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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu2Pt by Materials Project

Pu2Pt is Cotunnite structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to four Pt atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing PuPt4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.92 Å) and one longer (2.93 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to four Pt atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing PuPt4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.93 Å) and one longer (2.95 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.45 Å. In the fourth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.48 Å. In the fifth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.52 Å. In the sixth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.53 Å. In the seventh Pu site, Pu is bonded to four Pt atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing PuPt4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.91–2.94 Å. In the eighth Pu site, Pu is bonded to four Pt atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing PuPt4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.91 Å) and three longer (2.93 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Pt sites. In the first Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms. In the second Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms. In the third Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms. In the fourth Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Single Small-Scale Plutonium Redox Reaction System Yields Three Crystallographically-Characterizable Organoplutonium Complexes

Here, an approach to obtaining substantial amounts of data from a hazardous starting material that can only be obtained and handled in small quantities is demonstrated by the investigation of a single small-scale reaction of cyclooctatetraene, C 8 H 8 , with a solution obtained from the reduction of Cp' 3 Pu (Cp' = C 5 H 4 SiMe 3 ) with potassium graphite. This one reaction coupled with oxidation of a product has provided single-crystal X-ray structural data on three organoplutonium compounds as well as information on redox chemistry thereby demonstrating an efficient route to new reactivity and structural information on this highly radioactive element. The crystal structures were obtained from the reduction of C 8 H 8 by a putative Pu(II) complex, (Cp' 3 Pu II ) 1– , generated in situ, to form the Pu(III) cyclooctatetraenide complex, [K(crypt)][(C 8 H 8 ) 2 Pu III ], 1-Pu , and the tetra(cyclopentadienyl) Pu(III) complex, [K(crypt)][Cp' 4 Pu III ], 2-Pu . Oxidation of the sample of 1-Pu with Ag(I) afforded a third organoplutonium complex that has been structurally characterized for the first time, (C 8 H 8 ) 2 Pu IV , 3-Pu . Complexes 1-Pu and 3-Pu contain Pu sandwiched between parallel (C 8 H 8 ) 2– rings. The (Cp' 4 Pu III ) – anion in 2-Pu features three η 5 -Cp' rings and one η 1 -Cp' ring, which is a rare example of a formal Pu–C η 1 -bond. In addition, this study addresses the challenge of small-scale synthesis imparted by radiological and material availability of transuranium isotopes, in particular that of pure metal samples. A route to an anhydrous Pu(III) starting material from the more readily available Pu IV O 2 was developed to facilitate reproducible syntheses and allow complete spectroscopic analysis of 1-Pu and 2-Pu . Pu IV O 2 was converted to Pu III Br 3 (DME) 2 (DME = CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ) and subsequently Pu III Br 3 (THF) x , which was used to independently synthesize 1-Pu , 2-Pu , and 3-Pu .

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu5Pt3 by Materials Project

Pu5Pt3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.24 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.24 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pt atoms. There are two shorter (3.02 Å) and four longer (3.03 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. In the fourth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pt atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Pt bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.24 Å. In the fifth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pt atoms. All Pu–Pt bond lengths are 3.04 Å. In the sixth Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pt atoms. There are two shorter (3.02 Å) and four longer (3.03 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. In the seventh Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pt atoms. There are four shorter (3.03 Å) and two longer (3.04 Å) Pu–Pt bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Pt sites. In the first Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms. In the second Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms. In the third Pt site, Pt is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Pu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PuZr by Materials Project

PuZr is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six equivalent Zr atoms to form PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.28 Å. All Pu–Zr bond lengths are 3.24 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six Zr atoms to form PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ZrPu6Zr10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.28 Å. All Pu–Zr bond lengths are 3.24 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six Zr atoms to form PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ZrPu6Zr10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.28 Å. All Pu–Zr bond lengths are 3.24 Å. There are two inequivalent Zr sites. In the first Zr site, Zr is bonded to six Pu and six equivalent Zr atoms to form ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra. All Zr–Zr bond lengths are 3.28 Å. In the second Zr site, Zr is bonded to six Pu and ten equivalent Zr atoms to form ZrPu6Zr10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen ZrPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra, faces with sixteen equivalent ZrPu6Zr10 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen PuPu6Zr6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zr–Zr bond distances ranging from 3.28–6.55 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PuTh by Materials Project

PuTh is alpha La-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six equivalent Th atoms to form PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.49 Å. All Pu–Th bond lengths are 3.45 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six Th atoms to form PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ThPu6Th10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.49 Å. All Pu–Th bond lengths are 3.45 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six Th atoms to form PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ThPu6Th10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.49 Å. All Pu–Th bond lengths are 3.45 Å. There are two inequivalent Th sites. In the first Th site, Th is bonded to six Pu and six equivalent Th atoms to form ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Th–Th bond lengths are 3.49 Å. In the second Th site, Th is bonded to six Pu and ten equivalent Th atoms to form ThPu6Th10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen ThPu6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with sixteen equivalent ThPu6Th10 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen PuPu6Th6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Th–Th bond distances ranging from 3.49–6.98 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu3Zn22 by Materials Project

Pu3Zn22 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to twenty Zn atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.46 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to sixteen Zn atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.43 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to sixteen Zn atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Zn bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.43 Å. There are ten inequivalent Zn sites. In the first Zn site, Zn is bonded to two Pu and ten Zn atoms to form distorted ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra that share corners with nineteen ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnPu3Zn9 cuboctahedra, and faces with twenty ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.97 Å. In the second Zn site, Zn is bonded to two Pu and ten Zn atoms to form distorted ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra that share corners with nineteen ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnPu3Zn9 cuboctahedra, and faces with twenty ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.97 Å. In the third Zn site, Zn is bonded to two Pu and ten Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.64–2.83 Å. In the fourth Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two Pu and nine Zn atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.76 Å. In the fifth Zn site, Zn is bonded to two equivalent Pu and ten Zn atoms to form distorted ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra, edges with eight ZnPu3Zn9 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (2.65 Å) and two longer (2.67 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the sixth Zn site, Zn is bonded to two Pu and ten Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.83 Å. In the seventh Zn site, Zn is bonded to two equivalent Pu and ten Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ZnPu2Zn10 cuboctahedra. All Zn–Zn bond lengths are 2.64 Å. In the eighth Zn site, Zn is bonded to three Pu and nine Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ZnPu3Zn9 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Zn bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.74 Å. In the ninth Zn site, Zn is bonded to three Pu and nine Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing ZnPu3Zn9 cuboctahedra. There are one shorter (2.61 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Zn–Zn bond lengths. In the tenth Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to two Pu and nine Zn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu3Th by Materials Project

Pu3Th is Magnesium-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Th atoms to form PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pu bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.51 Å. There are two shorter (3.39 Å) and two longer (3.45 Å) Pu–Th bond lengths. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Th atoms to form PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pu bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.51 Å. There are two shorter (3.39 Å) and two longer (3.45 Å) Pu–Th bond lengths. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Th atoms to form PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra. There are one shorter (3.38 Å) and one longer (3.51 Å) Pu–Pu bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.39 Å) and two longer (3.45 Å) Pu–Th bond lengths. Th is bonded to twelve Pu atoms to form ThPu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ThPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuPu8Th4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YbPu3 by Materials Project

Pu3Yb is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Yb atoms to form PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pu bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.52 Å. There are two shorter (3.40 Å) and two longer (3.44 Å) Pu–Yb bond lengths. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Yb atoms to form PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.35 Å. There are two shorter (3.40 Å) and two longer (3.44 Å) Pu–Yb bond lengths. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Yb atoms to form PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra. There are one shorter (3.36 Å) and one longer (3.52 Å) Pu–Pu bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.40 Å) and two longer (3.44 Å) Pu–Yb bond lengths. Yb is bonded to twelve Pu atoms to form YbPu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent YbPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuYb4Pu8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

NNSS Soils Monitoring: Plutonium Valley (CAU 366) FY2019

Desert Research Institute (DRI) conducted a field assessment of the potential for radionuclide-contaminated soil to be transported from the Plutonium Valley Dispersion Sites Contamination Area (CA) because of both wind and storm water runoff. This activity supported U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management Nevada Program (EM NV) efforts to establish post-closure monitoring plans for the Plutonium Valley Dispersion Sites Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 366. The DRI task was intended to identify the likely mechanism(s) of transport and determine the meteorological conditions that might cause the movement of radionuclide-contaminated soils. The emphasis of the work was on collecting sediment transported by channelized storm runoff and measuring airborne dust concentrations and associated wind conditions. These data will facilitate an appropriate post-closure monitoring program. In 2011, DRI installed meteorological monitoring stations north and south of the Plutonium Valley CA—known as Pu Valley North and Pu Valley South, respectively—as well as a fluvial sediment sampling station within the CA. Since installation, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, precipitation, solar radiation, barometric pressure, soil temperature, volumetric soil moisture content, and airborne particulate concentrations have been collected at both meteorological stations. The maximum, minimum, and average or total (as appropriate) for each of these parameters were recorded for each 10-minute interval. The sediment sampling station included an automatically activated sampling pump with collection bottles for suspended sediment, which was activated when sufficient flow was present in the channel, and passive traps for bedload material that was transported down the channel during runoff events. This report presents data collected from these stations during fiscal year (FY) 2019. During the FY2019 (October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019) reporting period, the warmest month was July and the coldest month was February. Monthly total solar radiation was highest in June or July (depending on the station) and lowest in December. Monthly mean wind speeds were highest during February. At the Pu Valley North station, winds were commonly northerly, northwesterly, and southerly. At the Pu Valley South station, the wind direction was more variable and winds frequently came from most directions, excluding westerly and northwesterly winds. Winds above 15.0 miles per hour (mph) (24.1 kilometers per hour [km/hr]) were frequently southerly at both stations, and less-frequent strong winds were northerly (at the Pu Valley South station) or northwesterly (at the Pu Valley North station). Monthly average relative humidity ranged from 18 percent in August to 62 percent in January and February. Monthly total precipitation ranged from zero at both stations in September to 2.23 inches (in) (56.6 millimeters [mm]) during February at the Pu Valley South station and 2.09 in (53.1 mm) during March at the Pu Valley North station. From October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019, the total precipitation was 8.23 in (209 mm) and 8.15 in (207 mm) at the Pu Valley South and Pu Valley North stations, respectively. The largest daily precipitation totals of 1.46 in (37.1 mm) and 1.14 in (29.0 mm) occurred at the Pu Valley South and Pu Valley North stations, respectively, on March 6, 2019. However, the ISCO autosampler was not activated during any storm event in FY2019 because the channel water depth measurements were insufficient for suspended sediment sample collection. Additionally, because no significant flow through the channel was indicated, no bedload samples were collected. Light breezes of 0.0 mph to 5.0 mph (0.0 km/hr to 8.0 km/hr) occurred most frequently (approximately 55 percent to 57 percent of the time). The frequency of occurrence diminished exponentially as the wind speed increased such that winds in excess of 25.0 mph (40.2 km/hr) occurred less than 0.01 percent of the time. Winds in excess of 15.0 mph (24.1 km/hr) were most commonly southerly, which is likely controlled by the topography of the valley because topographic highs define the east and west sides of the valley and converge toward the north.The concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 micrometers [μm]) and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) in the air generally increase as wind speed increases. However, the particle profiler at the Pu Valley South station regularly malfunctioned, which resulted in poor data quality and a limited period of record within FY2019. Therefore, discussion of the annual dust observations is mostly limited to the Pu Valley North station. At the Pu Valley North station, significant increases in windblown dust concentrations were observed when wind speeds exceeded 15.0 mph (24.1 km/hr), especially during southerly winds. When all wind speeds were considered, high dust concentrations at the Pu Valley North station were frequently associated with northerly, northwesterly, or southerly winds. The majority of PM10 transport at the Pu Valley North station occurred when winds were blowing northerly and northwesterly because of the high frequency of winds up to 15.0 mph (24.1 km/hr). The ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 is a qualitative indicator of the proximity of dust sources to the observation point and the values of the PM10 to PM2.5 ratio tend to be higher nearer to the source. The PM10 to PM2.5 ratio increased from 1.2 to 2.8 with higher wind speeds at the Pu Valley North station. This increase suggests that some locally sourced PM10 was present in the air when local winds exceeded 15.0 mph (24.1 km/hr). Local dust suspension is interpreted during major dust events when peaks in the PM10 to PM2.5 ratio occur simultaneously with the maximum wind speed and the peak PM10 concentration. Analysis of the five major dust events in FY2019 revealed that northerly winds were dominant in three events and southerly winds were dominant in two events. Local suspension of dust within Plutonium Valley is suspected to have occurred during two of the five major events (April 9, 2019, and September 28 to 29, 2019), and a nonlocal source of dust is presumed for the three other major dust events (October 14, 2018; May 16, 2019; and September 2, 2019). The three suspected regional dust transport events exhibited winds that typically did not exceed the 15.0 mph (24.1 km/hr) wind speed threshold for local dust transport and featured PM10 to PM2.5 ratios that indicate large-scale regional dust transport. Similar event characteristics (e.g., wind speed and PM10 concentration) were observed at air monitoring stations approximately 70 mi (113 km) to the northwest within the Tonopah Test Range (TTR). Therefore, these three regional events may not reflect transport from the Plutonium Valley CA. Routine monitoring of meteorological and hydrologic parameters at Plutonium Valley has been discontinued at the request of EM NV, effective at the conclusion of FY2019. Environmental data acquisition has been completed, and both Pu Valley North and Pu Valley South meteorological stations within Plutonium Valley as well as the ISCO autosampler station within the CA were removed on October 14, 2019.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu2TcB6 by Materials Project

Pu2TcB6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pu+3.50+ sites. In the first Pu+3.50+ site, Pu+3.50+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Tc1- and fourteen B1- atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Tc bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.15 Å. There are a spread of Pu–B bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.76 Å. In the second Pu+3.50+ site, Pu+3.50+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and twelve B1- atoms. The Pu–Pu bond length is 2.63 Å. There are one shorter (2.97 Å) and one longer (2.98 Å) Pu–Tc bond lengths. There are a spread of Pu–B bond distances ranging from 2.63–2.69 Å. Tc1- is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to five Pu+3.50+ and ten B1- atoms. There are a spread of Tc–B bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.40 Å. There are six inequivalent B1- sites. In the first B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Pu+3.50+ and two B1- atoms. Both B–B bond lengths are 1.68 Å. In the second B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and three B1- atoms. There are a spread of B–B bond distances ranging from 1.78–1.81 Å. In the third B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and three B1- atoms. The B–B bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fourth B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and three B1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.75 Å) and one longer (1.80 Å) B–B bond length. In the fifth B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and three B1- atoms. The B–B bond length is 1.82 Å. In the sixth B1- site, B1- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four Pu+3.50+, two equivalent Tc1-, and three B1- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu3In by Materials Project

Pu3In is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent In atoms to form distorted PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.07 Å) and two longer (3.08 Å) Pu–Pu bond lengths. All Pu–In bond lengths are 3.07 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent In atoms to form distorted PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.07 Å) and two longer (3.08 Å) Pu–Pu bond lengths. All Pu–In bond lengths are 3.07 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent In atoms to form distorted PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra. All Pu–In bond lengths are 3.08 Å. In is bonded to twelve Pu atoms to form InPu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent InPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuPu8In4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PmPu3 by Materials Project

Pu3Pm is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Pm atoms to form PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pu bond distances ranging from 3.39–3.57 Å. There are two shorter (3.46 Å) and two longer (3.48 Å) Pu–Pm bond lengths. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Pm atoms to form PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.40 Å. There are two shorter (3.46 Å) and two longer (3.48 Å) Pu–Pm bond lengths. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded to eight Pu and four equivalent Pm atoms to form PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.46 Å) and two longer (3.48 Å) Pu–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to twelve Pu atoms to form PmPu12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent PmPu12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve PuPm4Pu8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CePu by Materials Project

Pu(Ce) crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six Ce atoms to form PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra. All Pu–Pu bond lengths are 3.30 Å. All Pu–Ce bond lengths are 3.25 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded to ten equivalent Pu and six Ce atoms to form PuCe6Pu10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, faces with sixteen equivalent PuCe6Pu10 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pu–Pu bond distances ranging from 3.30–6.59 Å. All Pu–Ce bond lengths are 3.25 Å. There are three inequivalent Ce sites. In the first Ce site, Ce is bonded to six equivalent Pu and six equivalent Ce atoms to form CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra. All Ce–Ce bond lengths are 3.30 Å. In the second Ce site, Ce is bonded to six Pu and six equivalent Ce atoms to form CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent PuCe6Pu10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra. All Ce–Ce bond lengths are 3.30 Å. In the third Ce site, Ce is bonded to six Pu and six equivalent Ce atoms to form CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent PuCe6Pu10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent CeCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen PuCe6Pu6 cuboctahedra. All Ce–Pu bond lengths are 3.25 Å. All Ce–Ce bond lengths are 3.30 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Direct analysis of cotton swipes for plutonium isotope determination by microextraction-ICP-MS

This study demonstrates a method for determining the isotopic composition of low-level (sub-pg) plutonium (Pu) directly from a cotton swipe. Environmental sample (ES) swipes are routinely employed as a tool for monitoring activities in nuclear facilities. Traditional ES swipe analysis, as employed in nuclear safeguards, utilizes laborious ashing, digestion, and chemical separation procedures prior to mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Here, an innovative sample introduction technique employing a microextraction probe to extract Pu directly from the swipe surface is described. The microextraction probe lowers onto the swipe surface, seals on a small area (8 mm 2 ), and delivers solvent (2% HNO 3 ) to extract actinide material that may be present. The extracted analyte is subsequently directed into a sector field inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS for isotope ratio determination. This microextraction-ICP-MS method successfully determined the isotopic composition ( 240 Pu/ 239 Pu and 242 Pu/ 239 Pu) of three Pu certified reference materials (CRM 136, 137, and 138) that were deposited (1 pg) onto ES swipes. The percent relative difference from the certified value, uncorrected for instrumental fractionation, was <2% for the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu ratio on all three CRMs and <10% for the 242 Pu/ 239 Pu ratio on CRM 136 and 138. Here, the percent relative standard deviation, an estimate of the sample-to-sample isotopic precision, was <4% for the 240 Pu/ 239 Pu and <15% for the 242 Pu/ 239 Pu. Method limits of detection were determined, based on measurements of an enriched 244 Pu material, to be ~7 fg. Additionally, a mixed uranium (U) and Pu deposition was made to determine the method's ability to simultaneously extract U and Pu and determine the isotopic composition of both analytes.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu5Rh4 by Materials Project

Pu5Rh4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Rh atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Rh bond distances ranging from 2.79–3.12 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one Pu and six Rh atoms. The Pu–Pu bond length is 2.57 Å. There are a spread of Pu–Rh bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.21 Å. In the third Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Pu and six Rh atoms. There are a spread of Pu–Rh bond distances ranging from 2.66–3.21 Å. There are three inequivalent Rh sites. In the first Rh site, Rh is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Pu and two equivalent Rh atoms. There are one shorter (2.74 Å) and one longer (2.92 Å) Rh–Rh bond lengths. In the second Rh site, Rh is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Pu atoms. In the third Rh site, Rh is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to eight Pu and two equivalent Rh atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plutonium reactive transport in fractured granite: Multi-species experiments and simulations

Plutonium (Pu) in the subsurface environment can transport in different oxidation states as an aqueous solute or as colloidal particles. The transport behavior of Pu is affected by the relative abundances of these species and can be difficult to predict when they simultaneously exist. This study investigates the concurrent transport of Pu intrinsic colloids, Pu(IV) (aq) and Pu(V-VI) (aq) through a combination of controlled experiments and semi-analytical dual-porosity transport modeling. Pu transport experiments were conducted in a fractured granite at high and low flow rates to elucidate sorption processes and their scaling behavior. In the experiments, Pu(IV) (aq) was the least mobile of the Pu species, Pu(V-VI) (aq) had intermediate mobility, and the colloidal Pu, which consisted mainly of precipitated and/or hydrolyzed Pu(IV), was the most mobile. The semi-analytical modeling revealed that the sorption of each Pu species was rate-limited, as the sorption could not be described by assuming local equilibrium in the experiments. The model was able to describe the sorption of the different Pu species that occurring either on fracture surfaces, in the pores of the rock matrix, or simultaneously in both locations. While equally good fits to the data could be achieved using any of these assumptions, a fracture-dominated process was considered to be the most plausible because it provided the most reasonable estimates of sorption rate constants. Importantly, a key result of this work is that the sorption rate constant of all Pu species tends to decrease with increasing time scales, which implies that Pu will tend to be more mobile at longer time scales than observations at shorter time scales suggest. This result has important implications for predicting the environmental impacts of Pu in the safety assessments of geologic repositories for radioactive waste disposal, and we explore potential mechanistic bases for upscaling the sorption rate constants to time and distance scales that cannot be practically evaluated in experiments.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pu2IO10 by Materials Project

Pu2O10I crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two Pu2O10I sheets oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Pu–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–2.61 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Pu–O bond distances ranging from 1.77–2.53 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pu atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.78 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Pu and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.90 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Pu and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.92 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pu atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pu atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Pu atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Pu and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 2.37 Å. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pu atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Pu and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 2.48 Å. I is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CePu4Co3 by Materials Project

Pu4CeCo3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Pu sites. In the first Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Pu and four equivalent Co atoms. The Pu–Pu bond length is 2.82 Å. There are a spread of Pu–Co bond distances ranging from 2.45–3.17 Å. In the second Pu site, Pu is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Pu, two equivalent Ce, and six Co atoms. There are one shorter (3.17 Å) and one longer (3.19 Å) Pu–Ce bond lengths. There are a spread of Pu–Co bond distances ranging from 2.64–3.27 Å. Ce is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pu and four equivalent Co atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and two longer (2.81 Å) Ce–Co bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pu atoms. In the second Co site, Co is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Pu and two equivalent Ce atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗