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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Application of a quasi-3D inviscid flow and boundary layer analysis to the hub-shroud contouring of a radial turbine

Application of a quasi-3D approach to the aerodynamic analysis of several radial turbine configurations is described. The objective was to improve the rotor aerodynamic characteristics by hub-shroud contouring. The approach relies on available 2D inviscid methods coupled with boundary layer analysis to calculate profile, mixing, and endwall losses. Windage, tip clearance, incidence, and secondary flow losses are estimated from correlations. To eliminate separation along the hub and blade suction surfaces of a baseline rotor, the analysis was also applied to three alternate hub-shroud geometries. Emphasis was on elimination an inducer velocity overshoot as well as increasing hub velocities. While separation was never eliminated, the extent of the separated area was progressively reduced. Results are presented in terms of mid-channel and blade surface velocities; kinetic energy loss coefficients; and efficiency. The calculation demonstrates a first step for a systematic approach to radial turbine design that can be used to identify and control aerodynamic characteristics that ultimately determine heat transfer and component life. Experimentation will be required to assess the extent to which flow and boundary layer behavior were predicted correctly.

Civinskas, K. C.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Radial segregation induced by natural convection and melt/solid interface shape in vertical Bridgman growth

The roles of natural convection in the melt and the shape of the melt/solid interface on radial dopant segregation are analyzed for a prototype of vertical Bridgman crystal growth system by finite element methods that solve simultaneously for the velocity field in the melt, the shape of the solidification isotherm, and the temperature distribution in both phases. Results are presented for crystal and melt with thermophysical properties similar to those of gallium-doped germanium in Bridgman configurations with melt below (thermally destabilizing) and above (stabilizing) the crystal. Steady axisymmetric flow are classified according to Rayleigh number as either being nearly the growth velocity, having a weak cellular structure or having large amplitude cellular convention. The flows in the two Bridgman configurations are driven by different temperature gradients and are in opposite directions. Finite element calculations for the transport of a dilute dopant by these flow fields reveal radial segregation levels as large as sixty percent of the mean concentration. Segregation is found most severe at an intermediate value of Rayleigh number above which the dopant distribution along the interface levels as the intensity of the flow increases.

Chang, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Ultraviolet and optical studies of binaries with luminous cool primaries and hot companions. III - Reticon radial velocities

Radial velocities for 72 stars, most of them known or suspected binaries with F - K giant-supergiant primaries, are derived from Reticon spectra in the region 6005-6235 A at a scale of 7 km/s per diode. Cross-correlation of the spectra normally produces results accurate to better than 1.0 km/s. Eight new radial velocity variables are found (HR 2786, R Pup, HR 3291, HR 4451, HD 114520, HR 5667, HR 7014, and Nu1 Sgr). Improved orbits are determined for 15 known spectroscopic binaries, and provisional orbits are obtained for seven new spectroscopic binaries.

Parsons, S. B.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Application of a quasi-3D inviscid flow and boundary layer analysis to the hub-shroud contouring of a radial turbine

Application of a quasi-3D approach to the aerodynamic analysis of several radial turbine configurations is described. The objective was to improve the rotor aerodynamic characteristics by hub-shroud contouring. The approach relies on available 2D inviscid methods coupled with boundary layer analysis to calculate profile, mixing, and endwall losses. Windage, tip clearance, incidence, and secondary flow losses are estimated from correlations. To eliminate separation along the hub and blade suction surfaces of a baseline rotor, the analysis was also applied to three alternate hub-shroud geometries. Emphasis was on elimination of an inducer velocity overshoot as well as increasing hub velocities. While separation was never eliminated, the extent of the separated area was progressively reduced. Results are presented in terms of mid-channel and blade surface velocities; kinetic energy loss coefficients; and efficiency. The calculation demonstrates a first step for a systematic approach to radial turbine design that can be used to identify and control aerodynamic characteristics that ultimately determine heat transfer and component life. Experimentation will be required to assess the extent to which flow and boundary layer behavior were predicted correctly.

Civinskas, K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Production of plasma with variable, radial electric fields

A device is described suitable for plasma wave experiments requiring relatively large, variable, radial electric fields perpendicular to a static magnetic field. By separately adjusting the potentials of two independent, coaxial discharge plasmas, the authors produced plasmas with a radial electric field E sub r less than approximately 5 V/cm.

Kustom, B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Off-Design Performance of Radial-Inflow Turbines

Computer code determines rotor exit flow from hub to tip. RTOD (Radial Turbine Off-Design), computes off-design performance of radial turbine by modeling flow with stator viscous and trailing-edge losses, and with vaneless space loss between stator and rotor, and with rotor incidence, viscous, clearance, trailing-edge, and disk friction losses.

Meitner, P. L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Radial transport of approximately 1 MeV/nucleon ions during the 22 November 1977 solar particle event

Time intensity profiles of solar flare energetic particle events carry information on the particle injection processes at the Sun, as well as the transport of particles in interplanetary space. However, in order to help identify the individual processes of injection versus transport it is necessary to use observations taken at more than one radial location. Results of such a study concerning the 22 November 1977 solar particle event, observed with instruments at 1.0 and 1.55 AU are presented. The observations are for particles of energies near 1 MeV/nucleon, considerably less than the approx. 10 to 20 MeV/nucleon energies typical of previous radial transport studies. Thus, in the present work it is possible to examine the validity of transport models to considerably lower energies than in previous work.

Mason, G. M.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Difference equation technique for determining the evolution of radially symmetric ultrasonic fields

A simplified difference equation technique has been developed to calculate the three-dimensional evolution of radially symmetric, complex ultrasonic fields. The parabolic approximation to the Helmholtz equation is obtained by assuming that localized changes in the magnitude of the field with respect to distance along the axis of propagation are small compared to those with respect to radial displacement. The Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates may then be approximated, after separating variables, using truncated series expansions. The resulting difference equation determines complex field values at discrete locations in a plane using corresponding adjacent locations in the preceding plane. Stability criteria which determine acceptable values for various parameters are discussed. The technique has been applied to the propagation of ultrasonic fields generated by two-dimensional focusing and non-focusing, uniform and Gaussian profile, piezoelectric transducers in both profiled and non-profiled media.

Dockery, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Electrodynamic interaction of Ganymede with the Jovian magnetosphere and the radial spread of wake-associated disturbances

An investigation is conducted of the electrostatics of the interaction of Jupiter's satellite Ganymede with the Jovian plasma and the MHD stability of the resulting downstream cavity, taking into account an evaluation of the effect of distorted magnetic field models on the radial extent of the disturbances. The objective of the investigation is an understanding of the data which have been provided by Voyager 2 during its approach to Jupiter, giving attention to the Voyager 2 magnetometer experiment. It is concluded that the magnetic field distortion by itself is insufficient to explain the large radial extent of the observed wake encounters. Linear treatment of MHD equations showed that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is initiated at the plasma-cavity interface.

Tariq, G. F.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Radial growth of an extended spoke in Saturn's B ring

An analysis is reported of the pattern of radial growth of an extended spoke observed in the Voyager 2 low-resolution Saturn ring 'movie'. The feature is atypical in that it orbits Saturn at the corotational rate for 1-1/2 hours after the onset of its formation and then undergoes a 40-min acceleration to sustained Keplerian velocities. A correlation between the dynamical phases and the radial growth modes of the spoke is observed, one that seems consistent with the plasma cloud model of spoke formation and evolution proposed by Goertz and Morfill (1983), taken in the limit of high charge density.

Eplee, R. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Radial variation of interplanetary Alfvenic fluctuations Pioneer 10 and 11 observations between 1 and 5 AU

The radial evolution of the power spectra of Alfvenic fluctuations observed within the trailing edge of high speed streams in the solar wind has been investigated using magnetic field measurements by Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 at heliocentric distances between 1 and 5 AU. In the analyzed frequency range (0.00028 - 0.0083 Hz) the spectral index of the computed spectra does not depend on frequency and is close to the value predicted for hydrodynamic turbulence. The radial gradient of the power density is independent of frequency and only slightly steeper than that expected for undamped propagation of Alfvenic fluctuations in a rarefaction region. The relation between the present results and those previously obtained by Helios 1 and 2 inside 1 AU is discussed.

Bavassano, B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Characteristics of large Forbush-type decreases in the cosmic radiation. II - Observations at different heliocentric radial distances

Cosmic ray data from IMP 8, Voyager 1 and 2, Pioneer 10 are used to investigate the heliocentric radial dependence of the characteristics of about 20 Forbush-type transient decreases which occurred from 1978 to 1984. These characteristics include the recovery time, the amplitude, and the time to decrease to minimum. It is found that the average recovery time is about 5 times longer at R = 30 AU than at 1 AU. The magnitudes of the transient decreases are observed to decrease about 1.5 percent/AU on average so that the magnitude of the decrease is half as great at R about 30 AU as at 1 AU. The time for the cosmic ray intensity to decrease to the minimum in the transient decrease is found to be greater at larger distances and is about 5 times longer at R = 30 AU than at 1 AU. The behavior of these effects as a function of radius is obviously related to the evolution of the disturbances causing the transient decreases as they propagate outward. A model of the Forbush-type decrease is proposed to explain the observed radial dependence of the recovery time and time to minimum of the decrease. The implications of these results for understanding the relationship between Forbush-type decreases and the 11-year variation are discussed.

Webber, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Radial and latitudinal gradients in the interplanetary magnetic field - Evidence for meridional flux transport

Magnetic field data obtained by the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft in the heliosphere from 1972-1982 and earth orbiting satellite data are examined in terms of radial and latitudinal gradients in the field components and magnitude. The data reveal that higher than expected gradients are observed in the magnetic field and time variations affect the field throughout the low-latitude heliosphere. It is determined that the high radial gradient is caused by meridional flux transport with low-latitude field lines moving to higher heliographic latitudes. High pressure near the solar equator and pressure due to heating in compressive solar wind interaction regions and the large field magnitudes that occur in these regions are investigated as mechanisms that produce the meridional flux. A solar cycle variation in the level of flux transport is analyzed.

Thomas, B. T.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Laser velocimeter measurements in shrouded and unshrouded radial flow pump impellers

Shrouded and unshrouded versions of a four-vaned radial flow impeller with a design flow coefficient of 0.063 were tested in a volute pump using a two-component frequency-shifted laser velocimeter. Velocity profiles were measured at six flow rates and at four radial and six circumferential positions in the volute. The variations of the velocity from blade to blade and in the axial direction were measured and are presented. A passage vortex caused by tip leakage and relative casing wall velocity was found in the unshrouded impeller. The tip leakage did not accumulate in the suction wake region; the suction wake region was only 30 to 50 percent as large in the unshrouded impeller as compared to the shrouded impeller. The slip was 30 percent higher in the unshrouded impeller and the variation of slip with flow rate is presented. At no measured position in the impellers did the slip factor reach unity; the closest approach was 0.90. Reverse loadings of the vanes at outer radii were found for flow rates below the impeller/volute matching point for both impellers.

Hamkins, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Magnetic Bearing With Radial and Angular Control

Active magnetic bearing stably levitates rotor against radial (lateral) and axial motion and points rotor axis in controllable direction, yet allows rotor to turn freely about own axis. Rotor only moving part, and absence of mechanical contact between rotor and stator assures long life. Active magnetic bearing includes electromagnet coils tilting rotor clockwise or counterclockwise, or move it right or left. Feedback control system maintains rotor at equilibrium radial and angular positions in response to signals from position sensors. No active control needed to maintain equilibrium axial position. Adjustable magnetic bearing useful in high-speed rotating devices, robotic joints, and supports for optical elements.

Studer, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Determination of stellar radial velocity precision attainable with a coude spectrograph

An instrument to measure highly accurate radial velocities of stars, in order to detect low-mass stellar and planetary companions was proposed. The University of Hawaii's Institute for Astronomy has assembled nearly all the resources needed to realize the highest radial velocity precision attainable with conventional coude spectrographs.

Heacox, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1986

ICE Second Halley radial: TDA mission support and DSN operations

The article documents the operations encompassing the International Cometary Explorer (ICE) second Halley radial experiment centered around March 28, 1986. The support was provided by the Deep Space Network (DSN) 64-meter subnetwork. Near continuous support was provided the last two weeks of March and the first two weeks of April to insure the collection of adequate background data for the Halley radial experiment. During the last week of March, plasma wave measurements indicate that ICE was within the Halley heavy ion pick-up region.

Fanelli, N. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Property of radially quadratic reflector systems

This report shows that when considered in terms of optical geometry, radially parabolic and radially hyperbolic mirrors used as mirrors for Cassegrain and parabolic antennas possess values similar to common conical horn reflector antennas.

Mizusawa, M.↗