Urban Air Mobility (UAM)
ARMD's urban air mobility strategy, including key activities of UMLs, Grand Challenge series, UAM ecosystem working groups, supply chain management, and modeling simulation tools.
Kopardekar, Parimal H.↗
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DEVELOP Poster: Louisville Urban Development
Greenness and land surface temperature (LST) have been extensively correlated to urban public health. Chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular illnesses have been linked to regions of high LST and areas lacking urban green spaces. One of our partners, the University of Louisville Envirome Institute, champions the importance of urban green spaces. Their research has pioneered efforts in increasing the area and accessibility of urban parks and greenspaces as a way to improve public health and combat environmental inequality. Louisville, Kentucky, is currently working to plant and manage urban trees. Our team used NASA Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) imagery to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in Louisville at the census tract level and automated the process for use in other cities. The New York University School of Medicine’s City Health Dashboard displays public health metrics across 500 US cities and will use our methods to complete the NDVI analysis for all of these locations plus an additional 293 cities they are adding to their dashboard in the near future. Our NDVI and LST calculations will allow cites across the US to make informed decisions about reducing environmental inequality by focusing on areas with low NDVI and high LST.
Urban Development↗
Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2022 Quicklook Report
This report summarizes the Desert Research and Technology Studies (D-RATS) 2022 analog tests. BACKGROUND - Artemis Challenges – NASA’s concept of operations (ConOps) for the Artemis mission architecture brings new challenges for human exploration of the lunar surface, including: (1) Low-angle, natural lighting at lunar poles; and (2) Exploration sites that challenge communication with Earth. - International Partner Involvement – NASA is working with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to scope mission & functional requirements for an Artemis Pressurized Rover (PR), which JAXA may provide. - Charter – HQ Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate (ESDMD) Moon to Mars Architecture Development Office (M2MADO) Strategy and Architectures (SA) chartered the Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) test team to investigate Artemis architectural questions related to pressurized rover ConOps. - Rationale – to inform the NASA/JAXA pressurized rover study-agreement. PLAN - Objectives – Analog tests conducted in October 2022 by the D-RATS team addressed three high-level objectives: 1. Investigate pressurized rover (PR) ConOps and capabilities for Artemis exploration 2. Integrate with JAXA engineers & astronauts and incorporate JAXA PR design elements into testing. 3. Re-establish analog field-testing skills & capabilities with rovers to investigate Artemis architecture ConOps. - Secondary Objectives – Work with other groups to leverage D-RATS field test for additional objectives. 4. Work with the Public Affairs Office (PAO) to perform D-RATS public outreach activities. 5. Coordinate with the Human Physiology Performance Protection & Operations (H-3PO) team to facilitate in-field evaluation of human health and performance (HHP) objectives. 6. Share D-RATS field-site and assets with Lunar LTE Studies (Lunar LiTES) team, to aid their study of the use of 4G/LTE communication protocols and devices for astronauts and robotic nodes on the lunar surface. - Team – Fully integrated test team comprised of members from 5 NASA centers, JAXA, and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) - Location – Black Point Lava Flow, ~40 miles north of Flagstaff, AZ HIGH-LEVEL OBJECTIVES ACCOMPLISHED - Investigated Pressurized Rover ConOps & Capabilities for Artemis Exploration (Objective 1) - Completed testing with 4 crew pairs, each spending 3 days and 2 nights in the rover conducting Artemis PR dayin-the-life activities (2 JAXA astronauts, 2 JAXA engineers, 1 NASA astronaut, 3 NASA engineers). - Collected detailed objective & subjective data supporting 10 strategic questions related to Artemis PR operations. - Field geologists present in field observed rover operations & EVAs. - Science team in Houston MCC communicated directly with crew. - Demonstrated crew-led and MCC-led PR teleoperation use cases during EVAs. - Integrated with JAXA Engineers & Astronauts and Incorporated JAXA PR Design Elements into Testing (Objective 2) - NASA & JAXA engineers, flight controllers, scientists, roboticists, and astronauts directly participated in and/or observed testing both in field and in MCC-Houston. - Incorporated JAXA PR design elements into both integrated and standalone testing at JSC and in the field. - Re-established Analog Field-Testing Skills & Capabilities with Rovers to Investigate Artemis Architecture ConOps (Objective 3) - Multiple teams successfully worked to establish and manage field-test base camp, monitor and maintain the rover, and plan and execute 2 weeks of consecutive field-testing with little to no breaks between crews. TEST OUTCOMES - Results will inform Artemis architecture ConOps & capabilities related to pressurized rover operations (see sections 2 for more details) - Summary and team detailed reports will be posted on the D-RATS 2022 wiki
Analog↗
Recent Ground-based Test Results for the Closed Loop Two-Phase Flow Chilldown Test Module for Future Integration with the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment onboard International Space Station
Effective cryogenic fluid management is important to the success of future manned and unmanned NASA missions, and the transfer line chilldown process is recognized as a key technological challenge. To address this challenge, the Two-phase Flow and Thermal Management Lab (TFTML) at Case Western Reserve University is collaborating with NASA Glenn Research Center to develop, test and deploy a closed loop two-phase flow chilldown test section onboard the International Space Station to be integrated with the current Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) module. The final results of this project will create the first chilldown process database under pure and sustained microgravity conditions and will significantly advance the understanding of the chilldown process for cryogenic fluid management. In the present work, the ground-based test results of the closed loop SS-316 chilldown test section in a horizontal configuration at varying inlet mass flow rates (3-40 g/s) and inlet liquid subcooling (5-35 0C) are presented. The working fluid is PF-5060 and the chilldown curves captured the entire quenching curve involving the different boiling regimes and temperature transition points viz., film boiling, Leidenfrost/re-wetting point, transition boiling, critical heat flux (CHF), nucleate boiling, onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) and single-phase liquid flow regions, when the test section is pre-heated to around 250 0C. The major findings of the present study are, (i) the bottom part of the test section sees a lower re-wetting temperature due to the horizontal flow configuration, (ii) the re-wetting temperatures are relatively unaffected by inlet liquid mass flow rates though the increase in mass flow rates reduce the chilldown time, and (iii) the re-wetting temperatures decrease with decrease in inlet liquid subcooling. Further, preliminary flow visualization studies in a transparent pyrex test section will also be presented to understand the intricate flow boiling regime transitions during the chilldown process.
ISS↗
An Overview of NASA’s Airborne and Field Data Resource Center
A key recommendation from NASA’s 2022 Airborne and Field Data Workshop called for the development of a virtual Resource Center for all stakeholders across the data lifecycle of airborne and field Earth observations. The agency’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project and Airborne Data Management Group (ADMG) have worked in concert to establish the newly launched NASA Airborne and Field Data Resource Center (AFDRC) to provide a single entry point for a wide assortment of information on and the effective, responsible stewardship of non-satellite observational data. The AFDRC compiles access to many existing resources, but does so in a newly organized way that integrates availability to increase efficiency and holistic understanding while simplifying users’ experience. Initially launched in fall of 2023, the AFDRC is a NASA Earthdata domain website that clarifies several previously disparate resources and provides newly updated information, including: Learning Resources: Educational resources to broaden understanding of the role airborne and field observations play in advancing understanding of our planet and NASA’s role in collecting and archiving these data. Support for data users to Find and Access Data: Advanced contextual browse/search capabilities that efficiently link researchers to data products suitable for their science objectives - this includes linking to NASA’s Catalog of Archived Suborbital Earth Science Investigations (CASEI). Working with Data: Tools specific to individual types of suborbital Earth Science data and their (inter-)disciplinary communities to provide access as well as guidance for their application. Stewardship Responsibilities: Resources for data producers with to lessen requirement burdens at the time of data transfer, and information for data stewards with consistent, authoritative guidance on best practices and agency- and/or community- specific archival procedures. This presentation will give an overview of the motivation for NASA’s AFDRC, approach for the design and content, iterative community-driven improvements, promote the use of the AFDRC, and solicit additional feedback from airborne and field data user communities.
Sara Lubkin↗
Converter/Compressor Building Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) #89 Monitoring Well 21 Area Interim Measure Work Plan
This Work Plan details the approach and design for the Interim Measure (IM) to remediate groundwater within the MW21 Area where VOC concentrations exceed Florida Department of Environmental Protection Natural Attenuation Default Concentrations. The IM includes in-situ bioremediation via injection of emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) and emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI). The in-situ bioremediation technology consists of injecting an electron donor substrate into the subsurface to promote microbial breakdown of VOCs. The EVO injections for this IM are designed based on the use of Provectus ERD-CH4, which is a vegetable oil/carbon substrate mixture. The EZVI injections for this IM are designed based on the use of Provectus EZVI-CH4. The IM treatment layout consists of nine injection locations of EVO at approximately 10-foot radius of influence (ROI) and three injections locations of EZVI at approximately 6-foot ROI. The injection method will be direct push using a DPT rig. The overall injection depths range from 7 to 17 ft bls. The 7 ft bls top depth is designed to be 2 ft below the water table to prevent substrates from reaching the top of the water table. Injections are planned to be implemented using 2 ft intervals and will take place using a bottom-up approach to 2 ft below the water table. This work plan further describes the IM design, injection calculations, performance monitoring plan, and provides an injection layout. Revision 1 of this Work Plan includes quarterly performance sampling during Year 1 in accordance with F.A.C. 62-780. These changes are reflected in Section 7 and Table 2 of the Work Plan.
Mark J Jonnet↗
In-time Safety Management Capabilities for Wildland Fire Management Aircraft Operations - A Gap Assessment
This study assesses the in-time safety management services, functions, and capabilities (SFCs)being investigated by NASA’s System Wide Safety (SWS) project to determine applicability to the project’s planned safety demonstrator (SD-1) for wildland fire management. The purpose of this work is to evaluate how effectively existing SFCs address the different hazards presented by a safety demonstrator operating in a wildland fire management scenario. This will help inform decision makers which SFCs would provide the most cost-effective solutions to fill the hazard gaps for further research. Hazards for the safety demonstrator wildland fire management scenario were collated, and the SFCs were evaluated for each hazard based on how applicable and effective the unmodified SFCs are at addressing the hazard. The SFCs are also evaluated for the gap type that needs to be addressed to improve the SFC effectiveness for the given hazard. The key finding of this assessment is that all the existing SFCs require at least some research and development to adapt to the safety demonstrator. No single SFC fully addresses any of the safety demonstrator operation hazards. The result of this study will be used to determine the performance of current SFCs and suggest strategies to adapt existing SFCs or add new SFCs.
Patricia Revolinsky↗
Risk-Informed Decision Making: Application to Technology Development Alternative Selection
NASA NPR 8000.4A, Agency Risk Management Procedural Requirements, defines risk management in terms of two complementary processes: Risk-informed Decision Making (RIDM) and Continuous Risk Management (CRM). The RIDM process is used to inform decision making by emphasizing proper use of risk analysis to make decisions that impact all mission execution domains (e.g., safety, technical, cost, and schedule) for program/projects and mission support organizations. The RIDM process supports the selection of an alternative prior to program commitment. The CRM process is used to manage risk associated with the implementation of the selected alternative. The two processes work together to foster proactive risk management at NASA. The Office of Safety and Mission Assurance at NASA Headquarters has developed a technical handbook to provide guidance for implementing the RIDM process in the context of NASA risk management and systems engineering. This paper summarizes the key concepts and procedures of the RIDM process as presented in the handbook, and also illustrates how the RIDM process can be applied to the selection of technology investments as NASA's new technology development programs are initiated.
Dezfuli, Homayoon↗
Automated File Transfer and Storage Management Concepts for Space
This presentation will summarize work that has been done to prototype and analyze approaches for automated file transfer and storage management for space missions. The concepts were prototyped in an environment with data files being generated at the target mission rates and stored in onboard files. The space-to-ground link was implemented using a channel simulator to introduce representative mission delays and errors. The system was operated for days with data files building up on the spacecraft and periodically being transferred to ground storage during a limited contact time. Overall performance was measured to identify limits under which the entire data volume could be transferred automatically while still fitting into the mission s limited contact time. The overall concepts, measurements, and results will be presented.
Hogie, Keith↗
Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) and ATM-X
This is a slide set to be used as part of a panel presentation at the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International's XPONENTIAL event. The contents present the organization of the work in Upper Class E Traffic Management (ETM) within the Project structure, the background and need for the work, ongoing efforts, and next steps.
Upper E↗
Planning and managing future space facility projects
To learn how ground-based personnel of a space project plan and organize their work and how such planning and organizing relate to work outcomes, longitudinal study of the management and execution of the Space Lab Mission Development Test 3 (SMD 3) was performed at NASA Ames Research Center. A view of the problems likely to arise in organizations and some methods of coping with these problems are presented as well as the conclusions and recommendations that pertain strictly to SMD 3 management. Emphasis is placed on the broader context of future space facility projects and additional problems that may be anticipated. A model of management that may be used to facilitate problem solving and communication - management by objectives (MBO) is presented. Some problems of communication and emotion management that MBO does not address directly are considered. Models for promoting mature, constructive and satisfying emotional relationships among group members are discussed.
Sieber, J. E.↗
An overview of the USL/DBMS NASA/PC R and D project working paper series
An introduction is given to the University of Southwestern Louisiana Data Base Management System (USL/DBMS) NASA/PC R and D Working Paper Series which has been established to provide a foundation for both a formal and informal information dissemination mechanism concerning PC-based research and development activities being performed pursuant to the NASA contract. This entry also serves as an index to the collection of Working Paper Series reports.
Dominick, Wayne D.↗
Aerothermodynamics at NASA-Langley Research Center
The Aerothermodynamics Branch at NASA - Langley Research Center is tasked with developing, assessing and applying aerothermodynamic technologies to enable the development of hypersonic aircraft, launch vehicles, and planetary/earth entry systems. To accomplish this mission, the Branch capitalizes on the synergism between the experimental and computational facilities/tools which reside in the branch and a staff that can draw on five decades of experience in aerothermodynamics. The Aerothermodynamics Branch is staffed by 30 scientists/engineers. The staff, of which two-thirds are less than 40 years old, is split evenly between experimentalists and computationalists. Approximately 90 percent of the staff work on space transportation systems while the remainder work on planetary missions. The Branch manages 5 hypersonic wind tunnels which are staffed by 14 technicians, numerous high end work stations and a SGI Origin 2000 system. The Branch also utilizes other test facilities located at Langley as well as other national and international test sites. Large scale computational requirements are met by access to Agency resources.
Weilmuenster, K. James↗
Potential of a Plant Gas Exchange Mechanistic Model to Predict Plant Transpiration in Veggie on ISS
Plants are an essential part of long-duration space travel, as they enable food production and contribute to air revitalization through photosynthesis, and water recycling through transpiration. Understanding their growth mechanisms is essential to use them to sustain human life in space. In particular, gas exchange – e.g., CO2 absorption and water transpiration – are modified in microgravity because of the lack of buoyancy-driven convection, and in the long run, this could result in impaired plant growth. Water absorbed by the plants mainly depends on their size and on environmental conditions (air temperature, humidity and ventilation), but in microgravity watering plants is a delicate operation – too much water results in flooded roots and too little water leads in a few hours to wilted plants. This is regularly experienced in the Veggie system on ISS, which enables small-scale food production in microgravity since 2014. This presentation explores how a mechanistic model of plant gas exchange can help predict plant transpiration in Veggie and thus better predict daily watering. For each plant, inputs on canopy leaf area (acquired with daily photos), air temperature and relative humidity in the plant compartment, as well as airspeed at the top of its canopy enable accurate predictions of transpiration in microgravity. This brings a better understanding of water movement through the plant in microgravity in relation to ventilation and plant size and would result in easier management of plant watering in Veggie. Ultimately, this work could be applied to any space crop production in microgravity and be used for water management and yield predictions. This work was funded by NASA Space Biology through NASA postdoctoral program / USRA.
Lucie Poulet↗
Potential of a Plant Gas Exchange Mechanistic Model to Predict Plant Transpiration in Veggie on ISS
Plants are an essential part of long-duration space travel, as they enable food production and contribute to air revitalization through photosynthesis, and water recycling through transpiration. Understanding their growth mechanisms is essential to use them to sustain human life in space. In particular, gas exchange – e.g., CO2 absorption and water transpiration – are modified in microgravity because of the lack of buoyancy-driven convection, and in the long run, this could result in impaired plant growth. Water absorbed by the plants mainly depends on their size and on environmental conditions (air temperature, humidity and ventilation), but in microgravity watering plants is a delicate operation – too much water results in flooded roots and too little water leads in a few hours to wilted plants. This is regularly experienced in the Veggie system on ISS, which enables small-scale food production in microgravity since 2014. This presentation explores how a mechanistic model of plant gas exchange can help predict plant transpiration in Veggie and thus better predict daily watering. For each plant, inputs on canopy leaf area (acquired with daily photos), air temperature and relative humidity in the plant compartment, as well as airspeed at the top of its canopy enable accurate predictions of transpiration in microgravity. This brings a better understanding of water movement through the plant in microgravity in relation to ventilation and plant size and would result in easier management of plant watering in Veggie. Ultimately, this work could be applied to any space crop production in microgravity and be used for water management and yield predictions. This work was funded by NASA Space Biology through NASA postdoctoral program / USRA.
Lucie Poulet↗
A Three-fold Outlook of the Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology Program Office (UEET)
The Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Office at NASA Glenn Research Center is a part of the Aeronautics Directorate. Its vision is to develop and hand off revolutionary turbine engine propulsion technologies that will enable future generation vehicles over a wide range of flight speeds. There are seven different technology area projects of UEET. During my tenure at NASA Glenn Research Center, my assignment was to assist three different areas of UEET, simultaneously. I worked with Kathy Zona in Education Outreach, Lynn Boukalik in Knowledge Management, and Denise Busch with Financial Management. All of my tasks were related to the business side of UEET. As an intern with Education Outreach I created a word search to partner with an exhibit of a Turbine Engine developed out of the UEET office. This exhibit is a portable model that is presented to students of varying ages. The word search complies with National Standards for Education which are part of every science, engineering, and technology teachers curriculum. I also updated a Conference Planning/Workshop Excel Spreadsheet for the UEET Office. I collected and inputted facility overviews from various venues, both on and off site to determine where to hold upcoming conferences. I then documented which facilities were compliant with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990. The second area in which I worked was Knowledge Management. a large knowledge management system online which has extensive documentation that continually needs reviewing, updating, and archiving. Knowledge management is the ability to bring individual or team knowledge to an organizational level so that the information can be stored, shared, reviewed, archived. Livelink and a secure server are the Knowledge Management systems that UEET utilizes, Through these systems, I was able to obtain the documents needed for archiving. My assignment was to obtain intellectual property including reports, presentations, or any other documents related to the project. My next task was to document the author, date of creation, and all other properties of each document. To archive these documents I worked extensively with Microsoft Excel. different financial systems of accounting such as the SAP business accounting system. I also learned the best ways to present financial data and shadowed my mentor as she presented financial data to both UEET's project management and the Resources Analysis and Management Office (RAMO). I analyzed the June 2004 financial data of UEET and used Microsoft Excel to input the results of the data. This process made it easier to present the full cost of the project in the month of June. In addition I assisted in the End of the Year 2003 Reconciliation of Purchases of UEET.
Graham, La Quilia E.↗
Intelligent Work Process Engineering System
Optimizing performance on work activities and processes requires metrics of performance for management to monitor and analyze in order to support further improvements in efficiency, effectiveness, safety, reliability and cost. Information systems are therefore required to assist management in making timely, informed decisions regarding these work processes and activities. Currently information systems regarding Space Shuttle maintenance and servicing do not exist to make such timely decisions. The work to be presented details a system which incorporates various automated and intelligent processes and analysis tools to capture organize and analyze work process related data, to make the necessary decisions to meet KSC organizational goals. The advantages and disadvantages of design alternatives to the development of such a system will be discussed including technologies, which would need to bedesigned, prototyped and evaluated.
Williams, Kent E.↗
Development and Preliminary Results of CTAS on Airline Operational Control Center Operations
Continued growth and expansion of air traffic and increased air carrier economic pressures have mandated greater flexibility and collaboration in air traffic management. The ability of airspace users to select their own routes, so called "free-flight", and to more actively manage their fleet operations for maximum economic advantage are receiving great attention. A first step toward greater airspace user and service provider collaboration is information sharing. In this work, arrival scheduling and airspace management data generated by the NASA/FAA Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS) and used by the FAA service provider is shared with an airline with extensive operations within the CTAS operational domain. The design and development of a specialized airline CTAS "repeater" system is described, as well as some preliminary results of the impact and benefits of this information on the air carrier's operations. FAA controller per aircraft scheduling information, such as that provided by CTAS, has never before been shared in real-time with an airline. Expected airline benefits include improved fleet planning and arrival gate management, more informed "hold-go" decisions, and avoidance of costly aircraft diversions to alternate airports when faced with uncertain airborne arrival delays.
Zelenka, Richard↗