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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 361 records · Page 20
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

The Penn State ORSER system for processing and analyzing ERTS and other MSS data

The author has identified the following significant results. The office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) of the Space Science and Engineering Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University has developed an extensive operational system for processing and analyzing ERTS-1 and similar multispectral data. The ORSER system was developed for use by a wide variety of researchers working in remote sensing. Both photointerpretive techniques and automatic computer processing methods have been developed and used, separately and in a combined approach. A remote Job Entry system permits use of an IBM 370/168 computer from any compatible remote terminal, including equipment tied in by long distance telephone connections. An elementary cost analysis has been prepared for the processing of ERTS data.

Mcmurtry, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Managing computer-controlled operations

A detailed discussion of Launch Processing System Ground Software Production is presented to establish the interrelationships of firing room resource utilization, configuration control, system build operations, and Shuttle data bank management. The production of a test configuration identifier is traced from requirement generation to program development. The challenge of the operational era is to implement fully automated utilities to interface with a resident system build requirements document to eliminate all manual intervention in the system build operations. Automatic update/processing of Shuttle data tapes will enhance operations during multi-flow processing.

Plowden, J. B.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Automatic optical detection and classification of marine animals around MHK converters using machine vision

Optical systems provide valuable information for evaluating interactions and associations between organisms and MHK energy converters and for capturing potentially rare encounters between marine organisms and MHK device. The deluge of optical data from cabled monitoring packages makes expert review time-consuming and expensive. We propose algorithms and a processing framework to automatically extract events of interest from underwater video. The open-source software framework consists of background subtraction, filtering, feature extraction and hierarchical classification algorithms. This principle classification pipeline was validated on real-world data collected with an experimental underwater monitoring package. An event detection rate of 100% was achieved using robust principal components analysis (RPCA), Fourier feature extraction and a support vector machine (SVM) binary classifier. The detected events were then further classified into more complex classes – algae | invertebrate | vertebrate, one species | multiple species of fish, and interest rank. Greater than 80% accuracy was achieved using a combination of machine learning techniques.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
NASA NTRS1974

The Penn State ORSER system for processing and analyzing ERTS and other MSS data

The Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (ORSER) of the Space Science and Engineering Laboratory (SSEL) at the Pennsylvania State University has developed an extensive operational system for processing and analyzing ERTS-1 and similar multispectral data. The ORSER system was developed for use by a wide variety of researchers working in remote sensing. Both photointerpretive techniques and automatic computer processing methods have been developed and used, separately and in a combined approach. A Remote Job Entry (RJE) system permits use of an IBM 370/168 computer from any compatible remote terminal, including equipment tied in by long-distance telephone connections. An elementary cost analysis has been prepared for the processing of ERTS data.

Mcmurtry, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS2022

VESIcal: An Open-source Thermodynamic Model Engine for Mixed Volatile (H2O-CO2) Solubility in Silicate Melts

Modeling the solubility of volatiles in silicate melts is fundamental to the interpretation of volcanic systems and has implications for magma dynamics, eruption style, and material transport between the mantle, crust, and atmosphere. Recent advancements in computational capabilities and access to computing tools has outpaced the functionality and extensibility of previously available modeling platforms. Here we present VESIcal (Volatile Equilibria and Saturation Index calculator), the first comprehensive modeling tool for H2O, CO2, and mixed (H2O-CO2) solubility in silicate melts that: a) allows users access to seven popular models, with easy inter-comparison between models; b) provides universal functionality for all models (e.g., functions for calculating saturation pressures, degassing paths, etc.); c) can process large datasets (1,000’s of samples) automatically; d) can output computed data into an Excel spreadsheet or CSV file for post-modeling analysis; e) integrates plotting capabilities directly within the tool; and f) provides all of this within the framework of a python library, making the tool extensible by the user and allowing any of the model functions to be incorporated into any other code capable of calling python.Here we will provide a demonstration of VESIcal and its capabilities with applications to various volcanic processes affected by volatiles. VESIcal represents the first tool capable of directly comparing multiple solubility models and equations of state. We find that commonly used models predict surprisingly different volatile solubilities, particularly for pure CO2 or mixed CO2-H2O fluids. Even for melt compositions that are well represented in the calibration datasets of multiple models (e.g., MORBs), calculated solubilities for pure CO2 and pure H2O can deviate from one another by factors of >2 leading to 2x deviations in calculated saturation pressures (e.g., 5 to 10 kbar). The solubility of CO2 predicted by different rhyolitic models also differs substantially, overwhelming other sources of uncertainty such as analytical errors on measurements of volatile contents or uncertainties in crustal density profiles. This highlights the importance of model choice when drawing geological conclusions based on volatiles in magmas.

Kayla Iacovino↗
DOE OSTI2016

Real-time data-intensive computing

Today users visit synchrotrons as sources of understanding and discovery—not as sources of just light, and not as sources of data. To achieve this, the synchrotron facilities frequently provide not just light but often the entire end station and increasingly, advanced computational facilities that can reduce terabytes of data into a form that can reveal a new key insight. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) has partnered with high performance computing, fast networking, and applied mathematics groups to create a “super-facility”, giving users simultaneous access to the experimental, computational, and algorithmic resources to make this possible. This combination forms an efficient closed loop, where data—despite its high rate and volume—is transferred and processed immediately and automatically on appropriate computing resources, and results are extracted, visualized, and presented to users or to the experimental control system, both to provide immediate insight and to guide decisions about subsequent experiments during beamtime. We will describe our work at the ALS ptychography, scattering, micro-diffraction, and micro-tomography beamlines.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Feature-Based Analysis of Plasma-Based Particle Acceleration Data

Plasma-based particle accelerators can produce and sustain thousands of times stronger acceleration fields than conventional particle accelerators, providing a potential solution to the problem of the growing size and cost of conventional particle accelerators. To facilitate scientific knowledge discovery from the ever growing collections of accelerator simulation data generated by accelerator physicists to investigate next-generation plasma-based particle accelerator designs, we describe a novel approach for automatic detection and classification of particle beams and beam substructures due to temporal differences in the acceleration process, here called acceleration features. The automatic feature detection in combination with a novel visualization tool for fast, intuitive, query-based exploration of acceleration features enables an effective top-down data exploration process, starting from a high-level, feature-based view down to the level of individual particles. We describe the application of our analysis in practice to analyze simulations of single pulse and dual and triple colliding pulse accelerator designs, and to study the formation and evolution of particle beams, to compare substructures of a beam and to investigate transverse particle loss.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS2004

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering for Flight Research Projects Using a Workgroup Database

An online systems engineering tool for flight research projects has been developed through the use of a workgroup database. Capabilities are implemented for typical flight research systems engineering needs in document library, configuration control, hazard analysis, hardware database, requirements management, action item tracking, project team information, and technical performance metrics. Repetitive tasks are automated to reduce workload and errors. Current data and documents are instantly available online and can be worked on collaboratively. Existing forms and conventional processes are used, rather than inventing or changing processes to fit the tool. An integrated tool set offers advantages by automatically cross-referencing data, minimizing redundant data entry, and reducing the number of programs that must be learned. With a simplified approach, significant improvements are attained over existing capabilities for minimal cost. By using a workgroup-level database platform, personnel most directly involved in the project can develop, modify, and maintain the system, thereby saving time and money. As a pilot project, the system has been used to support an in-house flight experiment. Options are proposed for developing and deploying this type of tool on a more extensive basis.

Mizukami, Masahi↗
NASA NTRS1980

Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing to Astronomy, Pasadena, Calif., August 20-22, 1980, Proceedings

The astronomic applications of non-military digital image processing are covered in this conference volume. Systems like CCD's, interactive data analysis facilities, stellar speckle interferometry, sky flux subsystems, guide star systems and various image processing systems are described. Techniques in photometry including filtering, automatic photometry, and image restoration are examined. Digital spectral analyses of galaxies, supernova remnants, stars and other celestial bodies are discussed together with algorithms developed to calibrate, clean up, enhance, and quantitatively analyze data. The techniques of image processing permit astronomers to make much more efficient use of their data for both subjective and quantitative analyses. Future missions, such as the Space Telescope, representing a vast data base are briefly covered.

Elliott, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Digital data acquisition and processing from a remote magnetic observatory.

The instrumentation selected for the observatory consists of a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer system with an automatic offset system and two axes of induction coil equipment. The recording equipment used is considered together with the timing equipment, operational problem areas, data reduction problem areas, and aspects of spacecraft data transmission. Advantages of a network of magnetic observatories are discussed. However, there are also a number of problems associated with the operation of a remote observatory.

Snare, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS2021

VESIcal Part I: An open-source thermodynamic model engine for mixed volatile (H2O-CO2) solubility in silicate melts

Thermodynamics has been fundamental to the interpretation of geologic data and modeling of geologic systems for decades. However, more recent advancements in computational capabilities and a marked increase in researchers’ accessibility to computing tools has outpaced the functionality and extensibility of currently available modeling tools. Here we present VESIcal (Volatile Equilibria and Saturation Identification calculator): the first comprehensive modeling tool for H 2 O, CO 2 , and mixed (H 2 O-CO 2 ) solubility in silicate melts that: a) allows users access to seven commonly used models, plus easy inter-comparison between models; b) provides universal functionality for all models (e.g., functions for calculating saturation pressures, degassing paths, etc.); c) can process large datasets (1,000’s of samples) automatically; d) can output computed data into an excel spreadsheet for simple post-modeling analysis; e) integrates advanced plotting capabilities directly within the tool; and f) provides all of these within the framework of a python library, making the tool extensible by the user and allowing any of the model functions to be incorporated into any other code capable of calling python. The tool is presented within this manuscript, which is a Jupyter notebook containing worked examples accessible to python users with a range of skill levels. The basic functions of VESIcal can also be access via a web app (https://vesical.anvil.app). The VESIcal python library is open-source and available for download at https://github.com/kaylai/VESIcal.

K. Iacovino↗
DOE OSTI2018

Mapping Benthic Habitat Conditions and Seafloor Deposits using Sediment Profile Imaging and a Semiautomated Image Processing System

Objectives/Scope: Sediment profile imaging (SPI) technology characterizes in situ physical, geochemical, and biological seafloor features. SPI was required by Mexico’s Agency for Safety, Energy, and Environment in 2017 for environmental baseline surveys (EBS) of oil lease blocks in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Because of its ability to provide information on benthic community health and the distribution of very thin (down to the centimeter scale) layers of deposited materials, SPI technology is highly effective for mapping drill cuttings or drilling muds released around wellheads during exploration or production and documenting their ecological impacts. SPI technology has not been widely used in the oil and gas industry for EBS or other monitoring activities. A primary objective of this work is to improve the transparency and consistency of the SPI data generation and data management process. Methods, Procedures, Process: The SPI camera works like an inverted periscope and obtains an undisturbed 21x15-cm cross-sectional image of the upper sediment column. The camera is internally powered and can be deployed rapidly from a standard winch in depths to 4,000 m. Many stations can be sampled in a single day by “pogo-sticking” across a survey area. Sediment grain size, penetration depth, surface boundary roughness, natural and anthropogenic depositional layers, depth of the oxidized surface sediment layer, maximum biogenic mixing depth, and infaunal successional stage can be directly measured at sea or immediately following the cruise. Final SPI data sets can be provided within a few weeks of the survey. Results, Observations, Conclusions: Details on the features measured in SPI images and the underlying interpretive paradigms are presented. To standardize the SPI data generation process, Integral Consulting Inc. has developed 1) a semiautomated image analysis platform, and 2) a SPI data-specific database architecture that allows both numerical and non-numerical metrics to be incorporated into a standard database structure. An integrated, software-based SPI analysis platform has been developed that imports image files and metadata and provides a graphical user interface. The software automatically stores the data, which can then be reviewed for quality assurance, plotted, statistically analyzed, and mapped or exported to other platforms (e.g., Esri ArcGIS©) for further evaluation. Image processing algorithms have been developed using a combination of open-source and commercially available software packages (e.g., MATLAB® and OpenCV) to automatically quantify key parameters. Novel/Additive Information: SPI technology’s underutilization in the oil and gas industry may be in part due to a lack of standardization in the measurement of basic features in SPI images. A primary objective of this work is to develop a streamlined, standardized, and transparent process for generating and managing SPI data.

02 PETROLEUM↗
NASA NTRS1994

Stroop-Like Effects for Monkeys and Humans: Processing Speed or Strength of Association?

Stroop-like effects have been found using a variety of paradigms and subject groups. In the present investigation, 6 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and 28 humans exhibited Stroop-like interference and facilitation in a relative-numerousness task. Monkeys, like humans, processed the meanings of the numerical symbols automatically, despite the fact that these meanings were irrelevant to task performance. These data also afforded direct comparison of interpretations of the Stroop effect in terms of processing speed versus association strength. These findings were consistent with parallel-processing models of Stroop-like interference proposed elsewhere, but not with processing-speed accounts posited frequently to explain the effect.

Washburn, David A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Improved Spectrometer for Field Use

Proposed portable spectrometer for analyzing minerals in field generates spectral images like camera and process spectral data for real-time identification of materials. To identify unknown mineral, user locates significant peaks in displayed spectrum and matches them to spectrum in portfolio of reference spectra. Alternatively, user calls up display of prerecorded spectra in same wavelength region for comparison or allows spectrometer to determine best match automatically. New instrument makes it unnecessary to return data to laboratory or equipment trailer for processing.

Goetz, A. F. H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Model America - Arizona extract from ORNL's AutoBEM v1.1

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed the Automatic Building Energy Modeling (AutoBEM) software suite to process multiple types of data, extract building-specific descriptors, generate building energy models, and simulate them on High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. For more information, see AutoBEM-related publications (bit.ly/AutoBEM).Two sets of sample data are provided for 2,555,152 buildings located within the boundary of Arizona in the United States:Data (846.3MB *.csv) - minimalist list of each building (rows) for the following fields (columns) • ID - unique building ID • Centroid - building center location in latitude/longitude (from Footprint2D) • Footprint2D - building polygon of 2D footprint (lat1/lon1_lat2/lon2_...) • State_abbr - state name • Area - estimate of total conditioned floor area (ft2) • Area2D - footprint area (ft2) • Height - building height (ft) • NumFloors - number of floors (above-grade) • WWR_surfaces - percent of each facade (pair of points from Footprint2D) covered by fenestration/windows (average 14.5% for residential, 40% for commercial buildings) • CZ - ASHRAE Climate Zone designation • BuildingType - DOE prototype building designation (IECC=residential) as implemented by OpenStudio-standards • Standard - building vintage • Sample Models (114GB*.zip by county) - OpenStudio and EnergyPlus building energy models named according to IDThis data is made free and openly available in hopes of stimulating any simulation-informed use case. Data is provided as-is with no warranties, express or implied, regarding fitness for a particular purpose. We wish to thank our sponsors which include Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), U.S. Dept. of Energy’s (DOE) Building Technologies Office (BTO), Office of Electricity (OE), and Biological and Environmental Research (BER).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Physics-Guided Machine Learning (PGML) for Improved Aerostructure Manufacturing

The Physics-Guided Machine Learning (PGML) for Improved Aerostructure Manufacturing project objective is to automatically tune machining parameter predictions from physics-based models using process data and Bayesian machine learning. The intent is to enable a step change in aerospace manufacturing by combining machine learning, physics-based process models, and sensors/data in a comprehensive digital environment that simultaneously considers the computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining center capabilities, the workpiece material and geometry, and the workpiece support (fixturing). The project hypothesis is that this combination will enable improved performance in machining operations.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1979

The structure and microphysical properties of the clouds of Venus

Results are presented from the processing and interpretation of measurement data in the descent capsules of the automatic stations Venera-9 and Venera-10 for the characteristics of light scattering in the atmosphere of Venus by means of onboard nephelometers. A model for the aerosol component in the planet's atmosphere in the altitude range 62-14 km is proposed.

Marov, M. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Forest fire advanced system technology (FFAST) conceptual design study

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service completed a conceptual design study that defined an integrated forest fire detection and mapping system that will be based upon technology available in the 1990s. Potential system configuration options in emerging and advanced technologies related to the conceptual design were identified and recommended for inclusion as preferred system components. System component technologies identified for an end-to-end system include airborne mounted, thermal infrared (IR) linear array detectors, automatic onboard georeferencing and signal processing, geosynchronous satellite communications links, and advanced data integration and display. Potential system configuration options were developed and examined for possible inclusion in the preferred system configuration. The preferred system configuration will provide increased performance and be cost effective over the system currently in use. Forest fire management user requirements and the system component emerging technologies were the basis for the system configuration design. The conceptual design study defined the preferred system configuration that warrants continued refinement and development, examined economic aspects of the current and preferred system, and provided preliminary cost estimates for follow-on system prototype development.

Nichols, J. David↗