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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Effects of Zn and Ca on the deformation texture evolution of Mg–Zn–Ca alloys at elevated temperatures

This work utilized crystal plasticity simulations and experimental thermo-mechanical processing to examine how Zn and Ca content affects texture evolution in Mg–Zn–Ca alloys during simulated hot rolling. Four different compositions were studied: unalloyed Mg and three Mg alloys of ZX0p50 (Mg- 0.5 wt% Zn- 0.1 wt% Ca), ZX30 (Mg-3 wt% Zn- 0.1 wt% Ca), and ZX31 (Mg-3 wt% Zn- 0.3 wt% Ca). Multi-pass Gleeble experiments simulated hot rolling using plane strain conditions. Unalloyed Mg developed a strong basal texture, while the addition of Zn and Ca significantly weakened the texture in ZX30 and ZX31; this reduction was not seen in ZX0p50. Notably, ZX31 exhibited a split basal texture aligned with the rolling direction. Crystal plasticity simulations revealed that the weaker basal texture in ZX30 and ZX31 resulted from reduced activation of basal and twinning modes compared to unalloyed Mg and Zx0p50. Increased Zn and Ca content raised the ratios of basal to pyramidal critical resolved sheer stress (CRSS) and twin to pyramidal CRSS, enhancing pyramidal slip activity and weakening the basal texture. Extension twinning played a critical role in texture development during the first deformation pass. In unalloyed Mg and ZX0p50, twinning led to a strong basal texture, while ZX30 and ZX31 had weak basal textures that increased only slightly with further deformation. The split basal poles simulated in ZX31 were consistent with the experimental findings, highlighting the interplay between alloy composition and texture evolution.

Crystal plasticity finite element↗
DOE OSTI2023

The influence of thermomechanical treatment pathways on texture and mechanical properties in ARB Cu/Nb nanolaminates

Accumulative roll-bonded Cu/Nb nanolaminates (ARB Cu/Nb) possess high strength, thermal stability, and radiation tolerance arising from a high content of heterophase interfaces at fine layer thicknesses. These properties can be tailored by processing parameters used in the ARB Cu/Nb fabrication process, in which layer thickness, thermal history, and strain pathway determine the interface types and resultant properties found in the material. In this work, we subject ARB Cu/Nb to annealing, and then two different rolling pathways – one where rolling direction is held constant (longitudinal rolling, or LR), and one where rolling direction is rotated by 90º and held constant thereafter (cross rolling, or CR). Rolling is performed on ARB Cu/Nb over a targeted range of layer thicknesses from 193 to 25 nm and resultant bulk textures measured by neutron diffraction are correlated with mechanical properties measured by miniaturized tensile tests. The annealing procedure sharpens texture in both phases. We find that Cu mostly develops the same texture in LR and CR. In contrast, Nb develops a distinct texture along the CR pathway that is distinct from the LR texture. The composite texture of Cu/Nb is thus distinct between LR and CR pathways. This difference in texture development between Cu and Nb as a function of strain after change in rolling direction demonstrates the viability for deliberate pairing of Cu LR and Nb CR textures at a desired layer thickness. For mechanical properties, we find that differences in texture do not result in yield or flow stress differences above a layer thickness of 25 nm. Below a layer thickness of 25 nm, despite similar Taylor factors, yield and flow stress and are significantly different. In conclusion, this indicates texture only influences mechanical behavior at low layer thickness, where interface structure dominates mechanical properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Texture evolution during processing and post-processing of maraging steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

Abstract In this study, the evolution of solidification texture during LPBF of Ti-free grade 300 maraging steel, and its effect on texture development during subsequent post-fabrication heat treatments was characterized using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). It was found that in the as-fabricated state, no texture was observed in the room temperature martensitic phase. However, the reconstructed parent austenite phase displayed a Cube texture with a minor fraction of Rotated Goss texture. During subsequent aging treatments involving two different routes, namely direct aging of the as-fabricated samples, and conventional solution treatment + aging of the as-fabricated samples, significant changes in the texture components of parent austenite were observed, whereas no changes in texture were observed in the room temperature martensitic phase. During direct aging, it was found that with an increase in the aging temperature up to 520 °C, the texture components of the parent austenite changed from Cube/Rotated Goss to Brass, whereas during the conventional solution treatment and aging cycle, interestingly a change in texture component to rotated copper was observed. The transitions in texture components have been discussed using the concepts of recrystallization and twinning in austenite during annealing and/or aging, and strain energy release maximization (SERM) theory. Furthermore, the importance of these preferred orientations on the mechanical properties was quantified using transformation potential diagrams.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2021

Spectral Effects of Varying Texture and Composition in Two-component “Mudpie” Simulations: Insights for Asteroid (101955) Bennu

Data returned by the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft have shown that asteroid (101955) Bennu has a globally low-albedo surface covered in boulders with diverse texture, color, and albedo properties, and an aqueously altered composition dominated by phyllosilicates. To test whether Bennu’s color and albedo diversity could be caused by texture and/or composition variations, we performed a laboratory-based study using simple two-component mixtures (called “mudpies”) of the phyllosilicate saponite and carbon-rich opaques. Each mudpie is prepared in four different textures: fine powder, coarse particles, sanded slab, and textured rock. We find that a sanded slab made from 90% saponite and 10% lampblack is a good analog for Bennu, and the color and albedo changes due to texture variations are substantial. At 550 nm, texture changes alone can create up to 36% brightness contrast, and in color measured as a 473 nm/847 nm ratio, texture changes can provide up to 18% color contrast. In comparison, Bennu shows approximately 25% albedo and <1% color contrasts from boulder type to boulder type. These findings suggest that if texture contributes to color on Bennu, the texture variations are typically more subtle than what we simulated in the laboratory. According to our study, the color and albedo properties of different boulder types on Bennu are consistent with different concentrations of carbon-rich opaques (and possibly consistent with variations in carbonate concentration). The variations within each boulder group are consistent with textural differences.

Antara Sen↗
DOE OSTI2021

Texture Memory in Hexagonal Metals and Its Mechanism

Texture memory is a phenomenon in which retention of initial textures occurs after a complete cycle of forward and backward transformations, and it occurs in various phase-transforming materials including cubic and hexagonal metals such as steels and Ti and Zr alloys. Texture memory is known to be caused by the phenomena called variant selection, in which some of the allowed child orientations in an orientation relationship between the parent and child phases are preferentially selected. Without such variant selection, the phase transformations would randomize preferred orientations. In this article, the methods of prediction of texture memory and mechanisms of variant selections in hexagonal metals are explored. The prediction method using harmonic expansion of orientation distribution functions with the variant selection in which the Burgers orientation relationship, {110}β//{0001} α-hex <1$\bar{1}$1>β//$\langle2\bar{11}0\rangle$ α-hex , is held with two or more adjacent parent grains at the same time, called “double Burgers orientation relation (DBOR)”, is introduced. This method is shown to be a powerful tool by which to analyze texture memory and ultimately provide predictive capabilities for texture changes during phase transformations. Variation in nucleation and growth rates on special boundaries and an extensive growth of selected variants are also described. Analysis of textures of commercially pure Ti observed in situ by pulsed neutron diffraction reveals that the texture memory in CP-Ti is indeed quite well predicted by consideration of the mechanism of DBOR. The analysis also suggests that the nucleation and growth rates on the special boundary of 90° rotation about $\langle2\bar{11}0\rangle$ α-hex should be about three times larger than those of the other special boundaries, and the selected variants should grow extensively into not only one parent grain but also other grains in α-hex(hexagonal)→β(bcc) transformation. The model calculations of texture development during two consecutive cycles of α-hex→β→α-hex transformation in CP-Ti and Zr are also shown.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Effect of Homogenization Heat Treatment on the Texture Evolution in U-10Mo Alloy

Uranium alloyed with 10 wt% Mo (U-10Mo) undergoes discontinuous precipitation (DP) when subjected to sub-eutectoid heat-treatment. It is hypothesized that the crystallographic texture of the U-10Mo can be modified to minimize the degree of DP, however the evolution of texture throughout the manufacturing process is not well understood. Crystallographic textures of two U-10Mo samples homogenized at 900°C and 1000°C were studied after uniaxial rolling and annealing. A total of 6 samples were analyzed upon rolling using a combination of hot and cold rolling conditions to strains of 83%, 90% and 97% and subsequently annealed at 700°C for one hour. Microstructures and textures were analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) for each homogenization, strain and post-annealed states. Results show that the U-10Mo exhibits typical rolling textures seen in body-centered cubic materials with increasing intensities of both a- and ?-fibers with increasing strain. After recrystallization, the texture appeared to be effectively randomized in all samples. Homogenization temperature showed no effect on the rolling and recrystallization behavior. Potential factors leading to the randomization of texture are discussed along with the implications of textures on the minimization of DP.

nuclear fuel, texture, rolling↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mechanical behavior and texture evolution of WE43 magnesium-rare earth alloy in Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Taylor Impact Cylinder Testing

Mechanical behavior and texture evolution of Mg rare-earth alloy WE43 is investigated for strain-rates 10 -3 /s to upwards of 10 5 /s for the two material conditions - as-cast (AC) and T6 age hardened, rolled plate (RT6). The high strain-rate behavior is tested using both Taylor cylinder impact tests (TC) and split Hopkinson pressure bar tests (SHB) and bulk textures are obtained using neutron diffraction. Unlike the quasi-static strained material, AC and RT6 SHB retained high hardening rates throughout the test, even up to 30% true strain. Moreover, the high strain-rate data revealed that the RT6 material has a much higher strength than the AC material, but similar hardening rates despite significantly different initial texture. The flow stress near yield increased up to I 0% for RT6 and up to 30% for AC as the strain-rate increased six orders of magnitude from quasi-static rates 10 -3 /s to 10 3 /s. Neither material exhibited significant plastic anisotropy over the broad range of strain rates, despite the fact that the RT6 material had a moderately strong initial texture. In the TC tests, the geometric cross-sectional changes and texture along the cylinder from the cylindrical sample foot to head are measured and from the neutron diffraction texture analysis, upper-bound estimates of twin volume fraction are obtained as well as dislocation density from analyzing diffraction peak broadening. Recorded geometrical changes along several loading directions show that the material has deformed remarkably homogeneously under impact. Analysis of deformed textures indicates that {101¯2} extension deformation twinning occurred in the RT6 condition over the range of strain rates, with an upper bound estimate of 40% twin volume fraction for approximately 0.10-0.25 true strain. The peak texture components after the impact have their c-axes closely aligned with the impact direction. As a result, these observations are presented and rationalized in the paper.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Determining elastic anisotropy of textured polycrystals using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy

Abstract Polycrystalline materials can have complex anisotropic properties depending on their crystallographic texture and crystal structure. In this study, we use resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) to nondestructively quantify the elastic anisotropy in extruded aluminum alloy 1100-O, an inherently low-anisotropy material. Further, we show that RUS can be used to indirectly provide a description of the material’s texture, which in the present case is found to be transversely isotropic. By determining the entire elastic tensor, we can identify the level and orientation of the anisotropy originated during extrusion. The relative anisotropy of the compressive (c 11 /c 33 ) and shear (c 44 /c 66 ) elastic constants is 1.5% ± 0.5% and 5.7% ± 0.5%, respectively, where the elastic constants (five independent elastic constants for transversely isotropic) are those associated with the extrusion axis that defines the symmetry of the texture. These results indicate that the texture is expected to have transversely isotropic symmetry. This finding is confirmed by two additional approaches. First, we confirm elastic constants and the degree of elastic anisotropy by direct sound velocity measurements using ultrasonic pulse echo. Second, neutron diffraction (ND) data confirm the symmetry of the bulk texture consistent with extrusion-induced anisotropy, and polycrystal elasticity simulations using the elastic self-consistent model with input from ND textures and aluminum single-crystal elastic constants render similar levels of polycrystal elastic anisotropy to those measured by RUS. We demonstrate the ability of RUS to detect texture-induced anisotropy in inherently low-anisotropy materials. Therefore, as many other common materials have intrinsically higher elastic anisotropy, this technique should be applicable for similar levels of texture, providing an efficient general diagnostic and characterization tool.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A computer vision algorithm for interpreting lacustrine carbonate textures at Searles Valley, USA

Investigations of the paleohydrologies of pluvial lake systems have often employed lake carbonate deposits called “tufa” that grow subaqueously and can be preserved long after the drying of the lake. For this reason, tufa have been used as a proxy for minimum lake level. However, they exhibit a variety of textures that hold the potential to reveal richer paleoclimatological information. With the goal of determining if tufa texture can be used as a proxy for lake environment, this study investigates the textures of tufa at Mono Lake, California in comparison to the fossil tufa in Searles Valley, California. While observations in the last century suggest that the tufa in the Mono basin grew in waters similar to the modern, the tufa at Searles formed during the last glacial period, when the Great Basin contained a system of pluvial lakes on the scale of the modern Great Lakes. The tufa at both basins have been observed to have a range of classifiable textures, and new methods of inspecting visual data could be informative about what factors control these textures. To this end, a t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is used to project images of the tufa at Searles and Mono into a coordinate space, allowing for simple, quantitative comparisons of the visual similarity of textures. In this work, the textures of tufa at Searles are compared to each other, as well as to the tufa at Mono. This study performs a robust assessment of the feasibility of Mono Lake as a modern analogue for Searles Valley. It finds that there is a justifiable basis for the comparison of certain fossil facies at Searles to the tufa at Mono, significant progress towards the goal of using texture as a metric for the environment in which tufa formed.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Scalable Surface Micro-Texturing of LLZO Solid Electrolytes for Battery Applications

A challenge for lithium lanthanum zirconate (LLZO)-based solid-state batteries is to increase the critical current density (CCD) to enable high current cycling. A promising strategy is to modify the LLZO surface morphology to provide a larger contact area with the Li metal. Here, a surface-textured thin LLZO electrolyte was prepared through an easily scalable process. The texturing process is a simple pressing of green LLZO tapes between micro-textured substrates. A variety of textures can be produced, depending on the type of substrate, and texturing can be on either one side or both sides. For this work, after pressing and sintering, several micro-patterns are formed on thin LLZO (~118 μm thick). The properties of the various samples were characterized to investigate the impact of surface texturing, and the most promising ones were selected for electrochemical testing in symmetrical lithium cells and full cells. Li symmetric cells using a coarse ridge-textured LLZO exhibit ~2.5 times increased CCD compared to planar non-textured LLZO, and a solid-state full cell shows stable cycling and improved rate performance. Finally, we believe this process offers a favorable trade-off of processing complexity vs structural optimization to maximize CCD.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS1976

Ion beam texturing

A microscopic surface texture is created by sputter etching a surface while simultaneously sputter depositing a lower sputter yield material onto the surface. A xenon ion beam source has been used to perform this texturing process on samples as large as three centimeters in diameter. Ion beam textured surface structures have been characterized with SEM photomicrographs for a large number of materials including Cu, Al, Si, Ti, Ni, Fe, Stainless steel, Au, and Ag. Surfaces have been textured using a variety of low sputter yield materials - Ta, Mo, Nb, and Ti. The initial stages of the texture creation have been documented, and the technique of ion beam sputter removal of any remaining deposited material has been studied. A number of other texturing parameters have been studied such as the variation of the texture with ion beam power, surface temperature, and the rate of texture growth with sputter etching time.

Hudson, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Texture transforms of remote sensing data

Tone and texture are fundamental interrelated visual concepts. The concepts are used for the digital analysis of remotely sensed image data. The reported investigation had the objective to develop software for the quantification of image texture and to apply the texture information to both image enhancement and thematic classification of remotely sensed data. The quantitative texture information was applied to the analysis of Landsat-2 Multispectral Scanner Subsystem (MSS) data. Attention is given to the characterization of image texture, textured transformations, the subtext program, and a description of methods and results. It is pointed out that the inability to use the texture transforms of the Landsat MSS data for the thematic mapping of the study area's land cover contrasts sharply with the reported results of the textural analysis of digitized aerial photography by Hsu (1978).

Irons, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Kinetic Controls on Formation of Textures in Rapidly Cooled Rocks

The crystallization of silicate melts is a complex process involving melts usually produced by partial melting and cooling environments that are rapid in volcanic lavas or so slow as to be auto-metamorphic in plutonic regimes. The volcanic lavas are amenable to laboratory study as are chondrules that comprise the bulk of chondritic meteorites. Dynamic crystallization studies of basalt and chondrule melts have shown that nucleation has a more profound effect on the final texture than the cooling or crystal growth rates. The sequence of crystal shapes grown at increasing degrees of supercooling (DELTA T) or cooling rate demonstrates the effect of increasing growth rate. Equant or euhedral crystals become skeletal, then dendritic and ultimately spherulitic indicating the nucleation temperature and the DELTA T when growth began. Because crystals cannot grow until they nucleate, cooling rate does not always correlate with crystal growth rate and thus crystal shape. Silicate melts cooled at the same rate can have drastically different textures depending on the temperature of nucleation. A dynamic crystallization study of basaltic rocks shows that basaltic lavas must erupt with sufficient crystals present in the melt to act as nuclei and foster growth. With nuclei present, growth will begin when the temperature drops below the liquidus temperature and typical basaltic textures such as intersertal, intergranular or subophitic will form. If nuclei are not present, crystallization will not begin immediately and the DELTA T will increase until embryos in the melts become nuclei. The DELTA T present when grow begins dictates the growth rate and the crystal shapes and thus the rock texture. If nucleation is delayed, growth will take place at high DELTA T and the crystals will favor skeletal or dendritic shapes. Chondrules are usually considered crystallized melt droplets and clearly some are, but most are not. Most chondrules have porphyritic textures that cannot develop from totally melted droplets because nucleation is delayed during cooling and growth occurs at high DELTA T and the resulting textures are dendritic or spherulitic. The porphyritic textures will develop only if the chondrule is partially molten and begins to crystallize immediately upon cooling. Chondrule compositions are close to komatiites and these studies bear on the origin of their textures as well.

Lofgren, Gary E.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Texturing Blood-Glucose-Monitoring Optics Using Oxygen Beams

A method has been invented for utilizing directed, hyperthermal oxygen atoms and ions for texturing tips of polymeric optical fibers or other polymeric optical components for use in optical measurement of concentration of glucose in blood. The required texture of the sensory surface of such a component amounts to a landscape of microscopic hills having high aspect ratios (hills taller than they are wide), with an average distance between hills of no more than about 5 m. This limit on the average distance between hills is chosen so that blood cells (which are wider) cannot enter the valleys between the hills, where they could obstruct optical sensing of glucose in the blood plasma. On the other hand, the plasma is required to enter the valleys, and a high aspect ratio is intended to maximize the hillside and valley surface area in contact with the plasma, thereby making it possible to obtain a given level of optical glucose- measurement sensitivity with a relatively small volume of blood. The present method of texturing by use of directed, hyperthermal (particle energy >1 eV) oxygen atoms and ions stands in contrast to a prior method of texturing by use of thermal monatomic oxygen characterized by a temperature of the order of 0.5 eV. The prior method yields low-aspect- ratio (approximately hemispherical) craters that are tens of microns wide . too wide to exclude blood cells. The figure schematically depicts parts of a typical apparatus for texturing according to the present method. One or more polymeric optical components to be textured (e.g., multiple optical fibers bundled together for simultaneous processing) are mounted in a vacuum chamber facing a suitable ion- or atom-accelerating device capable of generating a beam of oxygen atoms and/or ions having kinetic energies >1 eV. Typically, such a device includes a heated cathode, in which case it is desirable to interpose a water-cooled thermal-radiation shield to prevent melting of the polymeric component(s) to be textured. In operation, the chamber is evacuated to a pressure .10.5 torr (less than or equal to approximately 1.3 mPa), then the beam is turned on. The resulting texture is characterized by approximately conical hills having aspect ratios greater than 1. In experiments, it was demonstrated that separations between adjacent hills can be made .1 m and that the separations and heights of the hills can be varied by varying the fluence of monatomic oxygen and/or oxygen ions.

Banks, Bruce↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantitative texture analysis at the WAND 2 and HIDRA diffractometers

Data collection and analysis strategies have been developed for efficient and reliable crystallographic texture measurements at two recently upgraded neutron diffractometers: the Wide Angle Neutron Diffractometer Squared (WAND 2 ) and the High Intensity Diffractometer for Residual Stress Analysis (HIDRA) at the High Flux Isotope Reactor located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These methods are demonstrated using measurements on a variety of textured samples, including multi-phase steel composites and polycrystalline calcite (CaCO 3 ). Reference measurements were also made at VULCAN, the engineering diffractometer located at the Spallation Neutron Source. The texture data obtained on the different instruments are in agreement, and WAND 2 is more time efficient than HIDRA. Two analysis methods were investigated, single-peak fitting to obtain individual pole figures for inversion and Rietveld texture analysis using MAUD. Here, the impact of the differences between the various textures obtained was evaluated through the calculation of diffraction elastic constants, which is one application of the texture data collected. Both instruments were found to provide texture data that are suitable for complementing other analyses, such as residual stress mapping.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Real-time evolution of texture and temperature during friction stir processing of a magnesium alloy: An operando neutron diffraction study

The real-time development of texture and the evolution of temperature during friction stir processing (FSP) of a Mg alloy were investigated using an operando neutron diffraction measurement. A novel approach was applied in this study where the real-time, quasi-steady state measurements performed as a function of position during FSP are converted to a Lagrangian dataset that reveals the transient behavior as a function of time. The in-situ FSP was carried out under two different thermo-mechanical processing conditions represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter, Z. Further, the results show that: (i) a shear texture develops from the initial strong basal texture with the peak temperature reaching about 774 K during a low-Z processing and (ii) a strong off-normal texture develops with a peak temperature of 616 K during a high-Z processing. Moreover, time-temperature-texture diagrams were established to reveal the real-time development of the texture during the processing for both the low Z and high Z processing conditions. The changes in texture will be discussed in terms of plastic deformation mechanisms active during various stages of the FSP under the two different processing conditions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dynamic recrystallization of a wrought magnesium alloy: Grain size and texture maps and their application for mechanical behavior predictions

Effect of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) on the grain refinement and texture modification was studied by conducting a series of hot compression on AZ31B Mg alloy. Processing-grain size-texture maps were established as a function of temperature, strain rate, strain, and the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z). Moreover, influence of simultaneous changes in the grain size and texture on tensile yield strength and ductility of the hot-worked Mg alloy was studied using the grain size and texture maps established. The processing-grain size map showed that the DRX grain size decreased with the increase in Z, also revealing various characteristics ranging from a grain growth, grain refinement, to a bimodal distribution of ultrafine grains and partially recrystallized grains. The effect of twinning on the grain refinement was also evident at high Z conditions. The processing-texture map revealed that the initial fiber texture was altered significantly to a shear, off-normal, or extension-twin texture with the increase in Z. The Schmid-factor maps were calculated to identify a dominant deformation mode during a subsequent tensile deformation of the hot-worked samples. Finally, a corresponding Hall-Petch relationship for each dominant deformation mode was used to establish tensile yield-strength maps, which agree well with the measured data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Solidification and crystallographic texture modeling of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V using finite difference-monte carlo method

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing makes near-net-shaped parts with reduced material cost and time, rising as a promising technology to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V, a widely used titanium alloy in aerospace and medical industries. However, LPBF Ti-6Al-4V parts produced with 67° rotation between layers, a scan strategy commonly used to reduce microstructure and property inhomogeneity, have varying grain morphologies and weak crystallographic textures that change depending on processing parameters. Here, this study predicts LPBF Ti-6Al-4V solidification at three energy levels using a finite difference-Monte Carlo method and validates the simulations with large-area electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans. The developed model accurately shows that a <001> texture forms at low energy and a <111> texture occurs at higher energies parallel to the build direction but with a lower strength than the textures observed from EBSD. A validated and well-established method of combining spatial correlation and general spherical harmonics representation of texture is developed to calculate a difference score between simulations and experiments. The quantitative comparison enables effective fine-tuning of nucleation density (N 0 ) input, which shows a nonlinear relationship with increasing energy level. Future improvements in texture prediction code and a more comprehensive study of N 0 with different energy levels will further advance the optimization of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V components. These developments contribute a novel understanding of crystallographic texture formation in LPBF Ti-6Al-4V, the development of robust model validation and calibration pipeline methodologies, and provide a platform for mechanical property prediction and process parameter optimization.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗