North-south component of interplanetary magnetic field - Explorer 33 and 35 data
Theta /north-south/ component in spherical polar coordinates of interplanetary magnetic field from Explorer 33 and 35 measurements
Colburn, D. S.↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Data exploration”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Data Farming and the Exploration of Inter-Agency, Inter-Disciplinary, and International "What If?" Questions
Data farming uses simulation modeling, high performance computing, and analysis to examine questions of interest with large possibility spaces.This methodology allows for the examination of whole landscapes of potential outcomes and provides the capability of executing enough experiments so that outlets might be captured and examined for insights. This capability may be quite informative when used to examine the plethora of "What if?" questions that result when examining potential scenarios that our forces may face in the uncertain world of the future. Many of theses scenarios most certainly will be challenging and solutions may depend on interagency and international collaboration as well as the need for inter-disciplinary scientific inquiry preceding these events. In this paper, we describe data farming and illustrate it in the context of application to questions inherent to military decision-making as we consider alternate future scenarios.
Anderson, Steve↗
An evaluation of the suitability of ERTS data for the purposes of petroleum exploration
The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 data give exploration geologists a new perspective for looking at the earth. The data are excellent for interpreting regional lithologic and structural relationships and quickly directing attention to areas of greatest exploration interest. Information derived from ERTS data useful for petroleum exploration include: linear features, general lithologic distribution, identification of various anomalous features, some details of structures controlling hydrocarbon accumulation, overall structural relationships, and the regional context of the exploration province. Many anomalies (particularly geomorphic anomalies) correlate with known features of petroleum exploration interest. Linears interpreted from the imagery that were checked in the field correlate with fractures. Bands 5 and 7 and color composite imagery acquired during the periods of maximum and minimum vegetation vigor are best for geologic interpretation. Preliminary analysis indicates that use of ERTS imagery can substantially reduce the cost of petroleum exploration in relatively unexplored areas.
Collins, R. J.↗
Discriminating Type 1a and 1b PSCs in Satellite Data
We explore the use of satellite observations in discriminating types of PSCs and their ramifications. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), which form in the winter polar vortex, have been identified as effecting ozone loss. One major result from the recent SOLVE mission is in-situ evidence of the existence of very large particles that contain nitric acid. These particles are consistent with Type la PSCs. The significance of this finding is that these large particles will have appreciable sedimentation velocities, taking nitric acid out of the stratospheric regions, causing denitrification. Since nitric acid typically mitigates ozone loss, denitrification leads to increased ozone loss. Type lb PSCs are smaller and do not sediment to any appreciable degree. Satellite measurements are made continuously throughout the winter, and offer more global coverage than in situ measurements. Thus, it would very useful to be able to discriminate PSC types from satellite measurements. Our long-term goals are to better understand the formation mechanisms and effects of PSCs. Discriminating PSC type using satellite data will give us a very important tool in this effort. A multi-wavelength analysis of POAM aerosol extinction during SOLVE has revealed differences in the radiative characteristics of PSC events. We explore the use of POAM observations to discriminate between Type la and lb Pscs. A trajectory model is used to simulate PSC la and lb particles. Calculated radiative properties act as a guide for discriminating the satellite occultation measurements. Aircraft based PSC observations are-used as confirmation of these observations.
Strawa, Anthony W.↗
Journey to Time-Variable Moment Tensors through Inversion of Acoustic and Seismoacoustic Data
We explore the capability of acoustic and seismoacoustic datasets to directly resolve a complex, time-variable source consisting of a buried mechanism, represented as a moment tensor, and a spall mechanism, represented as a vertical force at the surface. Traditionally, each component of a resolved moment tensor assumes one underlying source time function, which likely fails to capture the full evolution of a dynamic source, such as an explosion followed by slip on near-source joints or development of spallation. Specifically, we expand previous work to resolve a time-variable moment tensor using single-modality and joint-modality inversion frameworks through analysis of infrasound and seismoacoustic data recorded as part of the Source Physics Experiment Phase II: Dry Alluvium Geology (DAG). We investigate the impact of including signals from seismic-to-air coupling that are local to each infrasound sensor in comparison to mainly atmosphere-propagating acoustic signals, which occur from coupling of the wavefield from the subsurface to the atmosphere directly above the source. Additionally, we assess the ability of our inversion algorithm to fit observed infrasound data using a variety of time-variable source mechanisms. First, we consider the buried moment tensor source alone, which assumes that the determined Green’s functions incorporate effects from spallation or that the impact from spallation is minimal. Second, we examine the estimated buried moment tensor and vertical surface spallation as terms that must both be resolved in the inversion. Third, we assess the ability for an estimated vertical surface spallation source to fit the acoustic data on its own. Finally, we compare results from the joint inversion of both seismic geophone and infrasound acoustic data for the buried-only source compared to buried and spallation sources. Our results are a preliminary investigation into the applications of the inversion technique to recorded datasets and show the technique has limited capabilities using acoustic data alone. Instead, this method shows promise for seismic and seismoacoustic datasets to resolve the time-variable mechanisms of a buried source.
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
Confronting grand unification with lepton flavour violation, dark matter and LHC data
We explore possible signatures for charged lepton flavour violation (LFV), sparticle discovery at the LHC and dark matter (DM) searches in grand unified theories (GUTs) based on SU(5), flipped SU(5) (FSU(5)) and SU(4) c ×SU(2) L ×SU(2) R (4-2-2). We assume that soft supersymmetry-breaking terms preserve the group symmetry at some high input scale, and focus on the non-universal effects on different matter representations generated by gauge interactions at lower scales, as well as the charged LFV induced in Type-1 see-saw models of neutrino masses. We identify the different mechanisms that control the relic DM density in the various GUT models, and contrast their LFV and LHC signatures. The SU(5) and 4-2-2 models offer good detection prospects both at the LHC and in LFV searches, though with different LSP compositions, and the SU(5) and FSU(5) models offer LFV within the current reach. The 4-2-2 model allows chargino and gluino coannihilations with neutralinos, and the former offer good detection prospects for both the LHC and LFV, while gluino coannihilations lead to lower LFV rates. Our results indicate that LFV is a powerful tool that complements LHC and DM searches, providing significant insights into the sparticle spectra and neutrino mass parameters in different models.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Early results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
Data obtained with the FIR Absolute Spectrophotometer, Differential Microwave Radiometers, and Diffuse IR Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the COBE satellite since its launch in November 1989 are briefly characterized. The COBE spacecraft and its 900-km 99-deg orbit are described; the scientific goals and capabilities of the instruments are reviewed; and sample DIRBE data are presented in a map and graph. Upper limits on the Comptonization parameter (y less than 0.001) and the chemical potential (mu less than 0.01 at the 3sigma level) are determined, and the spectrum of the dipole anisotropy is shown to be that of a Doppler-shifted blackbody. The DIRBE 100-micron sky brightness values at the ecliptic poles are found to be significantly lower than those measured by IRAS.
Mather, J. C.↗
Evaluation of LANDSAT-D Thematic Mapper performance as applied to hydrocarbon exploration
Work with digital data of Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and California demonstrate that the increased spectral refinement and spatial resolution of TM over MSS data greatly increase the value of the data to petroleum exploration in roles ranging from logistic planning to direct detection of phenomena related to microseepage of hydrocarbons. The value of the spatial content versus the spectral content of the data increases as soil and vegetation cover increase. The structural detail visible in the imagery can contribute to exploration at the prospect level. Examination of the variance/covariance matrix suggests that a combination of bands 1, 4, and 5 displays the most information for most areas.
Dykstra, J. D.↗
CIF Report - Information Fusion and Data Analytics for Human Lunar Exploration
This project leverages the Concept Exploration Laboratory (CEL) to collect, warehouse, and augment data relevant to human lunar exploration as a platform for NA (S&MA) to develop operational data integration techniques. The project capitalizes on 16+ years of CEL experience applied to NASA, DoD, the City of Houston, the State of Texas, and private industry. The integrated data will be utilized in the two scenarios described in a definition of concept for development of a full scale data analysis suite and storage solution, useful to all JSC organizations engaged in real time operations and safety tasks, and may be useful as pathfinders for the Digital Transformation Program.
information fusion↗
Scientific Analysis and Display of Planetary Data With McIdas-Explorer
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
PDS Planetary Data System radiometry radar imaging↗
Iron abundance in the moon from magnetometer measurements
Apollo 12 and 15 lunar surface magnetometer data with simultaneous lunar orbiting Explorer 35 data are used to plot hysteresis curves for the whole moon. From these curves a whole-moon permeability mu = 1.029 + 0.024 or - 0.019 is calculated. This result implies that the moon is not composed entirely of paramagnetic material, but that ferromagnetic material such as free iron exists in sufficient amounts to dominate the bulk lunar susceptibility. From the magnetic data the ferromagnetic free iron abundance is calculated. Then for assumed compositional models of the moon the additional paramagnetic iron is determined, yielding total lunar iron content. The calculated abundances are as follows: ferromagnetic free iron = 5 + or - 4 wt. percent, and total iron in the moon = 9 + or - 4 wt. percent.
Parkin, C. W.↗
Iron abundance in the moon from magnetometer measurements
Apollo 12 and 15 lunar surface magnetometer data with simultaneous lunar orbiting Explorer 35 data are used to plot hysteresis curves for the whole moon. From these curves a whole-moon permeability of 1.029 (+0.024 or -0.019) is calculated. This result implies that the moon is not composed entirely of paramagnetic material, but that ferromagnetic material such as free iron exists in sufficient amounts to dominate the bulk lunar susceptibility. From the magnetic data the ferromagnetic free iron abundance is calculated. Then for assumed compositional models of the moon the additional paramagnetic iron is determined, yielding total lunar iron content. The calculated abundances are as follows: ferromagnetic free iron, 5 plus or minus 4 wt %; total iron in the moon, 9 plus or minus 4 wt %.
Parkin, C. W.↗
Solar cycle effects upon the relationship of Ne and Te in the F-region
Data from the Atmospheric Explorer-C recorded during the rise in solar activity from 1975 to 1978, and Dynamic Explorer-2 data recorded at solar maximum are used to examine how the relation between electron temperature and density in the F-region of the ionosphere is altered by solar activity. It is found that the solar maximum temperature Te is a factor of two larger than the solar minimum Te for the same values of electron density. Temperature does not necessarily increase in response to solar activity because electron density increases enough to approximately cancel the effect of higher solar extreme ultraviolet heating. The effect of solar activity is accounted for by a simple function of the F (10.7 cm) index which multiplies the solar minimum equation from a previous study (Brace and Theis, 1978).
Brace, L. H.↗
Exploring the use of CERES data for providing observational constraints on Arctic Warming
This presentation explores the use of satellite data to constrain Arctic climate projections.
Patrick C. Taylor↗
The LDEF interplanetary dust experiment
Explorer 46 data and the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) interplanetary dust experiment are examined. Analysis of the Explorer 46 data reveals the existence of particles of 0.1 micron and a mass of 1 x 10 to the -16th gm, the injection of the submicron particles directly by a comet (injection mass of about 5000 tons), and a submicron particle lifetime of about three years. The applications of LDEF data to particles in hyperbolic orbits, particle swarms, morning-to-evening asymmetry, the effects of the earth's orbit eccentricity, and the presence of interstellar dust are discussed. The effects of space debris on data collection are considered.
Singer, S. F.↗
PCM telemetry data compression study, phase 1 Final report, 15 Sep. 1964 - 15 Aug. 1965
Pulse Code Modulation /PCM/ telemetry data compression study using S-6 Explorer XVII DATA
DATA COMPRESSOR↗
NASA GIBS and Worldview: Visualizing NASA's Earth Science Data for All to Explore
For more than 20 years, the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) has operated dozens of remote sensing satellites collecting nearly 15 Petabytes of data that span thousands of science parameters. Within these observations are keys the Earth Scientists have used to unlock many discoveries that we now understand about our planet. Also contained within these observations are a myriad of opportunities for learning and education. The challenge is making them accessible to educators and students in intuitive and simple ways so that effort can be spent on lesson enrichment and not overcoming technical hurdles. The NASA Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS) system and NASA Worldview website provide a unique view into EOS data through daily full resolution visualizations of hundreds of earth science parameters. For many of these parameters, visualizations are available within hours of acquisition from the satellite. For others, visualizations are available for the entire mission of the satellite. Accompanying the visualizations are visual aids such as color legends, place names, and orbit tracks. By using these visualizations, educators and students can observe natural phenomena that enrich a scientific education.
Cechini, Matthew↗