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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Prospect Analysis and Hydrocarbon Reservoir Volume Estimation in an Exploration Field, Shallow Offshore Depobelt, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria

The daunting challenge in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the face of continual rise in the world’s energy consumption has long been how to economically recover bypassed reserves within existing assets. This research is focused on the analysis of prospects and volumetric estimation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs delineated within an exploratory field using 3D seismic data and suites of wireline logs. The prospectivity of the delineated reservoir was carried out using seismo-structural interpretation and formation evaluation towards the assessment of the prolific hydrocarbon occurrence within the field. The reservoirs have porosity (0.29–0.32) for H1, (0.20–0.31) for H2 and (0.30–0.40) for H3 and the average computed hydrocarbon saturation of (0.31–0.62) for H1, (0.16–0.52) for H2 and (0.64–0.73) for H3, hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV) of 28,706.95, 33,081.2 and 45,731.49 barrels for H1, H2 and H3, respectively, while the estimated stock tank oil initially-in-place (STOIIP) range (136.8–140.73) MMSTB for H1, (36.77–489.64) MMSTB for H2 and (166.62–308.14) MMSTB for H3. The observed porosity and hydrocarbon saturation for the delineated reservoirs as well as the estimated hydrocarbon pore volume and storage total oil in place indicate that the reservoirs are highly prolific. The study has therefore contributed to the understanding of hydrocarbon resource potential within the study area.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2009

Estimating Volume, Biomass, and Carbon in Hedmark County, Norway Using a Profiling LiDAR

A profiling airborne LiDAR is used to estimate the forest resources of Hedmark County, Norway, a 27390 square kilometer area in southeastern Norway on the Swedish border. One hundred five profiling flight lines totaling 9166 km were flown over the entire county; east-west. The lines, spaced 3 km apart north-south, duplicate the systematic pattern of the Norwegian Forest Inventory (NFI) ground plot arrangement, enabling the profiler to transit 1290 circular, 250 square meter fixed-area NFI ground plots while collecting the systematic LiDAR sample. Seven hundred sixty-three plots of the 1290 plots were overflown within 17.8 m of plot center. Laser measurements of canopy height and crown density are extracted along fixed-length, 17.8 m segments closest to the center of the ground plot and related to basal area, timber volume and above- and belowground dry biomass. Linear, nonstratified equations that estimate ground-measured total aboveground dry biomass report an R(sup 2) = 0.63, with an regression RMSE = 35.2 t/ha. Nonstratified model results for the other biomass components, volume, and basal area are similar, with R(sup 2) values for all models ranging from 0.58 (belowground biomass, RMSE = 8.6 t/ha) to 0.63. Consistently, the most useful single profiling LiDAR variable is quadratic mean canopy height, h (sup bar)(sub qa). Two-variable models typically include h (sup bar)(sub qa) or mean canopy height, h(sup bar)(sub a), with a canopy density or a canopy height standard deviation measure. Stratification by productivity class did not improve the nonstratified models, nor did stratification by pine/spruce/hardwood. County-wide profiling LiDAR estimates are reported, by land cover type, and compared to NFI estimates.

Nelson, Ross↗
NASA NTRS1995

Advanced transportation system studies technical area 2 (TA-2): Heavy lift launch vehicle development: Program Cost estimates - volume 3

The purpose of the TA-2 contract was to provide advanced launch vehicle concept definition and analysis to assist NASA in the identification of future launch vehicle requirements. Contracted analysis activities included vehicle sizing and performance analysis, subsystem concept definition, propulsion subsystem definition (foreign and domestic), ground operations and facilities analysis, and life cycle cost estimation. The basic period of performance of the TA-2 contract was from May 1992 through May 1993. No-cost extensions were exercised on the contract from June 1993 through July 1995. This document is part of the final report for the TA-2 contract. The final report consists of three volumes: Volume 1 is the Executive Summary, Volume 2 is Technical Results, and Volume 3 is Program Cost Estimates. The document-at-hand, Volume 3, provides a work breakdown structure dictionary, user's guide for the parametric life cycle cost estimation tool, and final report developed by ECON, Inc., under subcontract to Lockheed Martin on TA-2 for the analysis of heavy lift launch vehicle concepts.

McCurry, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Magma generation on Mars: Estimated volumes through time

Images of volcanoes and lava flows, chemical analysis by the Viking landers, and studies of meteorites show that volcanism has played an important role in the evolution of Mars. Photogeologic mapping suggests that half of Mars' surface is covered with volcanic materials. Here, researchers present results from new mappings, including estimates of volcanic deposit thicknesses based on partly buried and buried impact craters using the technique of DeHon. The researchers infer the volumes of possible associated plutonic rocks and derive the volumes of magmas on Mars generated in its post-crustal formation history. Also considered is the amount of juvenile water that might have exsolved from the magma through time.

Greeley, Ronald↗
NASA NTRS1979

A method to estimate critical volumes

Methods for estimating the volume of the critical temperature used for the estimation of thermodynamic properties of substances are described. The possibility to estimate the critical temperature by using a combination of only eighteen atomic and structural contributions is shown. These contributions are listed and the critical temperature is given by a linear expression. By comparing the Vetere (1976) and Lydersen (1955) methods with the method discussed it is noted that while all three methods yield about the same average error (about 3%), the new method is superior in that it requires a smaller number of increments to fit data points.

Fedors, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Release of magmatic water on Mars: Estimated timing and volumes

By estimating the total amount of water released by volcanic processes on Mars, the abundance of H2O at 10 m was estimated. This value was based on mapping volcanic units, estimating thicknesses and volumes, and using a 10 wt. percent value H2O from terrestrial analogs. By combining such estimates with crater count ages, it is also possible to estimate the timing of water release through Martian history.

Greeley, R.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Estimating forest biomass and volume using airborne laser data

An airborne pulsed laser system was used to obtain canopy height data over a southern pine forest in Georgia in order to predict ground-measured forest biomass and timber volume. Although biomass and volume estimates obtained from the laser data were variable when compared with the corresponding ground measurements site by site, the present models are found to predict mean total tree volume within 2.6 percent of the ground value, and mean biomass within 2.0 percent. The results indicate that species stratification did not consistently improve regression relationships for four southern pine species.

Nelson, Ross↗
DOE OSTI2018

Using multiple x-ray emission images of inertially confined implosions to identify spatial variations and estimate confinement volumes (invited)

We describe two methods to analyze multiple x-ray images of a small, self-emitting object, and we apply these methods to the stagnating hotspots in inertial confinement fusion experiments. The first method, the common integrated profile, can be employed to assess and quantify spatial variations in opacity. It is both a simple assessment of consistency and a sophisticated measurement of variations in a region that is otherwise difficult to observe. Second, we present a method to estimate volumes of highly asymmetric objects using multiple images of x-ray emission. The method is based on image intensities and does not require any explicit assumption of symmetry

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS2012

Automated and Manual Rocket Crater Measurement Software

An update has been performed to software designed to do very rapid automated measurements of craters created in sandy substrates by rocket exhaust on liftoff. The previous software was optimized for pristine lab geometry and lighting conditions. This software has been enhanced to include a section for manual measurements of crater parameters; namely, crater depth, crater full width at half max, and estimated crater volume. The tools provide a very rapid method to measure these manual parameters to ease the burden of analyzing large data sets. This software allows for rapid quantization of the rocket crater parameters where automated methods may not work. The progress of spreadsheet data is continuously saved so that data is never lost, and data can be copied to clipboards and pasted to other software for analysis. The volume estimation of a crater is based on the central max depth axis line, and the polygonal shape of the crater is integrated around that axis.

Metzger, Philip↗
DOE OSTI2018

Evaluation of the Waste Streams from Management of Reprocessing Off-Gas Streams - 18483

Nuclear fuel reprocessing is being considered in the United States as part of an effort to help meet US energy needs and as a means to improve waste management. During the chemical processing of UNF to recover the valuable components for reuse, a number of volatile radionuclides will be released into the off-gas streams of the reprocessing plant. These volatile radionuclides include H-3, C-14, Kr-85, and I-129. Off-gas abatement systems for the volatile radionuclides will be required to ensure that air emissions from a UNF reprocessing facility can meet or exceed emission requirements set forth by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. An initial engineering evaluation of offgas abatement systems was completed recently. The evaluation addressed the designs of the head-end offgas treatment system, which typically includes both the shear off-gas and the dissolver off-gas and vessel off-gas treatment system. Based on this study, the waste volumes for each of the four primary volatile radionuclides (H-3, C-14, Kr-85, and I-129) were estimated. Included in these estimates were the nonradioactive isotopes and the 'tramp' elements found in air (e.g., Kr and C-12 as CO{sub 2}) and process chemicals (e.g., I and Cl). Because the final waste form for these radionuclides has not been selected, estimated volumes were calculated for various alternative waste forms as appropriate. The resulting waste volume for I was found to be highly dependent on the final waste form selected and increased by a factor of 2 to 4 by tramp halogens that would be released into the off-gas stream from the process chemicals. The volume of tritiated water from the fuel was quite small, but the estimated volume of the final waste form depended on the tritium management approach employed within the reprocessing plant. The Kr waste volume was calculated assuming pure Kr (i.e., assuming complete separation of Xe and Ar). For the case of no Xe separation, the estimated waste volume increased by factor of ∼10. Argon from the air, if not removed, increased the estimated volume by a factor of 425. The estimated volume of C-14 waste was dominated by the CO{sub 2} from the air leaking into the processing cell. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

An in-situ view cell system for investigating swelling behavior of elastomers upon high-pressure hydrogen exposure

The transition to hydrogen as a clean and efficient energy carrier is impeded by challenges in the compatibility of hydrogen with materials used within hydrogen infrastructure. Elastomers, crucial in sealing components, often exhibit premature failures in high-pressure hydrogen environments due to excessive swelling. This study employs an innovative in-situ view cell system to assess the swelling behavior of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) under various hydrogen conditions. The system, designed to withstand pressures up to 96.5 MPa, incorporates Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for strain measurements and volume estimation. Results reveal non-linear volume increases during depressurization, challenging conventional assumptions. Furthermore, investigations into peak hydrogen pressures and pressure-holding scenarios during decompression highlight complex swelling trends. The introduction of a novel computer vision (CV) method enhances precision in volume estimation, overcoming DIC limitations. The study provides insights into mitigating elastomer swelling, crucial for developing robust materials to support future hydrogen-driven energy systems.

Elastomer↗
NASA NTRS1980

Simple estimate of critical volume

Method for estimating critical molar volume of materials is faster and simpler than previous procedures. Formula sums no more than 18 different contributions from components of chemical structure of material, and is as accurate (within 3 percent) as older more complicated models. Method should expedite many thermodynamic design calculations.

Fedors, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Forest Classification and Inventory System using Landsat, digital terrain, and ground sample data

Accurate timber inventory data for cost-effective forest management is the primary goal of a Forest Classification and Inventory System (FOCIS) designed to provide estimates of timber volume by species aggregated by compartments, townships, or other spatial management units. FOCIS uses Landsat spectral data, including a synthesized texture channel, and Forest Service ground sample data to produce timber volume-homogeneous classes through a two-step unsupervised clustering process. Registered digital terrain data, including derived slope angle and slope aspect channels, are used to predict species proportions through a trend surface model, again using ground sample data for model calibration. In the final stage of FOCIS, volume estimates and predicted species proportions are merged and aggregated to yield timber volumes by species within management areas.

Strahler, A. H.↗