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All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1972

SYMAT, COVAR: Test Procedures for Matrix Calculations

The FORTRAN subroutine SYMAT and related subroutines are described. In essence SYMAT is an iterative algorithm in which the problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix is transformed into an equivalent problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an infinite sequence of matrices of order two. A DEMO PROGRAM contains a subroutine COVAR which is used to compute the covariance matrix (denoted by A) of a data matrix (denoted by X). Since a covariance matrix is symmetric it can be analyzed by using subroutine SYMAT.

Morris, W. L.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Factors affecting miniature Izod impact strength of tungsten-fiber-metal-matrix

The miniature Izod and Charpy impact strengths of copper, copper-nickel, and nickel-base superalloy uniaxially reinforced with continuous tungsten fibers were studied. In most cases, impact strength was increased by increasing fiber or matrix toughness, decreasing fibermatrix reaction, increasing test temperature, hot working, or heat treating. Notch sensitivity was reduced by increasing fiber content or matrix toughness. An equation relating impact strength to fiber and matrix properties and fiber content was developed. Program results imply that tungsten alloy-fiber/superalloy matrix composites can be made with adequate impact resistance for turbine blade or vane applications.

Winsa, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Note on the transfer wave matrix

A relationship exists between the elements of the transfer wave matrix and the ABCD matrix elements which allows a considerable reduction of effort required to find the matrix for cascaded two-port network sections. This relationship and the simplified expressions for obtaining the matrix elements are presented here.

Chang, F.-C.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Advanced Composites: Mechanical Properties and Hardware Programs for Selected Resin Matrix Materials

This design note presents typical mechanical properties tabulated from industrial and governmental agencies' test programs. All data are correlated to specific products and all of the best known products are presented. The data include six epoxies, eight polyimides and one polyquinoxaline matrix material. Bron and graphite are the fiber reinforcements. Included are forty-two summaries of advanced (resin matrix) composite programs in existence in the United States. It is concluded that the selection of appropriate matrices, the geometric manner in which the fibers are incorporated in the matrix and the durability of the bond between fiber and matrix establish the end properties of the composite material and the performance of the fabricated structure.

Welhart, E. K.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Advanced composites: Environmental effects on selected resin matrix materials

The effects that expected space flight environment has upon the mechanical properties of epoxy and polyimide matrix composites were analyzed. Environmental phenomena covered water immersion, high temperature aging, humidity, lightning strike, galvanic action, electromagnetic interference, thermal shock, rain and sand erosion, and thermal/vacuum outgassing. The technology state-of-the-art for graphite and boron reinforced epoxy and polyimide matrix materials is summarized to determine the relative merit of using composites in the space shuttle program. Resin matrix composites generally are affected to some degree by natural environmental phenomena with polyimide resin matrix materials less affected than epoxies.

Welhart, E. K.↗

NASA NTRS1977

An Analytical State Transition Matrix for Orbits Perturbed by an Oblate Spheroid

An analytical state transition matrix and its inverse, which include the short period and secular effects of the second zonal harmonic, were developed from the nonsingular PS satellite theory. The fact that the independent variable in the PS theory is not time is in no respect disadvantageous, since any explicit analytical solution must be expressed in the true or eccentric anomaly. This is shown to be the case for the simple conic matrix. The PS theory allows for a concise, accurate, and algorithmically simple state transition matrix. The improvement over the conic matrix ranges from 2 to 4 digits accuracy.

Mueller, A. C.↗

NASA NTRS1977

An algorithm for constrained maximization of the trace of a matrix

The 'trace' of a rectangular matrix is defined as the trace of a square matrix obtained by appending null rows (or columns) at the bottom (or right) end. The problem of maximizing the trace of a matrix, by permutations and mergers of rows and columns with constraints on the resulting size of the matrix, is of interest in comparison of maps and image-change detection. This correspondence presents an algorithm based on dynamic programming for efficient maximization of trace.

Ramapriyan, H. K.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix composites for aerospace applications

The graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix composite system is described. Although this composite is not yet a mature material, it possesses low density, attractive mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, and good environmental stability. Properties are reported for a borosilicate glass matrix unidirectionally reinforced with 60 volume percent HMS graphite fiber. The flexural strength and fatigue characteristics at room and elevated temperature, resistance to thermal cycling and continuous high temperature oxidation, and thermal expansion characteristics of the composite are reported. The properties of this new composite are compared to those of advanced resin and metal matrix composites showing that graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix composites are attractive for aerospace applications.

Prewo, K. M.↗

NASA NTRS1980

The role of the alloy matrix in the creep behavior of particle-strengthened alloys

The strengthening microstructural features in heat-resistant super-alloys are oxide dispersoids and/or gamma-prime precipitates. The role of the strength of the alloy matrix in the creep resistance of these alloys is considered. An evaluation was made of experimental data on oxide-dispersion- and/or precipitation-strengthened nickel-based alloys with various levels of matrix solid solution strengthening; a generalized expression for creep rates which separates the matrix contributions from the particle contributions to the resisting stress and creep strength of these alloys was derived. It is concluded that the major role of the alloy matrix in the creep behavior of these alloys is in determining the apparent stress dependence of the creep rates.

Ajaja, O.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Iterative optical vector-matrix processors (survey of selected achievable operations)

An iterative optical vector-matrix multiplier with a microprocessor-controlled feedback loop capable of performing a wealth of diverse operations was described. A survey and description of many of its operations demonstrates the versatility and flexibility of this class of optical processor and its use in diverse applications. General operations described include: linear difference and differential equations, linear algebraic equations, matrix equations, matrix inversion, nonlinear matrix equations, deconvolution and eigenvalue and eigenvector computations. Engineering applications being addressed for these different operations and for the IOP are: adaptive phased-array radar, time-dependent system modeling, deconvolution and optimal control.

Casasent, D.↗

NASA NTRS1982

A compliant, high failure strain, fibre-reinforced glass-matrix composite

A glass-matrix composite reinforced by discontinuous graphite fibers was produced by hot pressing glass-powder-impregnated two-dimensional arrays of in-plane randomly oriented graphite fibers held together by approximately 5-10% by weight of organic binder (generally polyester). The composite tensile behavior is characterized by a highly nonlinear stress-strain curve which differs markedly from that of either unreinforced glass or a similarly reinforced epoxy-matrix composite. By virtue of this nonlinearity, the composite is able to redistribute applied stresses to achieve a high load-carrying capacity. The fibrous microstructure and the low fiber-matrix bond provide a mechanism for achieving high fracture toughness and unusually high compliance. For a 96%-silica-matrix composite, the strength is retained to over 1000 C.

Prewo, K. M.↗

NASA NTRS1981

A high capacity satellite switched TDMA microwave switch matrix

A description is given of the conceptual design of a high-capacity satellite switched-time division multiple access (SS-TDMA) microwave switch matrix fabricated with GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), including integration of both microwave and control logic circuits into the monolithic design. The technology required for a 30/20 GHz communications system includes an on-board SS-TDMA switch matrix. A conceptual design study that has been completed for a wideband, high-capacity (typically 100 x 100) channel switch matrix using technology anticipated for 1987 is described, noting that the study resulted in a switch matrix design concept using a coupled crossbar architecture implemented with MMIC. The design involves basic building block MMIC, permitting flexible growth and efficient wraparound redundancy to increase reliability.

Cory, B. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

20 x 20 IF switch matrix for SS-TDMA systems

Satellite-switched TDMA, an effective means for the increasing of communication satellite channel capacity and the improvement of system flexibility, requires that the spacecraft carry an IF switch matrix in order to provide interconnectivity among multiple beam antennas. Attention is presently given to the development of a 20 x 20 IF switch matrix for the NASA 30/20 GHz communications satellite which will provide a 2.5 GHz bandwidth at C-band frequencies with a switching speed of 10 nsec. Switch matrix architecture, switching device characteristic, and distribution control unit design practices are discussed, together with switch matrix reliability.

Ho, P. T.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Integrated-optical approaches to matrix multiplication

The solution of matrix equations is essential to carrying out a large variety of control algorithms and to reducing certain types of data such as the output of a multispectral sensor array. Optical techniques and, in particular, integrated-optical circuits (IOC's) can provide compact, low-power devices for performing the mitrix multiplications necessary for the solution of these problems. A specific IOC for performing vector-matrix multiplication and several approaches to the design of IOC's for matrix-matrix multiplication will be discussed.

Verber, C. M.↗

NASA NTRS1984

User's Guide for ERB 7 Matrix. Volume 1: Experiment Description and Quality Control Report for Year 1

The Nimbus 7 ERB MATRIX Tape is a computer program in which radiances and irradiances are converted into fluxes which are used to compute the basic scientific output parameters, emitted flux, albedo, and net radiation. They are spatially averaged and presented as time averages over one-day, six-day, and monthly periods. MATRIX data for the period November 16, 1978 through October 31, 1979 are presented. Described are the Earth Radiation Budget experiment, the Science Quality Control Report, Items checked by the MATRIX Science Quality Control Program, and Science Quality Control Data Analysis Report. Additional material from the detailed scientific quality control of the tapes which may be very useful to a user of the MATRIX tapes is included. Known errors and data problems and some suggestions on how to use the data for further climatologic and atmospheric physics studies are also discussed.

Tighe, R. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Direct and implicit optical matrix-vector algorithms

New direct and implicit algorithms for optical matrix-vector and systolic array processors are considered. Direct rather than indirect algorithms to solve linear systems and implicit rather than explicit solutions to solve second-order partial differential equations are discussed. In many cases, such approaches more properly utilize the advantageous features of optical systolic array processors. The matrix-decomposition operation (rather than solution of the simplified matrix-vector equation that results) is recognized as the computationally burdensome aspect of such problems that should be computed on an optical system. The Householder QR matrix-decomposition algorithm is considered as a specific example of a direct solution. Extensions to eigenvalue computation and formation of matrices of special structure are also noted.

Casasent, D.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Practical preventive reliability using matrix forms

This paper describes a practical new tool to improve the reliability of equipment. It uses a matrix form to help monitor anticipated component faults precisely. The tool provides the practical measures necessary to generate matrix tables that accurately display all causes of failure and all planned programmatic analyses, tests, processes, and inspections. When completed, the matrix tables give users in-depth visibility of the degree of protection against component failure that is provided by the program's preventive measure plans. The matrix form is an excellent technique for tracking, and thereby influencing, the reliability of nonelectronic spacecraft subsystems or components. No electronic applications have been tried, but the procedure can be useful in the electronics field, e.g., in integrated circuit production planning, and perhaps in process control, inspection or test lines for other electronic components. The drawing of forms, and the recording/manipulation of the data can be computerized.

Johnson, S. A.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Graphite fiber reinforced thermoplastic glass matrix composites for use at 1000 F

The fabrication and properties of the graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix composite system are described. By reinforcing borosilicate glass with graphite fibers it has been possible to develop a composite whose properties can be compared favorably with resin matrix counterparts. Both high elastic modulus and strength can be obtained and maintained to temperatures of approximately 600 C. In addition, composite dimensional stability is superior to resin or metal matrix systems due to the low thermal expansion behavior of the glass matrix.

Prewo, K. M.↗