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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 379 records · Page 21
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

WE-AB-BRB-03: Investigation of a Small Photomultiplier-Based Probe for Use in Beam Diagnostics and Medical Dosimetry

Purpose: Investigate the use of a small photomultiplier-based probe as a possible beam diagnostic and medical dosimetry tool. Methods: Cerenkov emission produced by clinical accelerator beams was detected by a small photomultiplier tube (PMT). Measurements of Clinac beams were made both in air and by inserting the PMT directly into a water phantom. A conical collimator placed in front of the PMT reduced the angular acceptance and the detection of scattered light. With this arrangement, we obtained response curves as a function of depth along the central axis similar in shape and magnitude to those obtained with ionization chambers. Subsequent measurements were made with the PMT covered in aluminum foil, obtaining a signal arising primarily from direct Cerenkov light produced in the glass entrance window. With an oscilloscope and amplifier/MCA system, we were able to monitor the response to individual beam pulses and observe variations in the beam pulse shape and magnitude as a function of dose rate. Results: Using Cerenkov signals detected by a PMT, we were able to obtain reasonable beam quality metrics, and the response was found to be linear over a range of dose rates. The fast response of the PMT allowed for the observation of small changes in the shape and magnitude of the beam pulse. With this system we were able to detect small changes in the dose per pulse delivered by the accelerator. Conclusion: A small PMT probe has shown promise as a beam diagnostic and medical dosimetry tool. Its fast response allows for real time beam pulse monitoring, and the integrated response can yield relative and perhaps even absolute dose information with a properly calibrated system. For accelerator diagnostics, monitoring of the beam pulse shape can aid in beam tuning, particularly in electron mode, where no target current pulse is available.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Demonstration of the stabilization technique for nonplanar optical resonant cavities utilizing polarization

Based on our previously developed scheme to stabilize nonplanar optical resonant cavities utilizing polarization caused by a geometric phase in electromagnetic waves traveling along a twisted path, we report an application of the technique for a cavity installed in the Accelerator Test Facility, a 1.3-GeV electron beam accelerator at KEK, in which photons are generated by laser-Compton scattering. We successfully achieved a power enhancement of 1200 with 1.4% fluctuation, which means that the optical path length of the cavity has been controlled with a precision of 14 pm under an accelerator environment. In addition, polarization switching utilizing a geometric phase of the nonplanar cavity was demonstrated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2010

Numerical 1D PIC-simulations of ion acceleration during laser-plasma interaction: Optimization of a two-component multilayered target structure

Ion beam acceleration is simulated using a one-dimensional 1D2P PIC code. The dependences of the maximum energy and width of the energy spectrum of the generated ion beams on the duration and intensity of laser radiation, as well as on the target parameters (thickness and number of layers, types and densities of atoms), are investigated. The optimal target configuration at which the energy of the accelerated ions is maximum (5-160 MeV for intensities of 5 x 10{sup 18-5} x 10{sup 20} W/cm{sup 2}) is found. The optimal target configuration is shown to depend on the intensity and be independent of the laser pulse duration.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2010

Diagnostics for ion beam driven high energy density physics experiments

Intense beams of heavy ions are capable of heating volumetric samples of matter to high energy density. Experiments are performed on the resulting warm dense matter (WDM) at the NDCX-I ion beam accelerator. The 0.3 MeV, 30 mA K{sup +} beam from NDCX-I heats foil targets by combined longitudinal and transverse neutralized drift compression of the ion beam. Both the compressed and uncompressed parts of the NDCX-I beam heat targets. The exotic state of matter (WDM) in these experiments requires specialized diagnostic techniques. We have developed a target chamber and fielded target diagnostics including a fast multichannel optical pyrometer, optical streak camera, laser Doppler-shift interferometer (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector), beam transmission diagnostics, and high-speed gated cameras. We also present plans and opportunities for diagnostic development and a new target chamber for NDCX-II.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Experiment and simulations of sub-ps electron bunch train generation at Fermilab photoinjectors

Recently the generation of electron bunch trains with sub-picosecond time structure has been experimentally demonstrated at the A0 photoinjector of Fermilab using a transverse-longitudinal phase-space exchange beamline. The temporal profile of the bunch train can be easily tuned to meet the requirements of the applications of modern accelerator beams. In this paper we report the A0 bunch-train experiment and explore numerically the possible extension of this technique to shorter time scales at the Fermilab SRF Accelerator Test Facility, a superconducting linear electron accelerator currently under construction in the NML building.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Phase space manipulations for optimization of an inverse free electron laser

The Inverse Free Electron Laser (IFEL) has developed into a mature advanced accelerator with the ability to produce mono energetic high brightness beams accelerated at gradients beyond those of conventional RF technology. By copropagating a relativistic electron beam and a high power laser in a strongly tapered undulator, resonant energy exchange can be maintained over large distances. To optimize the number of electrons accelerated in an IFEL, one must prepare the initial electron beam phase space such that a majority of particles are injected at the accelerating phase of the ponderomotive potential. We present a scheme for optimization of the Rubicon IFEL accelerator trapping by preparing the initial electron beam phase space. Utilizing two cascaded modulator-chicane pre-bunchers simulations predict 95% capture of the injected electron beam.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRS2005

METHOD OF PRODUCING AND ACCELERATING AN ION BEAM

A method of producing and accelerating an ion beam comprising the steps of providing a magnetic field with a cusp that opens in an outward direction along a centerline that passes through a vertex of the cusp: providing an ionizing gas that sprays outward through at least one capillary-like orifice in a plenum that is positioned such that the orifice is on the centerline in the cusp, outward of the vortex of the cusp; providing a cathode electron source, and positioning it outward of the orifice and off of the centerline; and positively charging the plenum relative to the cathode electron source such that the plenum functions as m anode. A hot filament may be used as the cathode electron source, and permanent magnets may be used to provide the magnetic field.

Foster, John E.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Accelerator-Based Neutrino Beams

Over the past six decades, accelerator-based neutrino beams have revolutionized particle physics. Neutrinos created with accelerators have been used to discover the muon neutrino and tau neutrinos was discovered and to confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations. More recently, long-baseline experiments have offered the first experimental hint of CP violation in the neutrino sector. Building and operating such beams is an enormous technical challenge, yet they remain our most versatile tool for studying neutrinos. With new experiments such as DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande, and ideas such as neutrino factories, the next generation of beams will address open questions about neutrino mass ordering, CP violation, and possible physics beyond the standard model.

Fields, Laura [Notre Dame U.] (ORCID:0000000182813↗
DOE OSTI2015

Commissioning and Operation of 12 GeV CEBAF

The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) has been recently upgraded to deliver continuous electron beams to the experimental users at a maximum energy of 12 GeV, three times the original design energy of 4 GeV. This paper will present an overview of the upgrade, referred to as the 12GeV upgrade, and highlights from recent beam commissioning results.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Imposing strong correlated energy spread on relativistic bunches with transverse deflecting cavities

We demonstrate a novel scheme for imposing or removing large energy chirp on relativistic electron bunches. This method relies on the transverse-to-longitudinal mixing accomplished with a set of transverse deflecting cavities. The working principles of the new concept are explained using the first-order matrix formalism in the approximation of the linear single-particle dynamics. The scheme demonstrates versatility regarding the average beam energy and, hence, positioning along the accelerator beam line. The performance of the scheme is numerically investigated with the elegant particle-tracking code. It is shown that the associated nonlinear effects causing emittance deterioration for the extreme quantities of the total energy spread can be effectively compensated by optimization of the Twiss parameters while relying on the eigenemittance analysis. The impact of the longitudinal space charge effects on the beam dynamics in the proposed scheme is also investigated.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Status and Plans for an SRF Accelerator Test Facility at Fermilab

A superconducting RF accelerator test facility is currently under construction at Fermilab. The accelerator will consist of an electron gun, 40 MeV injector, beam acceleration section consisting of 3 TTF-type or ILC-type cryomodules, and multiple downstream beam lines for testing diagnostics and performing beam experiments. With 3 cryomodules installed this facility will initially be capable of generating an 810 MeV electron beam with ILC beam intensity. The facility can accommodate up to 6 cryomodules for a total beam energy of 1.5 GeV. This facility will be used to test SRF cryomodules under high intensity beam conditions, RF power equipment, instrumentation, and LLRF and controls systems for future SRF accelerators such as the ILC and Project-X. This paper describes the current status and overall plans for this facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dual AC Dipole Excitation for the Measurement of Magnetic Multipole Strength from Beam Position Monitor Data

An experiment was conducted at Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility to develop a technique for characterizing the nonlinear fields of the beam transport system. Two air-core dipole magnets were simultaneously driven at two different frequencies to provide a time-dependent transverse modulation of the electron beam. Fourier decomposition of beam position monitor data was then used to measure the amplitude of these frequencies at different positions along the beamline. For a purely linear transport system one expects to find solely the frequencies that were applied to the dipoles with amplitudes that depend on the phase advance of the lattice. In the presence of nonlinear fields one expects to also find harmonics of the driving frequencies that depend on the order of the nonlinearity. The technique was calibrated using one of the sextupole magnets in a CEBAF beamline and then applied to a dipole to measure the sextupole and octupole strength of the magnet. A comparison is made between the beam-based measurements, results from TOSCA and data from our Magnet Measurement Facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

The science case for an intermediate energy advanced and novel accelerator linear collider facility

It is widely accepted that the next lepton collider beyond a Higgs factory would require center-of-mass energy of the order of up to 15 TeV. Since, given reasonable space and cost restrictions, conventional accelerator technology reaches its limits near this energy, high-gradient advanced acceleration concepts are attractive. Advanced and novel accelerators (ANAs) are leading candidates due to their ability to produce acceleration gradients on the order of 1–100 GV/m, leading to compact acceleration facilities. However, intermediate energy facilities (IEF) are required to test the critical technology elements on the way towards multi-TeV-class colliders. Here a science case for a 20–100 GeV center-of-mass energy ANA-based lepton collider that can be a candidate for an intermediate energy facility is presented. The IEF can provide numerous opportunities for high energy physics studies including precision Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond the Standard Model physics measurements, investigation of charged particle interactions with extreme electromagnetic fields, and exploring muon and proton beam acceleration. Possible applications of this collider include the studies of γγ and electron beam-fixed target/beamdump collider designs. Thus, the goal of the proposed IEF is to both carry out particle physics measurements in the 20-100 GeV ranges as well as to serve as an ANA demonstrator facility.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2018

An Online Beam Loss Monitor for NSLS-II Storage Ring

Reliable beam loss monitors are important tools for the safe operation of the accelerators. Beam loss monitors provide valuable information on the magnitude and location of the particle beam loss inside the accelerator enclosures. In the synchrotron radiation facilities, the electron accelerator enclosures experience a mixed radiation environment, consisting of low energy x-ray background along with bremsstrahlung and photoneutrons.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

SPS Beam Steering for LHC Extraction

The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerates beams for the Large Hadron Collider to 450 GeV. In addition it produces beams for fixed target facilities which adds complexity to the SPS operation. During the run 2012-2013 drifts of the extracted beam trajectories have been observed and lengthy optimizations in the transfer lines were performed to reduce particle losses in the LHC. The observed trajectory drifts are consistent with the measured SPS orbit drifts at extraction. While extensive studies are going on to understand, and possibly suppress, the source of such SPS orbit drifts the feasibility of an automatic beam steering towards a “golden” orbit at the extraction septa, by means of the interlocked correctors, is also being investigated. The challenges and constraints related to the implementation of such a correction in the SPS are described. Simulation results are presented and a possible operational steering strategy is proposed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

FFA BEAM TRANSPORT DEMONSTRATION DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CEBAF 22 GeV UPGRADE

Jefferson Lab is planning an upgrade of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to deliver highly polarized electron beams up to 22 GeV using Fixed- Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) magnets. As the application of FFA technology in the 10–22 GeV energy range is unprecedented, experimental validation is required prior to full-scale implementation. To support this effort, a dedicated FFA test insert is proposed within the existing CEBAF infrastructure, with candidate locations in the Beam Switchyard (BSY) dump line or the Hall C beamline. The testbed will consist of a half or full FFA cell using combined-function permanent magnets and will enable systematic studies of beam transport, field quality, alignment, and magnet performance under realistic conditions. Operation with polarized beams in the 5–11 GeV range will closely replicate the energy scaling of the full upgrade. This paper presents the current design status and layout options for the proposed FFA beam transport test line.

Ogur, S. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Fa↗
DOE OSTI2017

Landau Damping with Electron Lenses in Space-Charge Dominated Beams

Progress on the Intensity Frontier of high energy physics critically depends on record high intensity charged particles accelerators. Beams in such machines become operationally limited by coherent beam instabilities, particularly enhanced in the regime of strong space charge (SC). Usual methods to control the instabilities, such as octupole magnets, beam feedback dampers and employment of chromatic effects, become less effective and insufficient. In [1] it was proposed to employ electron lenses for introduction of sufficient spread in particle oscillation frequencies needed for beam stabilization and in [2] it was shown that electron lenses are uniquely effective for Landau damping of transverse beam instabilities in high energy particle accelerators and their employment does not compromise incoherent (single particle) stability, dynamic aperture and the beam lifetime. Here we consider an important issue of effectiveness of the Landau damping with electron lenses in space-charge dominated beams and demonstrate that the desired stability can be assured with proper choice of the electron beam parameters and current distributions.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploratory splitter bend system designs for FFA@CEBAF

An upgrade to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) is anticipated to provide an electron beam of over 20 GeV using the existing superconducting-RF linear accelerator and new fixed-field alternating (FFA) gradient recirculation arcs made up of Halbach-style permanent magnets. In the current design, the FFA arcs will carry six beams with energies of approximately 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, and 22 GeV which will require horizontal splitter lines to match the beam from the preceding linac. In this paper, we describe two alternative splitter beamline designs that are tuned to match the beam's Twiss parameters, R56, time-of-flight, bend-plane offset, and dispersion into the FFA cells.

Accelerator Physics↗