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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

A 128K-bit CCD buffer memory system

A prototype system was implemented to demonstrate that CCD's can be applied advantageously to the problem of low power digital storage and particularly to the problem of interfacing widely varying data rates. 8K-bit CCD shift register memories were used to construct a feasibility model 128K-bit buffer memory system. Peak power dissipation during a data transfer is less than 7 W., while idle power is approximately 5.4 W. The system features automatic data input synchronization with the recirculating CCD memory block start address. Descriptions are provided of both the buffer memory system and a custom tester that was used to exercise the memory. The testing procedures and testing results are discussed. Suggestions are provided for further development with regards to the utilization of advanced versions of CCD memory devices to both simplified and expanded memory system applications.

Siemens, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Radar investigation of asteroids

Efforts were focused on: (1) acquisition of radar data at Arecibo; (2) examination of raw data; (3) reduction of the unmodulated data to background-free, calibrated spectra; (4) integration and coherent analyses of the phase-coded data; and (5) calculation of Doppler shifts and preliminary values for echo limb-to-limb bandwidths, radar cross sections, and circular polarization ratios. Asteroids observed to data have radar properties distinct from those of the rocky terrestrial planets and those of the icy Galilean satellites.

Ostro, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Techniques for measurement of thoracoabdominal asynchrony

Respiratory motion measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography often deviates from the sinusoidal pattern assumed in the traditional Lissajous figure (loop) analysis used to determine thoraco-abdominal asynchrony, or phase angle phi. We investigated six different time-domain methods of measuring phi, using simulated data with sinusoidal and triangular waveforms, phase shifts of 0-135 degrees, and 10% noise. The techniques were then used on data from 11 lightly anesthetized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 7.6 +/- 0.8 kg; 5.7 +/- 0.5 years old), instrumented with a respiratory inductive plethysmograph, and subjected to increasing levels of inspiratory resistive loading ranging from 5-1,000 cmH(2)O. L(-1). sec(-1).The best results were obtained from cross-correlation and maximum linear correlation, with errors less than approximately 5 degrees from the actual phase angle in the simulated data. The worst performance was produced by the loop analysis, which in some cases was in error by more than 30 degrees. Compared to correlation, other analysis techniques performed at an intermediate level. Maximum linear correlation and cross-correlation produced similar results on the data collected from monkeys (SD of the difference, 4.1 degrees ) but all other techniques had a high SD of the difference compared to the correlation techniques.We conclude that phase angles are best measured using cross-correlation or maximum linear correlation, techniques that are independent of waveform shape, and robust in the presence of noise. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS1978

Shuttle Ku-band signal design study

Carrier synchronization and data demodulation of Unbalanced Quadriphase Shift Keyed (UQPSK) Shuttle communications' signals by optimum and suboptimum methods are discussed. The problem of analyzing carrier reconstruction techniques for unbalanced QPSK signal formats is addressed. An evaluation of the demodulation approach of the Ku-Band Shuttle return link for UQPSK when the I-Q channel power ratio is large is carried out. The effects that Shuttle rocket motor plumes have on the RF communications are determined also. The effect of data asymmetry on bit error probability is discussed.

Lindsey, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Comparison of in situ and airborne spectral measurements of the blue shift associated with forest decline

Visible IR Intelligent Spectrometer (VIRIS) reflectance data have been found to have similar features that are related to air-pollution-induced forest decline and visible damage in both the red spruce of Vermont and the Norway spruce of Baden-Wuerttemberg; the similarity suggests a common source of damage. Spectra of both species include a 5-nm blueshifting of the red-edge inflection point, while pigment data for both species indicate a loss of total chlorophylls. The blue shift of the chlorophyll absorption maximum, as well as the increased red radiance and decreased near-IR radiance of the damaged spruce, may be used to delineate and map damage areas.

Rock, B. N.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Earth Science Imagery Registration

The study of global environmental changes involves the comparison, fusion, and integration of multiple types of remotely-sensed data at various temporal, radiometric, and spatial resolutions. Results of this integration may be utilized for global change analysis, as well as for the validation of new instruments or for new data analysis. Furthermore, future multiple satellite missions will include many different sensors carried on separate platforms, and the amount of remote sensing data to be combined is increasing tremendously. For all of these applications, the first required step is fast and automatic image registration, and as this need for automating registration techniques is being recognized, it becomes necessary to survey all the registration methods which may be applicable to Earth and space science problems and to evaluate their performances on a large variety of existing remote sensing data as well as on simulated data of soon-to-be-flown instruments. In this paper we present one of the first steps toward such an exhaustive quantitative evaluation. First, the different components of image registration algorithms are reviewed, and different choices for each of these components are described. Then, the results of the evaluation of the corresponding algorithms combining these components are presented o n several datasets. The algorithms are based on gray levels or wavelet features and compute rigid transformations (including scale, rotation, and shifts). Test datasets include synthetic data as well as data acquired over several EOS Land Validation Core Sites with the IKONOS and the Landsat-7 sensors.

LeMoigne, Jacqueline↗
DOE OSTI2026

A roadmap toward scaling, reasoning and self-evolving foundation models for nuclear and particle physics

Foundation models have revolutionized artificial intelligence, with Large Language Models demonstrating unprecedented capabilities in multimodal understanding, reasoning and tool use. Nuclear and particle physics stands at a critical juncture where similar transformative potential awaits realization. The field generates exabytes of experimental data, exascale simulations, and decades of theoretical insights — yet these remain largely disconnected from modern Artifical Intelligence (AI) capabilities, with most physics AI applications confined to narrow, task-specific models that suffer from domain shifting when applied to real experimental data. We present a roadmap for FM4NPP (Foundation Model for Nuclear and Particle Physics), systematically scaling from current proof-of-concept models to trillion-parameter architectures capable of autonomous discovery. Our approach advances three critical frontiers: unified data infrastructure integrating detector data, scientific knowledge and computational tools across global facilities; multi-facility foundation models enabling cross-experiment knowledge transfer and accelerated discovery; and agentic AI capabilities for reasoning and autonomous tool use. The resulting self-evolving FM4NPP will transform physics research by converting time-intensive data analysis, theory derivation and computational bottlenecks into rapid AI–human collaborative discovery. This paradigm shift promises to fundamentally accelerate scientific progress in nuclear and particle physics, enabling researchers to focus on high-level insights while AI handles routine analysis and explores vast parameter spaces beyond human capacity.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1995

Noninvasive analysis of human neck muscle function

STUDY DESIGN. Muscle use evoked by exercise was determined by quantifying shifts in signal relaxation times of T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Images were collected at rest and after exercise at each of two intensities (moderate and intense) for each of four head movements: 1) extension, 2) flexion, 3) rotation, and 4) lateral flexion. OBJECTIVE. This study examined the intensity and pattern of neck muscle use evoked by various movements of the head. The results will help elucidate the pathophysiology, and thus methods for treating disorders of the cervical musculoskeletal system. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA. Exercise-induced contrast shifts in T2 has been shown to indicate muscle use during the activity. The noninvasive nature of magnetic resonance imaging appears to make it an ideal approach for studying the function of the complex neuromuscular system of the neck. METHODS. The extent of T2 increase was examined to gauge how intensely nine different neck muscles or muscle pairs were used in seven subjects. The absolute and relative cross-sectional area of muscle showing a shift in signal relaxation was assessed to infer the pattern of use among and within individual neck muscles or muscle pairs. RESULTS. Signal relaxation increased with exercise intensity for each head movement. The absolute and relative cross-sectional area of muscle showing a shift in signal relaxation also increased with exercise load. Neck muscles or muscle pairs extensively used to perform each head movement were: extension--semispinalis capitis and cervicis and splenius capitis; flexion--sternocleidomastoid and longus capitis and colli; rotation--splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus, semispinalis capitis ipsilateral to the rotation, and sternocleidomastoid contralateral; and lateral flexion--sternocleidomastoid CONCLUSION. The results of this study, in part, agree with the purported functions of neck muscles derived from anatomic location. This also was true for the few selected muscles that have been examined in human electromyographic studies. Neck muscle function and morphology can be studied at a detailed level using exercise-induced shifts in magnetic resonance images.

NASA Program Space Physiology and Countermeasures↗
NASA NTRS1998

Data Analysis of a Space Experiment: Common Software Tackles Uncommon Task

Presented here are the software adaptations developed by laboratory scientists to process the space experiment data products from three experiments on two International Microgravity Laboratory Missions (IML-1 and IML-2). The challenge was to accommodate interacting with many types of hardware and software developed by both European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA aerospace contractors, where data formats were neither commercial nor familiar to scientists. Some of the data had been corrupted by bit shifting of byte boundaries. Least-significant/most-significant byte swapping also occurred as might be expected for the various hardware platforms involved. The data consisted of 20 GBytes per experiment of both numerical and image data. A significant percentage of the bytes were consumed in NASA formatting with extra layers of packetizing structure. It was provided in various pieces to the scientists on magnetic tapes, Syquest cartridges, DAT tapes, CD-ROMS, analog video tapes, and by network FIP. In this paper I will provide some science background and present the software processing used to make the data useful in the months after the missions.

Wilkinson, R. Allen↗
NASA NTRS1983

Distributed multiport memory architecture

A multiport memory architecture is diclosed for each of a plurality of task centers connected to a command and data bus. Each task center, includes a memory and a plurality of devices which request direct memory access as needed. The memory includes an internal data bus and an internal address bus to which the devices are connected, and direct timing and control logic comprised of a 10-state ring counter for allocating memory devices by enabling AND gates connected to the request signal lines of the devices. The outputs of AND gates connected to the same device are combined by OR gates to form an acknowledgement signal that enables the devices to address the memory during the next clock period. The length of the ring counter may be effectively lengthened to any multiple of ten to allow for more direct memory access intervals in one repetitive sequence. One device is a network bus adapter which serially shifts onto the command and data bus, a data word (8 bits plus control and parity bits) during the next ten direct memory access intervals after it has been granted access. The NBA is therefore allocated only one access in every ten intervals, which is a predetermined interval for all centers. The ring counters of all centers are periodically synchronized by DMA SYNC signal to assure that all NBAs be able to function in synchronism for data transfer from one center to another.

Kohl, W. H.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Unpaired image translation to mitigate domain shift in liquid argon time projection chamber detector responses

Deep learning algorithms often are developed and trained on a training dataset and deployed on test datasets. Any systematic difference between the training and a test dataset may severely degrade the final algorithm performance on the test dataset—what is known as the domain shift problem . This issue is prevalent in many scientific domains where algorithms are trained on simulated data but applied to real-world datasets. Typically, the domain shift problem is solved through various domain adaptation (DA) methods. However, these methods are often tailored for a specific downstream task, such as classification or semantic segmentation, and may not easily generalize to different tasks. This work explores the feasibility of using an alternative way to solve the domain shift problem that is not specific to any downstream algorithm. The proposed approach relies on modern Unpaired Image-to-Image (UI2I) translation techniques, designed to find translations between different image domains in a fully unsupervised fashion. In this study, the approach is applied to a domain shift problem commonly encountered in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detector research when seeking a way to translate samples between two differently distributed LArTPC detector datasets deterministically. This translation allows for mapping real-world data into the simulated data domain where the downstream algorithms can be run with much less domain-shift-related performance degradation. Conversely, using the translation from the simulated data to a real-world domain can increase the realism of the simulated dataset and reduce the magnitude of any systematic uncertainties. To evaluate the quality of the translations, we use both pixel-wise metrics and a downstream task to measure the effectiveness of UI2I methods for mitigating the domain shift problem. We adapted several popular UI2I translation algorithms to work on scientific data and demonstrated the viability of these techniques for solving the domain shift problem with LArTPC detector data. To facilitate further development of DA techniques for scientific datasets, the ‘Simple Liquid-Argon Track Samples’ dataset used in this study is also published.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

eCounter: Inline Per-IP Network Monitoring at Millisecond Resolution via eBPF

Scientific data acquisition (SciDAQ) systems are shifting from archive-based workflows to streaming paradigms, where real-time, fine-grained network monitoring becomes essential. While P4-enabled devices offer per-packet in-band observability, they require specialized switches and routers. Host-side tools like Prometheus exporters lack sufficient temporal granularity. To bridge this gap, we present eCounter, a lightweight, hardware-agnostic, inline telemetry agent built on extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF). eCounter captures per-interface ingress and egress traffic, categorized by IP address and protocol, at millisecond to sub-millisecond resolution. In a 100 Gbps environment, it continuously exports up to 3,257 time-series bins per second with only 4% CPU utilization at a 35¿KiB/s data rate. We evaluate eCounter across diverse NIC MTU settings, hook types, CPU architectures and operating systems, and observed negligible impact on concurrent high-throughput streaming applications. Complexity analysis confirms that it can be readily scaled to distributed SciDAQ deployments.

Mei, Xinxin [Computational Sciences and Technology↗
NASA NTRS2004

Probing me Reverse Shock in an Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant

The aim of this project is to examine the O VI emission at three positions around the X- ray bright ring of the remnant in order to investigate the relation between the O VI emission, the X-ray O VII and O VIII emission, and the optical [OIII} emission, and how these vary around the rim of the remnant. All three pointings and the background pointing have now been observed; the archive notification for the most recent dataset was Oct 30, 2003. After reprocessing and screening, the net exposure time for the SE exposure is only 54 percent of the approved time (15 kilosec). for the SE exposure, the available statistics are not good enough for analysis. A request for reobservation to make up for the lost time in the SE pointing has been approved. Broad O VI 1032 and O VI 1038 emission is detected with velocity width of at least 800 km/s, and possibly exceeding 1000 km/s. The Flanagan et al. analysis of the Chandra grating data show bulk velocities in the X-ray gas of order +/- 1000 km/s. In the region of the FUSE E0lO2-SE pointing, the Chandra data indicate both blue-shifted and red-shifted emission. Analysis of the velocity structure of the O VI emission will provide additional constraints on the kinematics of the gas: is it emission from a tilted expanding barrel, or a more symmetric expansion? The O VI fluxes are also needed to assess whether the O VI is radiation from recombining O VII or instead fiom cooler gas ionizing toward O VII. The emission is faint, however, which complicates the analysis. Because the lines are so broad, absorption by intervening H2, CII, and foreground OVI must be considered. A number of stars in the SMC have been observed which provide information on foreground OVI absorption. The initial analyses have concentrated on the Li1F channel since the guidance is based on that channel. The Li2F channel is being examined exposure by exposure to see if any of the data can be used to improve the signal to noise in the Li1F data.

Gaetz, Terrance↗
NASA NTRS1986

Natural laminar flow flight experiments on a swept wing business jet-boundary layer stability analyses

The linear boundary layer stability analyses and their correlation with data of 18 cases from a natural laminar flow (NLF) flight test program using a Cessna Citation 3 business jet are described. The transition point varied from 5% to 35% chord for these conditions, and both upper and lower wing surfaces were included. Altitude varied from 10,000 to 43,000 ft and Mach number from 0.3 to 0.8. Four cases were at nonzero sideslip. Although there was much scatter in the results, the analyses of boundary layer stability at the 18 conditions led to the conclusion that crossflow instability was the primary cause of transition. However, the sideslip cases did show some interaction of crossflow and Tollmien-Schlichting disturbances. The lower surface showed much lower Tollmien-Schlichting amplification at transition than the upper surface, but similar crossflow amplifications. No relationship between Mach number and disturbance amplification at transition could be found. The quality of these results is open to question from questionable wing surface quality, inadequate density of transition sensors on the wing upper surface, and an unresolved pressure shift in the wing pressure data. The results of this study show the need for careful preparation for transition experiments. Preparation should include flow analyses of the test surface, boundary layer disturbance amplification analyses, and assurance of adequate surface quality in the test area. The placement of necessary instruments and usefulness of the resulting data could largely be determined during the pretest phase.

Rozendaal, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Frequency Shift During Mass Properties Testing Using Compound Pendulum Method

During mass properties testing on the X-48B Blended Wing Body aircraft (The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, large inertia measurement errors were observed in results from compound pendulum swings when compared to analytical models. By comparing periods of oscillations as measured from an average over the test period versus the period of each oscillation, it was noticed that the frequency of oscillation was shifting significantly throughout the test. This phenomenon was only noticed during compound pendulum swings, and not during bifilar pendulum swings. The frequency shift was only visible upon extensive data analysis of the frequency for each oscillation, and did not appear in averaged frequency data over the test period. Multiple test articles, test techniques, and hardware setups were used in attempts to eliminate or identify the cause of the frequency shift. Plotting the frequency of oscillation revealed a region of minimal shift that corresponded to a larger amplitude range. This region of minimal shift provided the most accurate results compared to a known test article; however, the amplitudes that produce accurate inertia measurements are amplitudes larger than those generally accepted in mass properties testing. This paper examines two case studies of the frequency shift, using mass properties testing performed on a dummy test article, and on the X-48B Blended Wing Body aircraft.

Wolfe, David↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) – Updates and Future Developments

As earth observing services and techniques have flourished, data and products have exponentially grown, like the proliferation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations capable of providing real-time data, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations shifting to kHz lasers, and Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)’s implementation of VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS) telescopes. The CDDIS is continually evolving to fulfill the new storage, quality check, and latency requirements that these changes bring, as well as meet new standards such as the shift toward FAIR and open science. These have shaped how the CDDIS develops new software and resources. Beginning next year, the CDDIS will begin to transition their data and products to the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud, beginning with DORIS data. This poster will highlight the CDDIS’s recently updated processing system, new data and products available, and future work.

Justine Woo↗
DOE OSTI2025

A comparative analysis of YOLOv8 and U-Net image segmentation approaches for transmission electron micrographs of polycrystalline thin films

Metallic thin films offer a platform to experimentally study the dynamics of microstructural evolution, but the required transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based imaging generates complex images that are challenging to segment and quantify. This work provides a comparative analysis of a new YOLOv8 model and an established U-Net model for bright-field TEM images of polycrystals, employing a framework leveraging physical observables to evaluate performance against two hand-traced benchmark datasets. This methodology obviates the comparison of large, diversely structured, and manually labeled datasets that are required to assess performance on a per-image/per-pixel basis. It is found that the YOLOv8 model, adapted for real-time instance segmentation, has up to 43× faster inferencing (NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090) compared to U-Net and reconstructs hand-traced grain size distributions (GSDs) with excellent fidelity, finding mean diameter within 3% for grains near an optimal magnification; for grains that deviate from the optimal pixel-diameter, the size of small- (large)-diameter grains is systematically over- (under)-estimated. This is partially mitigated by including scale-aware augmentations during training. Moreover, when the bias is corrected post-inference by a rigid shift in distribution, the YOLOv8 model reproduces ground truth GSDs with exceptional fidelity, with statistical tests indicating <5% probability that the distributions are distinct. Based on ground truth data, calibration curves pertaining to this shift can be constructed for a given model. This issue is not present in the U-Net model’s results, indicating that for quantitative measurements where the true size of objects is of interest, special procedures must be implemented for YOLO-based models.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Catalyzing deep decarbonization with federated battery diagnosis and prognosis for better data management in energy storage systems

Industrial data analytics methods play a central role in improving energy storage performance and efficiency, impacting the future of electrified transportation and renewable electricity generation. However, significant challenges hinder the large-scale deployment of batteries. Conventional methods rely on centralized collection and processing of fleet-level data, leading to database size issues and privacy concerns due to potential data breaches. To enable scalable deployment of battery management systems, this article proposes a federated battery diagnosis and prognosis model, which distributes the processing of battery standard current-voltage-time-usage data in a privacy-preserving manner. Instead of transferring the raw data, this approach communicates only the locally processed parameters, thus reducing communication load and preserving data confidentiality. The federated model offers a paradigm shift in battery health management through privacy-preserving distributed methods for battery data processing and lifetime prediction, ensuring the reliable and sustainable deployment of lithium-ion batteries in a rapidly evolving world.

asset health management↗