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SLIP (Surrogate Launching and Integration Platform) is a software ecosystem for downloading and running ML/AI benchmarks. SLIP automatically downloads and sets up the code and data running a benchmark. The large data sets and model code are cached locally with a specific ID within a designated cache directory.
This study investigates the influence of inclination angle (0° and 45°) on the interfacial bond-slip behavior of macro steel fibers (straight, hooked end-deformed and length-deformed) and length-deformed polypropylene fibers reinforced in fly-ash and metakaolin based alkali-activated composites (AACs) under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. AACs demonstrate superior peak bond strength and toughness compared to cement composites regardless of fiber type and loading rate. Results also show that straight steel fiber exhibits a complete pullout in AACs. The amount of deformation of the fibers (deformation ratio) determined the failure type at different inclination angle and loading rate, thus governing the peak load and energy absorption. Depending on the fiber orientation, premature fiber rupture or matrix cracking is observed under dynamic loading in AACs due to matrix brittleness. The fiber failure modes in dynamic pullout are no different from those observed in the quasi-static pullout in AACs.
Fatigue crack initiation at high temperatures occurs at microscopic fatigue shear bands that form near twin boundaries in polycrystalline nickel-base superalloys that contain minimal metallurgical defects. The associated dislocation sub-structure is complex and dependent on thermal and mechanical conditions. Here we show the formation of fine-scale carbide precipitates along these fatigue shear bands in a nickel-base superalloy during fatigue above 650 °C. The formation of carbide precipitates is studied using calculations of bulk and pipe diffusion. The contribution of pipe diffusion is observed to be critical in the formation of fine-scale carbides and occurs coincident with the delocalization of slip during fatigue.
An important task in energy and CO 2 storage (sequestration) in the subsurface is to verify that the surrounding fractures and faults are not activated, acting as leakage pathways. This is achievable through effective and efficient Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) plans. In this work, two surrogate models are trained to captures dilation (opening) and shear deformation of fractures, and the associated surface deformation. The trained surrogate model, based on conditional Generative-Adversarial Networks (cGAN) receives fracture apertures from dilational fractures together with fracture slips from shear fractures and predicts the combined surface deformation. An inversion algorithm based on Bayesian framework is proposed to identify the geometry of both types of fractures, as well as volume of dilational fractures and deformation moment induced by shear fractures, all from the measured surface deformation data. The inversion algorithm utilises the Differential Evolution (DE) optimisation technique that has the superior performance in finding the global minimum of cost function. The proposed surrogate-assisted inversion successfully inferred the unknown dip, dip direction and the volume of the dilational fractures as well as the induced deformation moment in shear fractures. The model was further tested for the inversion of a field hydraulic fracturing tilt dataset applying different scenarios with varying unknowns to show the model's performance, as well as incorporating shear deformation for better match with the observed data.
Here, this work presents processing silicon carbide (SiC) with the laser-induced slip casting (LIS) additive manufacturing (AM). SiC was stabilized in water with polyethyleneimine (PEI) dispersant, and SiC slurries were made with rheology for LIS printing. High-density ceramic parts were printed, followed by single-step binder burnout and sintering. The printed parts achieved 93–95 % of theoretical density. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) revealed a small distribution of flaws exceeding 100 microns. The mechanical properties were measured in both parallel and perpendicular to the printing layers, and the orientation with layers perpendicular to the bending moment resulted in higher strength compared to the parallel direction. Porosity resulting from processing and large inclusions of boron carbide (B4C) were the root cause of failure in the measured samples. Despite these defects through this effort, this new approach demonstrates promise for green forming of SiC with densities greater than 95 % theoretical and tensile strengths above 250 MPa.
Twin structures possess distinct physical and chemical properties by virtue of their specific twin configuration. However, twinning and detwinning processes are not fully understood on the atomic scale. Integrating in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamic simulations, here, we find tensile strain in the asymmetrical 5-fold twins of Au nanoparticles leads to twin boundary migration through dislocation sliding (slipping of an atomic layer) along twin boundaries and dislocation reactions at the 5-fold axis under an electron beam. Migration of one or two layers of twin planes is governed by energy barriers, but overall, the total energy, including surface, lattice strain, and twin boundary energy, is relaxed after consecutive twin boundary migration, leading to a detwinning process. In addition, surface rearrangement of 5-fold twinned nanoparticles can aid in the detwinning process.
Superconducting topological systems formed by a strong 3D topological insulator (TI) in proximity to a conventional s-wave superconductor (SC) have been intensely studied, as they may host Majorana zero modes. However, there are limited experimental realizations of TI-SC systems in which robust superconducting pairing is induced on the surface states of the TI and a topological superconducting state is established. Here, we fabricate a TI-SC system by depositing, via a focused ion beam, tungsten (W) nanoscale clusters on the surface of TI Bi 0.91 Sb 0.09 . We find that the resulting heterostructure supports phase-slip lines (PSLs) that act as effective Josephson junctions (JJs). Here, we probe the response of the system to microwave radiation. We find that for some ac frequencies, and powers, the resulting Shapiro steps’ structure of the voltage–current characteristic exhibits a missing first step and an unexpectedly wide second Shapiro step. The theoretical analysis of the measurements shows that the unusual Shapiro response arises from the interplay between a static JJ and a dynamic one and allows us to identify the conditions under which the missing first step can be attributed to the topological nature of the JJs formed by the PSLs. Our results suggest an approach to induce superconductivity in a TI, a route to realizing highly transparent topological JJs, and show how the response of superconducting systems to microwave radiation can be used to infer the dynamics of PSLs. Highly transparent topological junctions are promising candidates to realize vector field sensors with very high sensitivity. In addition, due to the nontrivial Berry phase of the TI’s surface states such junctions can be in a topological state which is ideal to create topologically protected qubits.
Lattice oxygen redox (LOR) in P2-type layered oxides is an effective strategy to break through the limit of energy density of conventional cathodes due to its high redox potential (>4 V vs. Na + /Na) as well as extra capacity. Nevertheless, LOR induced local structure distortion and irreversible phase transitions cause serious electrochemical performance degradation, hindering the practical applications. In this work, we propose that the generation of the OP4 phase can be replaced with the Z phase by introducing Sb element with higher ionic potential and strong covalent bonds within the TMO 6 octahedron. Z phase transition is realized by constraining interlayer slipping between adjacent TM layers compared to OP4, which reduces the strain in the layered structure, lowers the Na+ diffusion energy barrier and creates more efficient Na+ diffusion channels. Consequently, Sb-substituted oxides demonstrates excellent kinetics, rate capability (79 mAh g -1 at 1 A g -1 ) in half cell and a high energy density of 487 Wh kg -1 (on cathode) in full cell.
We report on the transport properties of an array of N∼30 interconnected Nb nanowires, grown by sputtering on robust porous Si substrates. The analyzed system exhibits a broad resistive transition in zero magnetic field, H, and highly nonlinear V(I) characteristics as a function of H, which can be both consistently described by quantum tunneling of phase slips.
The paper deals with the rheological behavior of highly filled compounds proceeded via powder injection molding (PIM) and applied in many sectors of industry (automotive, medicine, electronic or military). Online rheometer equipped with slit dies varying in surface roughness and dimensions was applied to investigate the wall-slip as a rheological phenomenon, which can be considered as a parameter indicating the separation of compound components (polymer binder and metallic powder) during high shear rates when injection molded.
Behaviour between two materials in composite beam is assumed partially interact when longitudinal slip at its interfacial surfaces is considered. Commonly analysed by the mesh-based formulation, this study used meshless formulation known as Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method in the beam partial interaction analysis, numerically. As meshless formulation implies that the problem domain is discretised only by nodes, the EFG method is based on Moving Least Square (MLS) approach for shape functions formulation with its weak form is developed using variational method. The essential boundary conditions are enforced by Langrange multipliers. The proposed EFG formulation gives comparable results, after been verified by analytical solution, thus signify its application in partial interaction problems. Based on numerical test results, the Cubic Spline and Quartic Spline weight functions yield better accuracy for the EFG formulation, compares to other proposed weight functions.
A thickness distribution model of photoresist spin-coating on concave spherical substrate (CSS) has been developed via both theoretical studies and experimental verification. The stress of photoresist on rotating CSS is analyzed and the boundary conditions of hydrodynamic equation are presented under the non-lubricating condition. Moreover, a multivariable polynomial equation of photoresist-layer thickness distribution is derived by analyzing and deducing the flow equation where the evaporation rate, substrate topography, interface slip between liquid and CSS, and the variation of rotational speed and photoresist parameters are considered in detail. Importantly, the photoresist-layer thickness at various CSS rotational speeds and liquid concentrations can be obtained according to the theoretical equation. The required photoresist viscosity and concentration parameters of different photoresist coating thickness under a certain coating speeds can be also solved through this equation. It is noted that the calculated theoretical values are well consistent with the experimental results which were measured with various CSS rotational speeds and liquid concentrations at steady state. Therefore, both our experimental results and theoretical analysis provide the guidance for photoresist dilution and pave the way for potential improvements and microfabrication applications in the future.
Superconducting nanowires have attracted considerable attention due to their unique quantum-mechanical properties, as well as their potential as next-generation quantum nanodevices, such as single-photon detectors, phase-slip (PS) qubits, and other hybrid structures. In this study, we present the results of one-dimensional (1D) superconductivity in nanowires fabricated by coating suspended carbon nanotubes with a superconducting thin niobium nitride (NbN) film. In the resistance-temperature characteristic curves, hallmarks of 1D superconductivity with PS events are observed with unconventional negative magnetoresistance. We also confirm that a crossover occurs between thermal and quantum PSs as the temperature is lowered.
Spontaneous decay of a single photon is a notoriously inefficient process in nature irrespective of the frequency range. We report that a quantum phase-slip fluctuation in high-impedance superconducting waveguides can split a single incident microwave photon into a large number of lower-energy photons with a near unit probability. The underlying inelastic photon-photon interaction has no analogs in non-linear optics. Instead, the measured decay rates are explained without adjustable parameters in the framework of a new model of a quantum impurity in a Luttinger liquid. Our result connects circuit quantum electrodynamics to critical phenomena in two-dimensional boundary quantum field theories, important in the physics of strongly-correlated systems. Here, the photon lifetime data represents a rare example of verified and useful quantum many-body simulation.
Most of the destructions of machine parts are of fatigue character. Under cyclic loading, the surface layer, in which hardening–softening processes rapidly occur, is formed almost at once after its beginning. The interaction of plastic-deformation traces with each other and with other structural elements, such as grains, results in the formation of a characteristic microstructure of the machine-part surface subject to cyclic loadings. The character of accumulation of slip bands and their shape (narrow, wide, twisting, and broken) depends on the conditions under which (under what factors) the cyclic loading occurs. The fatigue-resistance index expressed in terms of the slope of left portion of the fatigue curve linearized in logarithmic coordinates also depends on the set of relevant factors. The dependence of the surface damageability on the fatigue resistance index makes it possible to implement the method of predicting the fatigue curve by the description of the factors acting on a detail or construction. The position of the inflection point on the curve in the highcycle fatigue region (the endurance limit and the number of loading cycles, the ordinate and abscissa of the inflection point on the fatigue curve, respectively) also depends on the set of relevant factors. In combination with the previously obtained value of the slope of the left portion of the curve in the high-cycle fatigue region, this makes it possible to construct an a priori fatigue curve, thus reducing the scope of required fatigue tests and, hence, high expenses because of their long duration and high cost. The scope of tests upon using the developed method of prediction may be reduced to a minimum of one or two samples at the predicted level of the endurance limit.
Recent molecular dynamics simulations revealed that dislocations in Mg were prone to dissociation on the basal plane, thus becoming sessile. Basal dissociation of dislocations is significant because it is a major factor in the limited ductility and high work-hardening in Mg. We report an in situ transmission electron microscopy study of the deformation process using an H-bar-shaped thin foil of Mg single crystal designed to facilitate slip, observe dislocation activity, and establish the validity of the largely immobile dislocations caused by the predicted basal dissociation. In addition, through detailed observations on the fine movement of some dislocations, it was revealed that limited bowing out movement for some non-basal portions of dislocations was possible; under certain circumstances, i.e., through attraction and reaction between two dislocations on the same pyramidal plane, at least portions of the sessile configuration were observed to be reversed into a glissile one.
The design of slip bearings with liquid lubricant used in airplane engines is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the bearings when used in highly stressed transmissions are considered. Means of improving the bearings by means of new materials are proposed.
Fatigue cracks often initiate from the surface extrusion/intrusions formed due to the operation of persistent slip bands (PSBs). Suppression of these surface topographical features by hard surface coatings can significantly extend fatigue lives under lower stress amplitudes (i.e., high cycle fatigue), while cracks initiate early in the coating or in the coating–substrate interface under higher stress amplitudes (i.e., low cycle fatigue), deteriorating the fatigue performance. However, both beneficial and detrimental effects of the coatings appear to be affected by the coating–substrate material combination and coating thickness. A quantitative understanding of the role of these factors in the fatigue performance of materials is still lacking. In this study, crystal plasticity simulations were employed to elucidate the dependence of the coating’s effects on two factors—i.e., the coating thickness and loading amplitudes. The results revealed that the thicker coatings more effectively suppress the operation of the PSBs, but generate higher tensile and shear stresses, normal and parallel to the interfaces, respectively, promoting interfacial delamination. The tensile stresses parallel to the interface within the coating, which favors coating fracture, are not sensitive to the coating thickness.