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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20

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NASA NTRS1973

Temperature control system with a pulse width modulated bridge

A temperature control system, which includes a modified wheatstone bridge with a resistive-capacitive (RC) circuit in one leg of the bridge, is disclosed. The RC circuit includes a resistor which provides an effective resistance as a function of its absolute resistance and the on-time to off-time ratio of pulses supplied to a switch connected across it. A sawtooth voltage is produced across the RC circuit. The voltage is compared with the voltage across a temperature sensor with heat being applied during each pulse period portion when the sawtooth voltage exceeds the voltage across the temperature sensor.

Heyser, R. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Rocket borne instrument to measure electric fields inside electrified clouds

An apparatus for measuring the electric field in the atmosphere which includes a pair of sensors carried on a rocket for sensing the voltages in the atmosphere being measured is described. One of the sensors is an elongated probe with a fine point which causes a corona current to be produced as it passes through the electric field. An electric circuit is coupled between the probe and the other sensor and includes a high ohm resistor which linearizes the relationship between the corona current and the electric field being measured. A relaxation oscillator and transmitter are provided for generating and transmitting an electric signal having a frequency corresponding to the magnitude of the electric field.

Ruhnke, L. H.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Power supply for carbon dioxide lasers

An improved ac power supply for a CO2 laser which eliminates the need for ballast resistors to excite a stable discharge is disclosed. The method involves the connection of an inductance in front of the rectifier. This procedure provides a nondissapative positive resistance effect for cancelling the negative differential resistance exhibited by the tube at frequencies below 2 KHz. Such an inductance setup also increases the efficiency of the system.

Schiffner, G.↗

NASA NTRS1972

ASDTIC duty-cycle control for power converters.

The application of analog signal to discrete interval converter (ASDTIC), a hybrid micromodule, two-loop control subsystem, to a switching, stepdown dc-to-dc converter is described. The power circuitry, interface and ASDTIC subsystems used in this switching regulator were developed to exhibit the improved regulation, transient performance, regulator stability, and freedom from the effects of variations in parts characteristics due to environmental changes and aging. The circuitry and performance characteristics of a +10-V dc switching converter as well as that of the ASDTIC micromodule are described. Realization of the ASDTIC hybrid micromodule has been accomplished with hermetically sealed, beam-lead, bonded/deposited nichrome thin film resistors, discrete capacitors, and integrated circuits on dilithic, glazed alumina substrates, using 22 feed through terminals in an integrated package.

Lalli, V. R.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Low-sensitivity, frequency-selective amplifier circuits for hybrid and bipolar fabrication.

A network is described which is suitable for realizing a low-sensitivity high-Q second-order frequency-selective amplifier for high-frequency operation. Circuits are obtained from this network which are well suited for realizing monolithic integrated circuits and which do not require any process steps more critical than those used for conventional monolithic operational and video amplifiers. A single chip version using compatible thin-film techniques for the frequency determination elements is then feasible. Center frequency and bandwidth can be set independently by trimming two resistors. The frequency selective circuits have a low sensitivity to the process variables, and the sensitivity of the center frequency and bandwidth to changes in temperature is very low.

Pi, C.↗

NASA NTRS1972

A linear voltage-tunable distributed null device.

A linear voltage-tunable null device was predicted, fabricated, and tested. This filter is conceptually a distributed parameter RC representation of the channel of a MOSFET in a network configuration with a second MOSFET that is treated as a variable resistor. Classical transmission-line theory is used to predict a linear tuning curve with applied bias for the device. This concept was used to design a null device having a null that is linearly tunable in the range of 100 kHz. Such devices were fabricated and tested. Typical MOS processing steps were used and the resulting structures are compatible with the planar technology. The compatibility leads towards extension of this work to different frequency ranges for other specific applications.

Benz, H. F.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Experimental studies and applications of vanadium oxides.

The electrical and electrochemical properties of V-5 and V-7 vanadium oxides were investigated. The effects of pressure, temperature and moisture on the bulk resistivity of the oxides in powder, sintered, and crystalline form were determined, and the static and dynamic volt-ampere characteristics were obtained. Sintered samples tested showed better electrical stability than the compressed powder samples. Two types of commercially available vanadium pentoxide were heat-treated to obtain various crystalline oxide forms which were mounted on alumina substrates and terminated by thick-film conductors for making electrical connections. Indications are that these materials could have applications as sensors, critical-temperature resistors, high-speed switches, and temperature-compensation elements in hybrid microelectronic circuits.

Williams, L., Jr.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Reliability data for electronic and electromechanical components: A report

Ten classes of parts covered in report: capacitors, crystals, diodes, fuses, inductors, microcircuits, relays, fixed resistors, transformers, and transistors. Each class is contained in separate section and includes discussion of inherent failure modes, screening rationale, general screening requirements, derating criteria, and stress-analysis data.

Scott, W. R.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Data storage, image tube type

Method and apparatus for the storage of digital or analog electrical signals are provided by a memory storage system employing a conventional vidicon tube. At the beginning of an operating cycle, the vidicon is conditioned to accept electrical data input by exposing its photosensitive target to a short, high intensity light flash. A first electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface then sets up a charge pattern on the photosensitive target. A second electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface by an unmodulated electron beam then develops an output signal across an output resistor by using capacitive currents. The conditioning and scanning steps are operated repetitively at high speed using conventional television camera scan, sync, and power supply circuitry to provide a low cost data storage system.

Lipoma, P. C.↗

NASA NTRS1973

French wind generator systems

The experimental design of a wind driven generator with a rated power of 800 kilovolt amperes and capable of being connected to the main electrical network is reported. The rotor is a three bladed propeller; each blade is twisted but the fixed pitch is adjustable. The asynchronous 800-kilovolt ampere generator is driven by the propeller through a gearbox. A dissipating resistor regulates the machine under no-load conditions. The first propeller on the machine lasted 18 months; replacement of the rigid propeller with a flexible structure resulted in breakdown due to flutter effects.

Noel, J. M.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Conductive elastomeric extensometer

An extensometer was used for measuring surface area changes of the human body caused by expansion and contraction of the body. A relatively thin and wide strain responsive conductive elastomeric band was adapted for application to a part of the body, such as around a limb or the trunk of the body. The elastomeric band is incorporated as a resistor in a balanced bridge circuit. Expansion or contraction of the portion of the body on which the elastomeric band is applied causes a change in the resistance of the band and a resultant imbalance of the bridge circuit. The output of the amplifier in volts is suitable for proving the desired reading through a recorder, oscilloscope or voltmeter.

Gause, R. L.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Design, development, and fabrication of a electronic analog microminiaturized electronic analog signal to discrete time interval converter

The microminiaturization of an electronic analog signal to discrete time interval converter is presented. Discrete components and integrated circuits comprising the converter were assembled on a thin-film ceramic substrate containing nichrome resistors with gold interconnections. The finished assembly is enclosed in a flat package measuring 3.30 by 4.57 centimeters. The module can be used whenever conversion of analog to digital signals is required, in particular for the purpose of regulation by means of pulse modulation. In conjunction with a precision voltage reference, the module was applied to control the duty cycle of a switching regulator within a temperature range of -55 C to +125 C, and an input voltage range of 10V to 35V. The output-voltage variation was less than + or - 300 parts per million, i.e., less than + or - 3mV for a 10V output.

Schoenfeld, A. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Absolute pressure transducers for space shuttle and orbiter propulsion and control systems

A preliminary design was completed, reviewing of such subjects as: the trade studies for media isolation and one sensor vs. two sensors for two bridges; compensation resistors; unit design; hydrogen embrittlement; sealing techniques and test station design. A design substantiation phase was finished, consisting of testing of a prototype unit and fabrication technique studies. A cryogenic test station was implemented and prototype sensor cells were fabricated, sensors assembled, and cryogenic tests performed.

Bolta, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Analysis and modeling of a family of two-transistor parallel inverters

A family of five static dc-to-square-wave inverters, each employing a square-loop magnetic core in conjunction with two switching transistors, is analyzed using piecewise-linear models for the nonlinear characteristics of the transistors, diodes, and saturable-core devices. Four of the inverters are analyzed in detail for the first time. These analyses show that, by proper choice of a frame of reference, each of the five quite differently appearing inverter circuits can be described by a common equivalent circuit. This equivalent circuit consists of a five-segment nonlinear resistor, a nonlinear saturable reactor, and a linear capacitor. Thus, by proper interpretation and identification of the parameters in the different circuits, the results of a detailed solution for one of the inverter circuits provide similar information and insight into the local and global behavior of each inverter in the family.

Lee, F. C. Y.↗

NASA NTRS1974

A varistor technique to reduce the hazards of electrostatics to electroexplosive devices

Inherent to the design and construction of electroexplosive devices is a vulnerability to inadvertent initiation from electrostatic discharges. The small spacing (approx. 1 mm) between the bridgewire circuits and the body and between bridgewire circuits afford easy breakdown paths for electrostatic voltages. In some cases where metallic component pyrotechnic materials are loaded onto the bridgewire circuits the susceptability to inadvertant initiation is increased. An approach to solving this problem is reported based on the application of a new varistor (nonlinear resistor) material. Certain formulations of metal oxides normally have electrically nonconductive characteristics. However, at selective potentials they become conductive. By proper design and incorporation into electroexplosive devices a variety of breakdown potentials can be achieved. The breakdown potential of the varistor element can be adjusted to meet the requirements of the particular electroexplosive device. The varistor element can also be incorporated in an area isolated from the explosive or pyrotechnic material. Adaptation of this technique to a specific electroexplosive device and the resulting test data are presented.

Menichelli, V. J.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Development for application of parylene coatings

A practical method of applying a parylene (paraxylene) coating to hybrid microcircuit devices was developed for the prevention of circuit malfunctions existing prior to package sealing or formed upon exposure to the service environment. It was found that paralene and an associated primer (if used) had generally little or no adverse effect on the active and passive elements of typical hybrid microcircuits. Exceptions were related to high frequency circuitry, low resistivity thick film resistors, and highly sensitive PIN diodes. Advantages of the use of the coating included increased dielectric strength and increased interconnection bond strength. Coating service life in nitrogen or nitrogen with low levels of oxygen as a contaminant is shown to be in excess of 1000 hours at 150 C and can be projected to be in excess of 5000 hours at 125 C.

Oberin, F. W.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Ganged series potentiometer mixer networks

A ganged potentiometer with the interesting property of a constant 10k ohm or greater series impedance for all rotations of the shaft was rediscovered. The device provided a versatile passive mixer circuit when used with most signal sources and can be used as a variable series input summing resistor in operational amplifier networks. The potentiometer gave simple solutions to missing problems with a single control knob.

Burhans, R. W.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Peak holding circuit for extremely narrow pulses

An improved pulse stretching circuit comprising: a high speed wide-band amplifier connected in a fast charge integrator configuration; a holding circuit including a capacitor connected in parallel with a discharging network which employs a resistor and an FET; and an output buffer amplifier. Input pulses of very short duration are applied to the integrator charging the capacitor to a value proportional to the input pulse amplitude. After a predetermined period of time, conventional circuitry generates a dump pulse which is applied to the gate of the FET making a low resistance path to ground which discharges the capacitor. When the dump pulse terminates, the circuit is ready to accept another pulse to be stretched. The very short input pulses are thus stretched in width so that they may be analyzed by conventional pulse height analyzers.

Oneill, R. W.↗