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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Latest Developments in PM Systems and Methods and their Application to WM Projects - 20364

How do you improve on an industry that is well established yet often misses the mark on key metrics demonstrating effective planning and execution of project scope, schedule and budget? With the increased complexity of DOE projects relative to either poorly kept records of what wastes are stored or the lack of specific knowledge relative to the waste concentrations/quantities, this is a question continually asked and investigated by many. In fact, in 2017, the GAO's report to Congress indicated that although the DOE has made some progress on its monitoring effectiveness and demonstrating progress criteria, these goals were not met and there needs to be more improvement and monitoring. This paper will offer some insights into the latest developments in project management methodologies and the possible application of these to waste management projects. Traditional data generated via a project schedule that utilizes critical path methodology (CPM) and additional earned value management (EVM) data needs to be accurate and enable the project manager to better understand the probability of project success. Although this data has readily been available on most large-scale projects, success as measured by various stakeholder groups including the client, project team, regulators, etc. is less than optimal. Therefore, an urgent need exists to explore how traditional project data (CPM and EVM) coupled with new methodologies allows for better planning and execution by the project team. Many new approaches/methodologies can even be used to predict the success of options prior to full implementation on the actual project. Three approaches/methodologies will be discussed: - Artificial Intelligence; - Change Management; - Blend of Traditional Management (Gantt chart) and Agile Methodologies. As market forces change, so will the direction of project management. The days of 'one size fits all' are no longer valid. A combination of predictive and adaptive approaches in the management of projects is essential to enable execution of project deliverables on time, under budget, and within the contractual scope. This paper is intended to provide the reader with insight to the close relationship of project management trends and business management trends, and to provoke critical thinking about what it means to align project management strategy with an environment of non-stop innovation. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1988

Developing integrated parametric planning models for budgeting and managing complex projects

The applicability of integrated parametric models for the budgeting and management of complex projects is investigated. Methods for building a very flexible, interactive prototype for a project planning system, and software resources available for this purpose, are discussed and evaluated. The prototype is required to be sensitive to changing objectives, changing target dates, changing costs relationships, and changing budget constraints. To achieve the integration of costs and project and task durations, parametric cost functions are defined by a process of trapezoidal segmentation, where the total cost for the project is the sum of the various project cost segments, and each project cost segment is the integral of a linearly segmented cost loading function over a specific interval. The cost can thus be expressed algebraically. The prototype was designed using Lotus-123 as the primary software tool. This prototype implements a methodology for interactive project scheduling that provides a model of a system that meets most of the goals for the first phase of the study and some of the goals for the second phase.

Etnyre, Vance A.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Simple Radiowave-Based Method For Measuring Peripheral Blood Flow Project

Project objective is to design small radio frequency based flow probes for the measurement of blood flow velocity in peripheral arteries such as the femoral artery and middle cerebral artery. The result will be the technological capability to measure peripheral blood flow rates and flow changes during various environmental stressors such as microgravity without contact to the individual being monitored. This technology may also lead to an easier method of detecting venous gas emboli during extravehicular activities.

Technology Portfolio System↗
NASA NTRS1996

The Mars surveyor operations project command generation process

The methods employed by the Mars surveyor operations project (MSOP) flight team to accelerate the command generation process are described. The approach adopted was to develop a ground system which could simultaneously support as many as three spacecraft in various phases of flight and two in development. The uplink element of the MSOP is discussed, including the control of the science instruments and the spacecraft bus using real-time commands as well as time-tagged stored sequences. The non-interactive payload command process, the express command process, the coordinated command process and the stored sequence process are described. The automation of these processes resulted in flight operations cost savings while maintaining a minimum of risk.

Brooks, Robert N., Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Macromolecular phasing using diffraction from multiple crystal forms

A phasing algorithm for macromolecular crystallography is proposed that utilizes diffraction data from multiple crystal forms – crystals of the same molecule with different unit-cell packings (different unit-cell parameters or space-group symmetries). The approach is based on the method of iterated projections, starting with no initial phase information. The practicality of the method is demonstrated by simulation using known structures that exist in multiple crystal forms, assuming some information on the molecular envelope and positional relationships between the molecules in the different unit cells. With incorporation of new or existing methods for determination of these parameters, the approach has potential as a method for ab initio phasing.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2007

Pharmacovigilance in Space: Stability Payload Compliance Procedures

Pharmacovigilance is the science of, and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of drug-related problems. Over the lase decade, pharmacovigilance activities have contributed to the development of numerous technological and conventional advances focused on medication safety and regulatory intervention. The topics discussed include: 1) Proactive Pharmacovigilance; 2) A New Frontier; 3) Research Activities; 4) Project Purpose; 5) Methods; 6) Flight Stability Kit Components; 7) Experimental Conditions; 8) Research Project Logistics; 9) Research Plan; 10) Pharmaceutical Stability Research Project Pharmacovigilance Aspects; 11) Security / Control; 12) Packaging/Containment Actions; 13) Shelf-Life Assessments; 14) Stability Assessment Parameters; 15) Chemical Content Analysis; 16) Preliminary Results; 17) Temperature/Humidity; 18) Changes in PHysical and Chemical Assessment Parameters; 19) Observations; and 20) Conclusions.

Daniels, Vernie R.↗
NASA NTRS2020

Riley County Water Resources Project Summary - Comparing Runoff Curve Calculation Methods to Inform Local Resiliency Initiatives in Riley County, Kansas

Riley County, Kansas, has observed increased levels of flooding, potentially due to changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and seasonal vegetation variation. This study contrasts two methods of generating runoff curve numbers (CN) from 2006-2020. (1) The traditional Soil Conservation Service CN calculation method uses a look-up table and tracked LULC to determine runoff changes. These tables allow for land cover-specific CN and account for various farming techniques but lack flexibility in calculations for various seasons or plant health. (2) A dynamic method employs normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) compiled over the rainy season each year to calculate CN using seasonal vegetation. This method allows for a more precise analysis of runoff variability within and between rainy seasons because it can be updated with greater temporal detail and captures higher spatial resolutions by using NDVI as a proxy for LULC. This study further uses inputs from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cropland Data Layer, and Landsat imagery to create more precise LULC raster datasets including both urban cover and crop-specific land use and curve number maps of the area. Results can guide decision makers in the City of Manhattan, Riley County Department of Planning and Development, Riley County Conservation District, the Kansas Forest Service, and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment toward informed decisions on resiliency strategies to address future flooding.

DEVELOP Project Summary↗
NASA NTRS2019

Space Research Project Management Can Benefit from Engineering Technology Selection Methods

Many engineering methods have been developed to help management select technology for a system design or further research. The simplest way to compare technologies is to use a checklist containing all the more or less important selection criteria, so that nothing is overlooked. The criteria usually include cost, safety, reliability and maintainability, and potential problems such as noise generation and microgravity sensitivity. The next step typically is to weight and score all the criteria. The process of weighting and scoring is helpful in bringing out different priorities and reaching a shared point of view. Group technology selection methods are designed to highlight initial disagreements and produce a shared consensus. Often a frank discussion led by management rather than decision analysts can be more effective. The final selection depends on management and engineering judgment and may include programmatic and organizational factors that are beyond the engineering checklist. The objective of engineering technology selection methods is to provide engineering information to assist management in making sound decisions. Project management and technology selection are assumed to use rational engineering analytic methods, but they often do not. The reason is that human insight, intuition, and “gut feel,” rather than logic, more frequently determine our decisions. Project selection and management are strongly influenced by nonrational psychological influences, which can produce unjustified confidence and determination. Nevertheless, there is a strong need for space projects to do rational project analysis and selection. Demonstrating a rational spirit is necessary for a scientific and technical organization. Professional ethics at its best requires an open, honest, and fair process, without damaging politics. Rational analysis can help improve good projects and avoid selecting bad ones. A sanity check using rational analysis guided by a checklist can help avoid egregious and damaging errors.

Jones, Harry W.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Second-order spectral line shift comparisons

The second-order spectral line width formulae from the projection operator and kinetic theory methods were recently compared. It was shown that a systematic expansion of the projection operator width expression including initial correlations formally agrees with the second-order kinetic theory result. It is now shown that the second-order dynamic shifts are also formally the same. The static shifts, however, differ due to an ad hoc treatment of electron-electron correlations in the projection operator method. The approximation is necessary in order to screen the radiator-electron interactions. The differences, however, are expected to be small. Finally, the results suggest using the rigorous and more compact second-order width and shift expressions from the kinetic theory method as the starting point for spectral line shape calculations. At line center, however, the projection operator second-order expression for the width and shift simplifies and reduces to the kinetic theory result.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1978

Projected role of advanced computational aerodynamic methods at the Lockheed-Georgia company

Experience with advanced computational methods being used at the Lockheed-Georgia Company to aid in the evaluation and design of new and modified aircraft indicates that large and specialized computers will be needed to make advanced three-dimensional viscous aerodynamic computations practical. The Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Facility should be used to provide a tool for designing better aerospace vehicles while at the same time reducing development costs by performing computations using Navier-Stokes equations solution algorithms and permitting less sophisticated but nevertheless complex calculations to be made efficiently. Configuration definition procedures and data output formats can probably best be defined in cooperation with industry, therefore, the computer should handle many remote terminals efficiently. The capability of transferring data to and from other computers needs to be provided. Because of the significant amount of input and output associated with 3-D viscous flow calculations and because of the exceedingly fast computation speed envisioned for the computer, special attention should be paid to providing rapid, diversified, and efficient input and output.

Lores, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Proceedings of the First NASA Formal Methods Symposium

Topics covered include: Model Checking - My 27-Year Quest to Overcome the State Explosion Problem; Applying Formal Methods to NASA Projects: Transition from Research to Practice; TLA+: Whence, Wherefore, and Whither; Formal Methods Applications in Air Transportation; Theorem Proving in Intel Hardware Design; Building a Formal Model of a Human-Interactive System: Insights into the Integration of Formal Methods and Human Factors Engineering; Model Checking for Autonomic Systems Specified with ASSL; A Game-Theoretic Approach to Branching Time Abstract-Check-Refine Process; Software Model Checking Without Source Code; Generalized Abstract Symbolic Summaries; A Comparative Study of Randomized Constraint Solvers for Random-Symbolic Testing; Component-Oriented Behavior Extraction for Autonomic System Design; Automated Verification of Design Patterns with LePUS3; A Module Language for Typing by Contracts; From Goal-Oriented Requirements to Event-B Specifications; Introduction of Virtualization Technology to Multi-Process Model Checking; Comparing Techniques for Certified Static Analysis; Towards a Framework for Generating Tests to Satisfy Complex Code Coverage in Java Pathfinder; jFuzz: A Concolic Whitebox Fuzzer for Java; Machine-Checkable Timed CSP; Stochastic Formal Correctness of Numerical Algorithms; Deductive Verification of Cryptographic Software; Coloured Petri Net Refinement Specification and Correctness Proof with Coq; Modeling Guidelines for Code Generation in the Railway Signaling Context; Tactical Synthesis Of Efficient Global Search Algorithms; Towards Co-Engineering Communicating Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems; and Formal Methods for Automated Diagnosis of Autosub 6000.

Denney, Ewen↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Processes and Methods used for NASA Communications Services Project Conceptualization and Formulation

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is partnering with the commercial SATCOM industry to demonstrate the industry’s capabilities to provide services to NASA’s near-Earth missions. Leveraging commercial capabilities will become increasingly necessary for NASA, as its incumbent Government-owned-and-operated near-Earth satellite network, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), will approach retirement towards the end of the current decade. NASA is actively taking the first steps to making the vision of using commercial SATCOM a reality. For more than two years, NASA’s Communication Services Project (CSP) has been evaluating the feasibility of employing commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) networks for near-Earth operations. This past April, CSP awarded US$278.5 million in Funded Space Act Agreements to select commercial SATCOM providers, so they may begin developing and demonstrating their specific near-Earth space communication services that may support future agency missions. Each company will match or exceed agency contributions during the five-year development and demonstration period, totaling more than $1.5 billion of cost-share investment. The companies will complete technology development and in-space demonstrations by 2025, after which NASA intends to seek multiple long-term contracts to acquire these kinds of services. The six companies (Inmarsat Government Inc., Kuiper Government Solutions (KGS), SES Government Solutions, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), Telesat U.S. Services and Viasat Inc.) will shortly begin developing and demonstrating their capabilities to provide services, ranging from launch to standard on-orbit operations. The demonstrations will be across multiple spectrum regimes from L-Band to optical, and will utilize Geostationary Orbit (GEO), Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) and Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations. This paper discusses methodologies and processes used over the past two years to reach the point of entering into these partnerships. It also includes CSP’s goals and objectives going forward, following the award of six Funded Space Act Agreements to commercial SATCOM providers to develop and demonstrate these capabilities.

Communications Services Project↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Processes and Methods used for Nasa Communications Services Project Conceptualization and Formulation

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is partnering with the commercial SATCOM industry to demonstrate the industry’s capabilities to provide services to NASA’s near-Earth missions. Leveraging commercial capabilities will become increasingly necessary for NASA, as its incumbent Government-owned-and-operated near-Earth satellite network, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), will approach retirement towards the end of the current decade. NASA is actively taking the first steps to making the vision of using commercial SATCOM a reality. For more than two years, NASA’s Communication Services Project (CSP) has been evaluating the feasibility of employing commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) networks for near-Earth operations. This past April, CSP awarded US$278.5 million in Funded Space Act Agreements to select commercial SATCOM providers, so they may begin developing and demonstrating their specific near-Earth space communication services that may support future agency missions. Each company will match or exceed agency contributions during the five-year development and demonstration period, totaling more than $1.5 billion of cost-share investment. The companies will complete technology development and in-space demonstrations by 2025, after which NASA intends to seek multiple long-term contracts to acquire these kinds of services. The six companies (Inmarsat Government Inc., Kuiper Government Solutions (KGS), SES Government Solutions, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), Telesat U.S. Services and Viasat Inc.) will shortly begin developing and demonstrating their capabilities to provide services, ranging from launch to standard on-orbit operations. The demonstrations will be across multiple spectrum regimes from L-Band to optical, and will utilize Geostationary Orbit (GEO), Medium-Earth Orbit (MEO) and Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations. This paper discusses methodologies and processes used over the past two years to reach the point of entering into these partnerships. It also includes CSP’s goals and objectives going forward, following the award of six Funded Space Act Agreements to commercial SATCOM providers to develop and demonstrate these capabilities.

Communications Services Project↗
DOE OSTI2022

Calibrating hypersonic turbulence flow models with the HIFiRE-1 experiment using data-driven machine-learned models.

In this paper we study the efficacy of combining machine-learning methods with projection-based model reduction techniques for creating data-driven surrogate models of computationally expensive, high-fidelity physics models. Such surrogate models are essential for many-query applications e.g., engineering design optimization and parameter estimation, where it is necessary to invoke the high-fidelity model sequentially, many times. Surrogate models are usually constructed for individual scalar quantities. However there are scenarios where a spatially varying field needs to be modeled as a function of the model’s input parameters. Here we develop a method to do so, using projections to represent spatial variability while a machine-learned model captures the dependence of the model’s response on the inputs. The method is demonstrated on modeling the heat flux and pressure on the surface of the HIFiRE-1 geometry in a Mach 7.16 turbulent flow. The surrogate model is then used to perform Bayesian estimation of freestream conditions and parameters of the SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model embedded in the high-fidelity (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes) flow simulator, using shock-tunnel data. The paper provides the first-ever Bayesian calibration of a turbulence model for complex hypersonic turbulent flows. We find that the primary issues in estimating the SST model parameters are the limited information content of the heat flux and pressure measurements and the large model-form error encountered in a certain part of the flow.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Summary of Technical Peer Review on the Risk Assessment Framework proposed in Report INL/RPT-22-68656 for Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems

This report summarizes the peer review activities initiated by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) during fiscal year (FY) 2023 for the evaluation and improvement of the methodology developed under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, Risk Informed Systems Analysis (RISA) Pathway, digital instrumentation and control (DI&C) risk assessment project. In FY 2019, the RISA Pathway initiated a project to develop a risk assessment strategy for delivering a technical basis to support effective and secure DI&C technologies for digital upgrades/designs. A framework was proposed for this strategy, which aims to (1) provide a best-estimate, risk-informed capability to quantitatively and accurately estimate the risk impact of plant modernization, considering the introduction of high safety-significant safety-related (HSSSR) DI&C systems, (2) support and supplement existing risk-informed DI&C design guides by providing quantitative risk information and evidence, (3) offer a capability of design architecture evaluation of various DI&C systems, (4) assure the long-term safety and reliability of HSSSR DI&C systems, and (5) reduce uncertainty in costs and support integration of DI&C systems in the plant. The R&D efforts of this project from FY 2019 through FY 2022 were focused on methodology improvement and demonstration of the proposed framework for the risk assessment and design optimization of safety-critical DI&C systems. Collaborations with the nuclear industry have been initiated to support the reliability and risk assessment of their DI&C systems by using the proposed framework. In FY 2023, the framework has reached to a point for a technical peer review and obtain stakeholder feedback. This peer review activity includes coordination of the reviews performed by a group of industry stakeholders, documentation of the peer review suggestions, providing resolutions and responses to the peer review comments. The objective of this technical peer review is to obtain representative feedback on the proposed framework to improve the technical qualities of its methodology and readiness for deployment to the industry. Feedback may identify potential areas for improvement and further development. The Subject Matter experts were invited to review the latest project report documenting the methodology developed in the project and provide evaluations of the technical qualities of the proposed framework and relevant methods. The reviewed project report is “An Integrated Framework for Risk Assessment of High Safety-significant Safety-related Digital Instrumentation and Control Systems in Nuclear Power Plants: Methodology and Demonstration” INL/RPT-22-68656 (short as “INL/RPT-22-68656” in this report). This peer review report documents the technical questions provided for technical peer review and introduces the technical peer reviewers from the stakeholders including nuclear utilities, regulators, and universities. Comments from technical peer reviewers and the resolutions and responses to these comments are outlined. Insights and lessons learned from the technical peer review are summarized in conclusions and future work. The primary audience of this report are DI&C designers, engineers, and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) practitioners. This includes stakeholders, such as the nuclear utilities and regulators who consider the deployment and upgrade of DI&C systems, DI&C software developers and reviewers, and cybersecurity specialists.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗