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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

TechEdSat - An Educational 1U CubeSat Architecture Using Plug-and-Play Avionics

Mission Objectives: build a 1U cubesat within 6 months from kickoff to launch. Demonstrate and evaluate the Space Plug-and-Play avionics hardware and software from ÅAC Microtec; investigate both Iridium and Orbcomm intersatellite communication as a method of eliminating the requirement for a physical ground station in Nano satellite missions; demonstrate the capabilities of the JAXA J-SSOD aboard the ISS, and be one of the first cubesats to be deployed from the ISS.

TechEdSat↗
NASA NTRS2015

Numerical Calibration of Mass Flow Plug for Inlet Testing

A simple control volume model has been developed to calculate the discharge coefficient through a mass flow plug (MFP) and validated with a calibration experiment. The maximum error of the model within the operating region of the MFP is 0.54%. The control volume analysis developed work is comprised of a sequence of flow calculations through the MFP. The model uses the MFP geometry and operating pressure and temperature to couple continuity, momentum, energy, an equation of state, and wall shear. The discharge coefficient calculation also includes the effects of boundary layer growth, including the reduction in cross-sectional flow area as characterized by the boundary layer displacement thickness. The last calculation in the sequence uses an integral method to calculate the growth of the boundary layer, from which the displacement thickness is then determined. The result of these successive calculations is an accurate one-dimension model of the velocity, pressure, and temperature through the MFP. For comparison, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calibration is shown, which when compared to the presented numerical model, had a lower accuracy with a maximum error of 1.35% in addition to being slower by a factor of 100."

Flow Measurement↗
NASA NTRS2021

Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Air Fresheners: Plug-Ins at Home and Little Trees in Cars

Air fresheners contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), some of which are possible hazardous air pollutants, carcinogens, or chemicals associated with adverse health effects such as asthma. This screening study identifies VOCs emitted from two types of air fresheners. Plug-in air fresheners are household products that release scents from a heated liquid. Little Tree air fresheners are commonly used solid devices designed to hang in from the rear view mirror in cars. VOCs that were released from heated samples of air fresheners were identified by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Amongst VOCs commonly known to have scent properties, this screening also revealed the presence of compounds that are not associated with fragrances and that may have adverse health effects. In a pilot study to characterize how air fresheners affect air quality in real settings, air samples were collected on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) field samplers in a home setting and inside a vehicle, before and during air-freshener use. This pilot demonstrated some limited potential for SPME field samplers to track changes in VOC levels in real-life settings.

Adriana Pino-Delgado↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Flow Fields of Internally Mixed Exhaust Systems With External Plug For Supersonic Transport Applications

Commercial supersonic vehicles of the future will likely use engines with lower bypass ratios, where the design of the internal mixer will have a strong impact on the noise produced by the jet plume. Their exhaust systems may also feature external plugs to improve boattail angle for cruise performance at supersonic speeds. Currently there are no publicly available empirical noise models for such nozzle systems, and insight into their flow fields will help in creating these models. For those attempting to make large eddy simulations and other higher fidelity methods be their main prediction tool, the internally mixed exhaust system is also a good test case when going beyond simple single-stream jets. The turbulent flow statistics of several configurations previously tested for noise and shocks have been measured for flow conditions that can be used in development of empirical models and validating scale-resolving prediction tools. These measurements are presented and briefly analyzed for insights into the noise impacts from the flow impacts observed.

Turbulence, Jets, Particle Image velocimetry↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Flow Fields of Internally Mixed Exhaust Systems With External Plug For Supersonic Transport Applications

Commercial supersonic vehicles of the future will likely use engines with lower bypass ratios, where the design of the internal mixer will have a strong impact on the noise produced by the jet plume. Their exhaust systems may also feature external plugs to improve boattail angle for cruise performance at supersonic speeds. Currently there are no publicly available empirical noise models for such nozzle systems, and insight into their flow fields will help in creating these models. For those attempting to make large eddy simulations and other higher fidelity methods be their main prediction tool, the internally mixed exhaust system is also a good test case when going beyond simple single-stream jets. The turbulent flow statistics of several configurations previously tested for noise and shocks have been measured for flow conditions that can be used in development of empirical models and validating scale-resolving prediction tools. These measurements are presented and briefly analyzed for insights into the noise impacts from the flow impacts observed.

Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics↗
DOE OSTI2020

Deep Learning-Based Queue-Aware Eco-Approach and Departure System for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Buses at Signalized Intersections: A Simulation Study

Eco-Approach and Departure (EAD) has been considered as a promising eco-driving strategy for vehicles traveling in an urban environment, where information such as signal phase and timing (SPaT) and geometric intersection description is well utilized to guide vehicles passing through intersections in the most energy-efficient manner. Previous studies formulated the optimal trajectory planning problem as finding the shortest path on a graphical model. While this method is effective in terms of energy saving, its computation efficiency can be further enhanced by adopting machine learning techniques. In this paper, we propose an innovative deep learning-based queue-aware eco-approach and departure (DLQ-EAD) system for a plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB), which is able to provide an online optimal trajectory for the vehicle considering both the downstream traffic condition (i.e. traffic lights, queues) and the vehicle powertrain efficiency. Based on optimal solutions obtained from the graph-based trajectory planning algorithm (GTPA), a deep neural network (DNN) is developed to learn the optimal vehicle speed for the next time step given its current state. It is demonstrated that the trained DNN can provide energy-efficient trajectories with high computational efficiency and high flexibility adopting to dynamic changes in the surrounding environment. To address the impact of downstream traffic, a queue prediction model is further developed using data from radars and connected vehicles (CVs), as well as signal timing data from SPaT messages. A comprehensive simulation study in the microscopic traffic modeling software PTV VISSIM shows that the proposed DLQ-EAD can achieve 18.7%-24.0% energy efficiency improvements for a single PHEB on various traffic congestion levels. The proposed queue prediction model can be of practical significance even at low penetration rates of CVs. Specifically, additional energy savings of 2.0%-8.2% can be further achieved with 20% vehicles in the network.

Ye, Fei↗
DOE OSTI2021

Experience with Inner Reflector Plug exchange in SNS

The Inner Reflector Plug (IRP) is a central component of the Spallation Neutron Source target monolith, which houses the mercury target and four liter-sized neutron moderator units. It is exposed to high-level radiation fields during routine operation and builds up significant activity. The IRP needs to be replaced due to moderator neutron poison and decoupler burn-out, which is used for shaping neutron pulses. The first IRP exchange took place in March 2018. The old IRP was extracted from the target monolith, providing space for the new one. It was split into three segments, each of which was handled separately. The lowest section of the IRP is the largest segment in size and in activity and is temporarily stored on-site for cool down before conduction post irradiation examination. In support of planning the replacement activities, a wide range of activation and transport analyses were performed. This included calculating isotope inventories and the radiation fields for each segment as it is extracted in storage casks, and the radiation field from the empty IRP pit in the target monolith. While the replacement was taking place, measurements were performed and later on compared to the calculations. During these studies, it was discovered that a significant contributor to the radiation field from the lower IRP segment is from photo-neutrons. Photo-nuclear physics was added to the analyses and calculated results compared well with measured dose rates.

Popova, Irina I.↗
DOE OSTI2024

“Max-tech FHR”: What is the maximum technically achievable water delivery capacity from a single 120 V plug?

Electrifying water heating will require affordable, direct drop-in replacements for existing gas water heaters that meet consumer expectations for hot water delivery. For many replacement scenarios, affordability requires a replacement option with like-for-like physical product dimensions, and existing consumer expectations presume a large delivery capacity from a small water heater. This work explores the technical potential for hot water delivery capacity for a heat pump water heater (HPWH) powered from a common 120 V plug. Delivery capability in this work is quantified by two metrics: the First Hour Rating (FHR) defined in the Code of Federal Regulations, and a real-world draw profile that resulted in hot water runout during field studies of 120 V HPWHs. The work focuses on the common “tall-and-slim” gas water heater product category, with external product dimensions of 20 inch diameter and 60 inch height. Using a simulation model in DOE/ORNL Heat Pump Design Model, validated by experimental baseline testing of a commercially available 120 V HPWH model, several measures were evaluated to maximize the delivery capacity of a 120 V HPWH. The 120 V HPWH was constrained by 1) external product dimensions of 20 in diameter and 60 inch height, 2) electrical power of 1.5 kW (85% of the available power from a dedicated 120 V, 15 A circuit), and 3) commercially-available components. The measures implemented included a large compressor, a pumped loop with plate heat exchanger to maximize tank stratification, enlarged heat exchangers, and relatively thin insulation to maximize the water storage volume.

Gluesenkamp, Kyle↗
DOE OSTI2024

Solid state protective smart plug device

A wireless-controlled smart plug device and methods of use and operation, using a solid state switch to provide electrical power from an outlet to a load, and provide protection against overload, short circuit, ground, arc, or voltage surge faults. The switch includes a bidirectional semiconductor switch with two back-to-back connected transistors, such as silicon power MOSFETs, silicon insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, or gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, each configured to control the current flow from the electrical receptacle to the external electrical load.

Shen, Zheng↗