relative sensitivity to temperatures below -20 C and apply appropriate corrections to the FIRE radiation data set. A procedure to perform this calibration is outlined. It is meant to serve as a supplement to calibration procedures.

Smith, William L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Design and implementation of interface units for high speed fiber optics local area networks and broadband integrated services digital networks

The design and implementation of interface units for high speed Fiber Optic Local Area Networks and Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks are discussed. During the last years, a number of network adapters that are designed to support high speed communications have emerged. This approach to the design of a high speed network interface unit was to implement package processing functions in hardware, using VLSI technology. The VLSI hardware implementation of a buffer management unit, which is required in such architectures, is described.

Tobagi, Fouad A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Ion heating by broadband low-frequency waves in the cusp/cleft

Ion heating via a cyclotron resonance process involving waves near the ion gyrofrequency is studied using data from two cusp/cleft crossings of the polar-orbiting DE 1 satellite. Observed cool O(+) distributions and wave intensities from one orbit are used as input to a Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that cyclotron resonance heating by broadband low-frequency waves can cause a major part of the ion heating observed in the cusp/cleft.

Andre, Mats↗
NASA NTRS1991

Determining surface solar absorption from broadband satellite measurements for clear skies - Comparison with surface measurements

Using data from collocated satellite pixel measurements obtained during the Earth Radiation Budget Experiement and near-surface measurements carried out at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory Tower, the shortwave (SW) surface radiation from broadband satellite measurements for clear-sky conditions was compared with surface measurements. Results demonstrate that the surface-SW absorption is a more meaningful quantity for climate studies than is surface insolation. It is also shown that a direct evaluation of the surface-SW absorption can be more accurately obtained from satellite measurements than can be surface insolation. An algorithm is presented for transferring satellite SW measurements to surface-SW absorption.

Cess, Robert D.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Simultaneous excitation of broadband electrostatic noise and electron cyclotron waves in the plasma sheet

Electron cyclotron harmonics and broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) are often observed in the earth's outer plasma sheet. While it is well known that ion beams in the plasma sheet boundary layer can generate BEN, new two-dimensional electrostatic simulations show that field-aligned ion beams with a small perpendicular ring distribution can drive not only BEN, but also electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves simultaneously. Simulation results are presented here using detailed diagnostics of wave properties, including dispersion relations of all wave modes.

Berchem, Jean P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The wavelength dependence of broadband linear polarization in cool stars

A model is developed to investigate the effect of wavelength dependence of magnetically generated broadband linear polarization (BLP) in late-type stars as a function of line blanketing, observation filters, and other variables. Linear polarization is assumed to be a single 'average' line and the line opacity, magnetic area filling factor, and continuum intensity are incorporated to establish an equation for disk-generated BLP. The method is investigated by computing special models for the flare star BY Dra and the sun which are compared to previous calculations. The model is shown to agree with the calculations of BLP, and the magnetic BLP dependent on wavelengths varies significantly from the simple power law dependences on wavelength. The model sets lower limits to the area occupied by magnetic regions, and an upper limit to the expected BLP also results from the formulation.

Saar, Steven H.↗