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Framework for Development of Object-Oriented Software

The Real-Time Control (RTC) Application Framework is a high-level software framework written in C++ that supports the rapid design and implementation of object-oriented application programs. This framework provides built-in functionality that solves common software development problems within distributed client-server, multi-threaded, and embedded programming environments. When using the RTC Framework to develop software for a specific domain, designers and implementers can focus entirely on the details of the domain-specific software rather than on creating custom solutions, utilities, and frameworks for the complexities of the programming environment. The RTC Framework was originally developed as part of a Space Shuttle Launch Processing System (LPS) replacement project called Checkout and Launch Control System (CLCS). As a result of the framework s development, CLCS software development time was reduced by 66 percent. The framework is generic enough for developing applications outside of the launch-processing system domain. Other applicable high-level domains include command and control systems and simulation/ training systems.

Perez-Poveda, Gus↗

Mammoth

The MAMMOTH radiation kinetics and reactor physics code is being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The code is based on INL's modern scientific software development framework MOOSE (Multi-Physics Object Oriented Simulation Environment).

Ortensi, Javier↗

RELAP-7: Demonstrating Seven-Equation, Two-Phase

The RELAP-7 code is the next generation nuclear reactor system safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory. RELAP-7 will become the main reactor systems toolkit for the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization Pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program and the next generation tool in the RELAP reactor safety/systems analysis application series (i.e., the replacement for RELAP5). The code is being developed based on Idaho National Laboratory’s modern scientific software development framework – MOOSE (i.e., the Multi-Physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment).

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

RELAP-7: Demonstrating the integration of two-phase flow components for an ideal BWR loop

The RELAP-7 code is the next generation nuclear reactor system safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory. RELAP-7 will become the main reactor systems toolkit for the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization Pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program and the next generation tool in the RELAP reactor safety/systems analysis application series (i.e., the replacement for RELAP5). The code is being developed based on Idaho National Laboratory’s modern scientific software development framework – MOOSE (the Multi-Physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment). During Fiscal-Year 2013, a number of physical components have been developed to support the demonstration calculations presented in this report. The case selected for demonstration of an idealized BWR loop in RELAP-7 includes the major components for the primary system of a BWR. The BWR loop has been successfully simulated to steady state with the RELAP-7 code. The next major stage of development is to demonstrate two-phase flow modeling capability through a simplified boiling water reactor station blackout analysis, which will be reported in the subsequent demonstration simulation report.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

RELAP-7 Simulation Resolving an SBO Scenario on a Simplified Geometry of a BWR

The RELAP-7 code is the next generation nuclear reactor system safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). RELAP-7 will become the main reactor systems toolkit for the Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization Pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program and the next generation tool in the RELAP reactor safety/systems analysis application series (i.e., the replacement for RELAP5). The code is being developed based on Idaho National Laboratory’s modern scientific software development framework – MOOSE (the Multi-Physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment). During Fiscal Year 2013, a number of physical components with two-phase flow capability have been developed to support the simplified boiling water reactor (BWR) station blackout analyses. The case selected for demonstration calculation is built from the specifications documented in an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development benchmark problem for BWR turbine trip analysis. The reference design for the benchmark problem was from the Peach Bottom-2 nuclear station, which is a General Electric BWR-4 design. The demonstration case includes the major components for the primary system of a BWR, as well as the safety system components for reactor core isolation cooling (RCIC) and the wet well of a BWR containment. The case was initially run to steady-state with RELAP-7. The station blackout transient simulations were subsequently initiated by using the INL-developed RAVEN code. Two scenarios for the station blackout simulations have been considered. Scenario I represents an extreme station blackout accident with no safety injection functioning. The reactor core could experience dry out fairly quickly with this scenario. Scenario II represents a more probable station blackout accident progression with the RCIC system functioning. In this scenario, the RCIC system is fully coupled with the reactor primary system and the safety injection to provide makeup cooling water to the reactor core from the suppression pool is dynamically simulated. With the RCIC system functioning, the core dry out is significantly postponed when compared to the results from Scenario I. This fully coupled RCIC system simulation capability represents the first-of-a-kind simulation capability. Sensitivity studies have also been carried out to study the effect of RCIC control strategy with varying core makeup cooling water mass flow rates. The next stage of development will be to demonstrate more refined BWR station blackout analyses with more realistic geometries, to be reported in the next demonstration simulation report.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

RELAP-7 Development Updates

RELAP-7 is a nuclear systems safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory, and is the next generation tool in the RELAP reactor safety/systems analysis application series. RELAP-7 development began in 2011 to support the Risk Informed Safety Margins Characterization (RISMC) Pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program. The overall design goal of RELAP-7 is to take advantage of the previous thirty years of advancements in computer architecture, software design, numerical methods, and physical models in order to provide capabilities needed for the RISMC methodology and to support nuclear power safety analysis. The code is being developed based on Idaho National Laboratory’s modern scientific software development framework – MOOSE (the Multi-Physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment). The initial development goal of the RELAP-7 approach focused primarily on the development of an implicit algorithm capable of strong (nonlinear) coupling of the dependent hydrodynamic variables contained in the 1-D/2-D flow models with the various 0-D system reactor components that compose various boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants (NPPs). During Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, the RELAP-7 code has been further improved with expanded capability to support boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor NPPs analysis. The accumulator model has been developed. The code has also been coupled with other MOOSE-based applications such as neutronics code RattleSnake and fuel performance code BISON to perform multiphysics analysis. A major design requirement for the implicit algorithm in RELAP-7 is that it is capable of second-order discretization accuracy in both space and time, which eliminates the traditional first-order approximation errors. The second-order temporal is achieved by a second-order backward temporal difference, and the one-dimensional second-order accurate spatial discretization is achieved with the Galerkin approximation of Lagrange finite elements. During FY-2015, we have done numerical verification work to verify that the RELAP-7 code indeed achieves 2nd-order accuracy in both time and space for single phase models at the system level.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

RELAP-7 Pressurizer Component Development Updates

RELAP-7 is a nuclear systems safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). RELAP-7 development began in 2011 to support the Risk Informed Safety Margins Characterization (RISMC) Pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) program. The overall design goal of RELAP-7 is to take advantage of the previous thirty years of advancements in computer architecture, software design, numerical methods, and physical models in order to provide capabilities needed for the RISMC methodology and to support nuclear power safety analysis. The code is being developed based on Idaho National Laboratory’s modern scientific software development framework – MOOSE (the Multi-Physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment). The initial development goal of the RELAP-7 approach focused primarily on the development of an implicit algorithm capable of strong (nonlinear) coupling of the dependent hydrodynamic variables contained in the 1-D/2-D flow models with the various 0-D system reactor components that compose various boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants (NPPs). As part of the efforts to expand the capability for PWR simulation, an equilibrium single-region pressurizer model has been implemented in RELAP-7. The pressurizer component can simulate pressure and water level change through insurge, spray, and heating processes. Two simple tests – one for insurge process and another for outsurge process – have been reported to demonstrate and verify the functions of the pressurizer model. The typical single-phase PWR system model presented in the first RELAP-7 milestone report has been updated, as part of system level test for the new pressurizer model. The updated PWR system model with the pressurizer component can be used for more realistic transient simulations. The addition of the equilibrium single-region pressurizer model represents the first step of developing a suite of pressurizer models with different levels of fidelities. Non-equilibrium two-region two-zone model and non-equilibrium five-region three zone model will be implemented in the near future. Cross comparison and validation will be pursued when higher fidelity pressurizer models are completed.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

GDSA PFLOTRAN Development (FY2021)

The Spent Fuel & Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) Campaign of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Office of Spent Fuel & Waste Disposition (SFWD) is conducting research and development (R&D) on geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level nuclear waste (HLW). A high priority for SFWST disposal R&D is to develop a disposal system modeling and analysis capability for evaluating disposal system performance for nuclear waste in geologic media. This report describes fiscal year (FY) 2021 advances of the PFLOTRAN Development group of the SFWST Campaign. The mission of this group is to develop a geologic disposal system modeling capability for nuclear waste that can be used to probabilistically assess the performance of generic disposal concepts. In FY 2021, development proceeded along three main thrusts: software infrastructure, code performance, and process model advancement. Software infrastructure improvements included implementing an Agile software development framework and making improvements to the QA Test Suite. Code performance improvements included development of advanced linear and nonlinear solvers as well as design of flexible smoothing algorithms for capillary pressure functions. Process modeling advancements included the addition of flexible thermal conductivity function definitions and refinement of multi-continuum reactive transport to support Sandia’s participation in DECOVALEX

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

CalderaCast User Manual Version 1.0

CalderaCast is a user-friendly web-based tool for electrical-load forecast, providing stakeholders with a fully customizable decision-support framework that estimates the likely power draw from a possible future electric-vehicle (EV) charging station at a given location on a given day along an alternative fuel corridor (AFC). These EV charging profiles are accurately modeled in CalderaCast using the Caldera software framework developed by Idaho National Laboratories (INL), reflecting the realistic charging levels observed in actual charge events. This tool was developed as part of the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program, which is quickly generating substantial interest from would-be charging station operators (CSO), large and small electric utilities, and state transportation planners, some of whom had not seriously considered EV charging previously. All these entities—with or without background in EV infrastructure—must estimate the electricity load that a proposed charging station will generate. This load forecast is critically important for a utility to properly assess the capacity of their distribution network to support the proposed station or properly size grid upgrades for potential load growth due to future EV adoption, vehicle technology improvements, or station growth. This document describes each aspect of the CalderaCast tool and provides guidance to users who are interested in utilizing the tool for their work.

24 - POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

PFLOTRAN Development FY2021

The Spent Fuel & Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) Campaign of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Office of Spent Fuel & Waste Disposition (SFWD) is conducting research and development (R&D) on geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level nuclear waste (HLW). A high priority for SFWST disposal R&D is to develop a disposal system modeling and analysis capability for valuating disposal system performance for nuclear waste in geologic media. This report describes fiscal year (FY) 2021 advances of the PFLOTRAN Development group of the SFWST Campaign. The mission of this group is to develop a geologic disposal system modeling capability for nuclear waste that can be used to probabilistically assess the performance of generic disposal concepts. In FY 2021, development proceeded along three main thrusts: software infrastructure, code performance, and process model advancement. Software infrastructure improvements included implementing an Agile software development framework and making improvements to the QA Test Suite. Code performance improvements included development of advanced linear and nonlinear solvers as well as design of flexible smoothing algorithms for capillary pressure functions. Process modeling advancements included the addition of flexible thermal conductivity function definitions and refinement of multi-continuum reactive transport to support Sandia’s participation in DECOVALEX. This report fulfills the GDSA PFLOTRAN Development Work Package Level 3 Milestone – PFLOTRAN Development, FY2021, M3SF-21SN010304072.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

A Rapid, Flexible Approach to Conceptual Space Mission Tradespace Definition and Exploration

This paper provides an overview of the Mission Tradespace Tool (MTT), a methodology and software framework developed to improve JPL's early design process by offering a rapid, structured, and inexpensive way to identify feasible design architectures from a wide array of candidate architectures. There has been a growing consensus at JPL that to improve the quality of service offered to design customers it is desirable to explore a wide tradespace of candidate architectures prior to forming a conceptual design baseline. This paper describes the rationale behind the MTT's approach to meet this need. Notable features of the framework are introduced and explained.

early designs↗

The Kepler Science Operations Center Pipeline Framework Extensions

The Kepler Science Operations Center (SOC) is responsible for several aspects of the Kepler Mission, including managing targets, generating on-board data compression tables, monitoring photometer health and status, processing the science data, and exporting the pipeline products to the mission archive. We describe how the generic pipeline framework software developed for Kepler is extended to achieve these goals, including pipeline configurations for processing science data and other support roles, and custom unit of work generators that control how the Kepler data are partitioned and distributed across the computing cluster. We describe the interface between the Java software that manages the retrieval and storage of the data for a given unit of work and the MATLAB algorithms that process these data. The data for each unit of work are packaged into a single file that contains everything needed by the science algorithms, allowing these files to be used to debug and evolve the algorithms offline.

Klaus, Todd C.↗

FPP: A Modeling Language for F Prime

We present F Prime Prime (FPP), a new open-source modeling language for F Prime. F Prime is an open-source flight software framework developed at JPL and deployed, among other places, on the Mars helicopter Ingenuity. FPP provides a convenient way to model the architectural elements of an F Prime application, e.g., components, ports, and their connections. It has a succinct and readable syntax, a well- defined semantics, and robust error checking and reporting. The FPP tool suite, written in Scala, analyzes FPP models, reports errors, and translates correct FPP models to a combination of XML and C++. Existing F Prime tools translate the XML to a partial implementation in C++, to be completed by the developers. The model elements have clean interfaces and are highly reusable. An accompanying visualization tool constructs diagrams of components and connections that FSW developers can use to understand and communicate their designs, for ex- ample at reviews. We discuss the design and implementation of FPP and the integration of FPP into F Prime. We also discuss our experience using FPP to construct F Prime models. Finally, we discuss our plans for future work, including improved code generation, improved visualization, and more advanced analysis capabilities.

Starch, Michael D.↗

A SUMMARY OF THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE RELAP-7 NUCLEAR REACTOR SYSTEM SAFETY ANALYSIS CODE

The RELAP-7 code is the next generation nuclear reactor system safety analysis code being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL)[1]. The code is based on INL’s scientific software development framework, MOOSE (Multi-physics Object Oriented Simulation Environment)[2]. The primary basis of the RELAP-7 governing theory includes 7-equation two-phase flow, reactor core heat transfer, and reactor kinetics models. This paper will focus upon the compressible, fully nonequilibrium two-phase flow model.

7-equation two-phase model↗

Development of a Software Framework for System-Level Carbon Sequestration Risk Assessment

The overall purpose of this project was to identify, evaluate, select, develop, and test a suite of enhancements to the GoldSim software program, in order to make it a better tool for use in support of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) projects. The GoldSim software is a foundational tool used by scientists at NETL and at other laboratories and research institutions to evaluate system-level risks of proposed CCS projects. The primary product of the project was a series of successively improved versions of the GoldSim software, supported by an extensive User’s Guide. All of the enhancements were tested by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and several of the enhancements have already been incorporated into the CO 2 -PENS sequestration model.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗