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Heterodyne frequency measurements and frequency calibration standards for tunable diode lasers

New frequency calibration tables are required to keep abreast of the resolution attainable by currently available tunable lasers. One key to the generation of tables with requisite accuracy involves accurate heterodyne frequency measurements; another key consists of reliable fitting and analysis. Coordinated activity in NBS involves selection of suitable molecular calibration candidates, their frequency measurement and analysis, and dissemination of the results in the form of frequency calibration tables. Current status of these efforts is described.

Wells, J. S.

A variable-frequency local oscillator for the frequency-hopping technique

The frequency hopping technique described elsewhere requires the use of a local oscillator whose output frequency may be rapidly and accurately changed by a fixed frequency increment. Such a device, capable of producing 16 different frequencies separated by 50 kHz over the range of 35.02 to 35.77 MHz, has been built for the Urbana MST (mesosphere stratosphere troposphere) radar facility. The design and construction of that device is described and illustrated.

Stitt, G. R.

Time-domain all-frequency stable formulation for low-frequency electromagnetic simulation with Newmark-β time integration

An implicitly Coulomb-gauged A-ϕ formulation has previously been proposed and validated for finite ele- ment simulations of low-frequency and multiscale electromag- netic problems in the frequency domain. This formulation has demonstrated numerical stability across all frequencies, with its accuracy, efficiency, and iterative convergence established in various frequency-domain scenarios. However, direct time- domain computation is often preferable for wideband electro- magnetic problems and is typically indispensable in nonlinear and multiphysics simulations. In this work, the A-ϕ formulation is extended to the time domain. By incorporating the well-known Newmark-β time integration scheme, the proposed formulation is validated through capacitive and inductive test cases. The results confirm the solution’s accuracy and demonstrate the formulation’s stability in the time domain.

Mekonnen, Minyechil

Experimental Hingeless Rotor Characteristics at Full Scale First Flap Mode Frequencies (including Rotor Frequency Response to Shaft Oscillations), Phase 3

The completion of the High Advance Ratio Research Program is reported. The primary objectives of the program were to experimentally determine the rotor frequency response to shaft pitching and rolling oscillations and to acquire steady response and frequency response data at high advance ratios for hingeless rotors with typical, full-scale, first flap mode natural frequencies. Secondary objectives of the program included the further evaluation of both the hub moment feedback control system and the simplified rigid blade flapping theory with respect to shaft oscillations. The bulk of the text is devoted to the presentation and examination of representative experimental results. All the analyzed test data are documented in tabular and/or graphical formats.

Kuczynski, W. A.

Carrier - Interference ratios for frequency sharing between satellite systems transmitting frequency modulated and digital television signals

As the data rates required for digitally encoded television are reduced, satellite systems employing the transmission of digitally encoded television will become attractive. It is likely that television transmitted in this format will be adjacent to or in the same frequency band as television transmissions in other modulation formats, so a knowledge of carrier to interference power ratios as a function of assessed picture quality will be required for frequency sharing between these different modulation formats. This paper presents the results of subjective and quantitative tests describing the results of interference to a particular digital television system from a frequency modulated (FM) television system, and for interference to an FM television system from a digital television system.

Barnes, S. P.

Plasma rest frame frequencies and polarizations of the low-frequency upstream waves - ISEE 1 and 2 observations

The plasma rest frame frequencies and polarizations of the large amplitude low frequency (0.03 Hz) upstream waves are investigated using magnetic field data from the dual ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft. The monochromatic sinusoidal waves associated with intermediate ion fluxes are propagating in both the Alfven and magnetosonic modes, in both cases with typical frequencies approximately 0.1 times the local proton gyrofrequency and wavelengths of approximately 1 R(E). It is shown that the generation of the magnetosonic mode can be explained by the cyclotron resonance mechanism driven by narrow reflected ion beams, but the concurrent observation of Alfven mode waves appears to require wave generation by the more isotropic diffuse ion distributions as well.

Hoppe, M. M.

Radio frequency interference survey over the 1.0-10.4 GHz frequency range at the Goldstone-Venus Development Station

The results of a low sensitivity Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) survey carried out at the Venus Station of the Goldstone Communications Complex are reported. The data cover the spectral range from 1 GHz to 10.4 GHz with a 10-kHz instantaneous bandwidth. Frequency and power levels were observed using a sweep-frequency spectrum analyzer connected to a 1-m diameter antenna pointed at zenith. The survey was conducted from February 16, 1987 through February 24, 1987.

Gulkis, S.

A plan to revitalize the domestic superconducting radio-frequency industry

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are essential building blocks of modern particle accelerators for scientific research, and they offer unique capabilities that could be transformative for commercial applications. Growth of the domestic SRF industry in North America has faced several challenges over the past decades, as most of the international demand for cavities was supplied by European vendors. This contribution provides a brief review of the domestic industrial vendor space, an outlook of the global demand for SRF cavities and an outline of the challenges leading to this supply chain deficiency. One of the main challenges towards establishing a robust domestic SRF industry has been the large uncertainty in the demand. Meanwhile, research and development activities to raise technical readiness of SRF accelerators for industrial use have continued and several potential markets are emerging that may offer a consistent and growing demand for SRF cavities. Finally, reasons and means of establishing and sustaining competitive domestic suppliers are described.

Accelerator Physics