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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Institutional Computing: Annual Progress Report, Precision early universe simulations to constrain nuclear reactions and beyond standard model physics

The current one-year allocation (w20 qburst) is the first year in a two year allocation of the same name. The project has supported two publications in peer-review journals, another manuscript in preparation for publication, a white paper for the Astro2020 Decadal Survey, and a number of talks (see below). Code development continues on implementing a neutrino quantum kinetic equation solver into BURST, now called QBURST. While implementing coherent and forward-scattering processes into the dynamical neutrino evolution equations, multiple numerical issues have appeared. We have remedied a number of these issues through extensive debugging and testing, which include streamlining interpolation and implementing new ODE integration techniques. Further testing is required to solve the problem at a precision of better than one part in 10 6 . We expect that we will understand the numerical difficulties and implement solutions by end of year 2021.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

LANL Institutional Computing Highlight: Local Time-Stepping in Global to Regional Ocean Modeling (Annual Report) [Slides]

Multi-resolution global ocean simulations are possible with the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Ocean (MPAS-Ocean), although the model is currently constrained to a uniform time step. The time step is determined by the size of the smallest cell in the grid, according to the CFL condition. To overcome this issue, a local time stepping (LTS) scheme has been designed for MPAS-Ocean. We have made progress on implementing the LTS scheme, as well as quantitative results and performance tests.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

A multi-institution collaboration to study copper wire hybrid and laser-cut foil X-pinches

X-pinches are a pulsed power wire-array configuration that produce nanosecond and micron-scale X-ray sources with numerous applications. The earliest embodiment of the X-pinch inspired its name, as it is typically composed of two or more fine (5-50 µm) wires crossed into the shape of an X (Fig. 1a). The ‘X’ ablates when subjected to large (10 1 -10 4 kA), fast-rising (~1 kA/ns) currents, and extreme magnetic pressure at the cross-point constricts the ablated plasma, which develops instabilities and then pinches to near-zero radius, localized ‘hot spots’, emitting X-rays from a sub-nanosecond and 1 µm scale source characteristic of a hot (~1 keV), dense (10% solid density) plasma. A subsequent gap forms where the hot spot(s) occurred, across which substantial potential accelerates electron beams (e-beams) that generate larger, longer-lasting X-ray bursts composed of harder X-rays.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) [Abstract]

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture from flue gas generated by fossil fuel-fired power plants has been proposed as an efficient approach to limit CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere. Due to the high cyclic CO 2 sorption capacity, well-tuned adsorption chemistry and non-volatility, solid sorbents are widely studied for CO 2 capture processes such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA). Realistic applications of traditional solid sorbent systems face many challenges since moisture and heat management are problematic and solid-solid heat exchange is inefficient. Recently, a novel solid sorbent system, the sorbent polymer composite (SPC), has been developed to overcome those challenges in an energy-saving CO 2 capture process using TSA membrane contactors. A SPC material is comprised of a powdered solid sorbent embedded into a hydrophobic and porous polymer matrix. It allows gases to permeate through and achieve full contact with the sorbents while rejecting water moisture in the CO 2 capture process. In this collaborative research, NETL will conduct performance testing of a novel SPC material and EPRI will conduct a cost analysis based on that performance data.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Reactor LEU Fuel Element Flow Test Conceptual Design

As part of the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA’s) mission to minimize the civilian use of weapon-grade highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuels, the NNSA Office of Material Management and Minimization (M 3 ) Conversion Program is collaborating with six U.S. High Performance Research Reactors (USHPRR), including one critical facility, to convert from the use of HEU to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. The M 3 conversion objectives for the USHPRR are to develop LEU fuel element designs that will ensure safe reactor operations and maintain the existing experimental performance of each facility. The work is being conducted through many interrelated activities that are being completed by stakeholders across organizations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

2021 Supercomputer Institute Outbrief [Slides]

An ideal early career candidate for the HPC division is one who has a bachelor’s degree in a related field and experience with concepts of high performance computing. Most programs do not provide a good background on the systems side of HPC in their undergraduate curricula. We are competing for the same candidates that large tech companies are interested in and recruiting into a field that isn’t on the radar of many undergrads.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advancing coupled fire-atmosphere research with HIGRAD/FIRETEC (w20_firetec) (CY 2021 Institutional Computing Annual Progress Report) [Slides]

LANL’s HIGRAD and FIRETEC models were used in a multi-scale simulation framework to investigate impacts of small-scale fuel heterogeneities on large-scale Pyro-Cb formation. Forest structural diversity is found to increase canopy fire spread, and thus risk of tree mortality in FIRETEC simulations. Structural diversity is associated with an increase in ladder fuels, which facilitate fire spread into the canopy. Low-intensity fire burning in marginal conditions is highly sensitive to small perturbation in atmospheric turbulence. These results highlight predictive limitations of individual fire simulations, and emphasize the need for ensemble simulations, especially for low-intensity, prescribed fire.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Request for Information on Establishing a New Manufacturing Institute (DE-FOA-0002564)

Deep decarbonization of major industries such as metals manufacturing requires extensive process integration and controls to manage feedstocks, side reactions, heat, water, and waste streams. The scale of the energy and capital investment requires that process integration be validated to a high level of confidence with no bias. Industries such as steel production have very thin profit margins. Therefore, lack of confidence in process integration, product quality, and economics is a major deterrence to changes in manufacturing capital investment. Public sector investment in reconfigurable pilot testbeds and a first-of-a-kind plant would be necessary to de-risk technical and financial barriers prior to industry-wide buildout. DOE should consider a National Lab-led hub for the testbeds. Lab testbeds could be utilized in campaigns and allow multiple industrial partners to evaluate and validate technologies prior to making major capital investments.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Radiation Belt Remediation: A Complex Engineered System (RBR-ACES) (Institutional Computing Report)

We have performed the simulation campaigns in support of LDRD-DR project Radiation Belt Remediation: A Complex Engineered System (RBR-ACES). This project involves modeling wave generation and wave propagation in plasma environment and studying the effect of waves on the distribution of high energy electrons with the focus on electrons appeared after a high-altitude nuclear explosion (HANE). One of the major goal of this research is strong validation of the numerical models with laboratory experiments and space-based experiments and observations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Abstract for CRADA between NETL and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) (AGMT-1113)

The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and EPRI (Participant) will collaborate in the investigation of flashovers in electric power distribution maintenance operations. Live line and barehand maintenance techniques are used on overhead transmission lines around the world. While flashovers during this type of work are rare, several unexplained flashovers have occurred in North America. In each case, available evidence suggests these occurred at steady state (60 Hz) system voltage and at voltage stress levels well below that which is known to cause flashover. Understanding the cause of these flashovers is essential so they can be avoided in the future and enhance line worker safety. Some utilities are considering adding sheds to their live line tools (e.g. hot sticks) as a possible mitigation measure. The effect of adding sheds to the hot sticks was modelled and published by Chalmers University. A strong case can be made for sheds if the model can be validated through laboratory testing. This research is envisioned to be a multiple-year project. The work proposed under this agreement represents the initial research steps which will involve reproducing, verifying, and extending the modeling research previously published by Chalmers University.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Enabling Predictive Scale-Bridging Simulations through Active Learning (Institutional Computing Annual Report (Project w21_alscalebridging)) [Slides]

The goal of this project was to develop, demonstrate, and provide a new capability to achieve greater physical fidelity in large-scale simulations, rather than the usual brute-force increases in the number of mesh elements or particles. Transport in nanoporous media, critical to hydrocarbon extraction from tight shale formations, is affected by molecular-level interactions. Several coarse-scale Lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) parameters cannot be directly computed, so instead we calibrate them to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, by building emulators that mimic MD and LBM behavior and then training an upscaler. The resulting machine learning (ML)-based scale-bridging framework is up to 7 orders of magnitude faster than direct MD.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗