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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

ABWR start-up test analysis using BWR core simulator with three-dimensional direct response matrix method

The ABWR start-up test analysis has been done with the BWR core simulator using the three--dimensional direct response matrix (3D-DRM) method. The Monte Carlo code VMONT made the sub-response matrices for the 3D-DRM method. Each boundary surface was subdivided by 4 x 4 for transverse segments, by 4 for angular segments and by 4 for axial zones in a node. For the calculation speedup, the 3D-DRM code used the divided sub-response matrices data set. The code used the MPI and OpenMP for the parallelized method. The median value is set as the average critical eigenvalues. The changes from the maximum value to the minimum value are 0.34 %{Delta}k with the spectral history method and 0.40 %{Delta}k without it, and the respective standard deviations were 0.12 % and 0.14 %. Using the spectral history method decreased the variation by 0.06 %{Delta}k. The root mean square differences of the axial power distribution were about 6 % between the analysis results and the plant data. Using the currents which converged in the previous exposure step reduced the number of iterations when the CR pattern changed only slightly. The averaged calculation time for each exposure step was about 5 hours on 12 PC Linux cluster servers with Core 2 Quad 3 GHz. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

infrastore [SWR-26-077]

Infrastore is time-series storage for energy-systems simulations, backed by HDF5 + SQLite, with Rust, Python, Julia, gRPC, and CLI bindings. It is a Rust library for managing time-series data in power-systems and energy simulations. Numerical arrays are persisted in HDF5, and the metadata associating each array with its owning component lives in SQLite. Identical arrays are stored once and shared through content addressing. It ships native Rust, Python (PyO3), and Julia (C ABI) interfaces, the infrastore command-line tool, and a read-only gRPC server with a Rust client. Documentation: https://natlabrockies.github.io/infrastore/latest/ — start with the Quick Start or the Architecture.

Thom, Daniel [National Laboratory of the Rockies (↗
DOE OSTI2022

Outdoor Test Bed Performance of a Power Line Sensor Using a Real-Time Event Simulator

This report summarizes the design and application of an outdoor power line sensor testbed (OPLST) with a real-time simulator and power meter to compare a potential transformer (PT) and current transformer (CT) versus an advanced line-post sensor. The OPLST was created to validate advanced medium-voltage (20/34.5 kV) outdoor power line sensors used in electrical distribution systems. Electrical utilities have installed metering and relay-protection transformers like PTs and CTs for several decades. The PTs/CTs are iron core measurement transformers based on the electromagnetic induction principle and provide reliable data in normal grid operation. However, new outdoor power line sensors (OPLS) using other technologies like voltage divider, Rogowski coil and optical principles have become available and may have favorable performance and costs compared to PTs/CTs. Therefore, the importance of testing these technologies with the PT/CT, to compare the measured phase voltage/current at different power grid scenarios is crucial to understand the performance of these new OPLS. For this study a G&W Electric Model CVS-36-O power line sensor was chosen as the OPLS to test with voltage/current signals. An OPAL-RT Technologies Model OP4510 real-time simulator and Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Model SEL-735 power meter were installed with the 20/34.5 kV OPLST to compare the measured transient events collected from an advanced OPLS and the PT/CT. This system is installed at the Distributed Energy Communications and Control (DECC) lab, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The simulator generated different power grid scenarios (electrical faults, capacitor bank operation, service restoration, etc.), and its analog-output signals were connected to the voltage/current amplifiers that feed the 20/34.5 kV aerial cable loop through the PT/CT devices. Additional PT/CT devices were also wired with the medium voltage aerial cable loop to measure the phase current/voltage signals and server as references. After each test, common format for transient data exchange (COMTRADE) files were collected from the SEL-735 power meter and used to compare the performance of the OPLS with the PT/CT. The behavior of analog signals, harmonic components, total harmonic distortion and crest factors were assessed and found favorable for the G&W sensor as compared to the reference PT/CT.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Web-Based Computational Model Builder for Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling & Simulation (Phase I Final Report)

Today, the importance of nuclear power in the US is a geopolitical matter as much as it is an economic one. This is due to the notion that increasing the use of nuclear power reduces the US's reliance on imported oil and gas. In order to design future systems and continue operational improvements at existing US plants, advanced modeling and simulation of nuclear power reactors is crucial. A variety of challenges exist to using advanced modeling and simulation in practice, especially for the nuclear energy community and other organizations with fewer computational resources and limited expertise. There is an increasing need of access to highly capable compute, data, and software resources from network systems, which are becoming more administratively restricted from access through installation of traditional client-server applications. The nuclear energy community is not capable of maintaining exponential growth of computing capability and data storage coupled with the necessary end-to-end network bandwidth improvements. Applications that provide higher fidelity with increased physics and decreased assumptions, by their very nature, require more and more computational resources. We believe Web-based, Cloud-enabled, end-to-end simulation software for nuclear energy advanced modeling and simulation to be the solution to these challenges.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2002

Design and architecture of the Mars relay network planning and analysis framework

In this paper we describe the design and architecture of the Mars Network planning and analysis framework that supports generation and validation of efficient planning and scheduling strategy. The goals are to minimize the transmitting time, minimize the delaying time, and/or maximize the network throughputs. The proposed framework would require (1) a client-server architecture to support interactive, batch, WEB, and distributed analysis and planning applications for the relay network analysis scheme, (2) a high-fidelity modeling and simulation environment that expresses link capabilities between spacecraft to spacecraft and spacecraft to Earth stations as time-varying resources, and spacecraft activities, link priority, Solar System dynamic events, the laws of orbital mechanics, and other limiting factors as spacecraft power and thermal constraints, (3) an optimization methodology that casts the resource and constraint models into a standard linear and nonlinear constrained optimization problem that lends itself to commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)planning and scheduling algorithms.

Mars relay network planning analysis↗
DOE OSTI2012

A preliminary user-friendly, digital console for the control room parameters supervision in old-generation Nuclear Plants

Improvements in the awareness of a system status is an essential requirement to achieve safety in every kind of plant. In particular, in the case of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs), a progress is crucial to enhance the Human Machine Interface (HMI) in order to optimize monitoring and analyzing processes of NPP operational states. Firstly, as old-fashioned plants are concerned, an upgrading of the whole console instrumentation is desirable in order to replace an analog visualization with a full-digital system. In this work, we present a novel instrument able to interface the control console of a nuclear reactor, developed by using CompactRio, a National Instruments embedded architecture and its dedicated programming language. This real-time industrial controller composed by a real-time processor and FPGA modules has been programmed to visualize the parameters coming from the reactor, and to storage and reproduce significant conditions anytime. This choice has been made on the basis of the FPGA properties: high reliability, determinism, true parallelism and re-configurability, achieved by a simple programming method, based on LabVIEW real-time environment. The system architecture exploits the FPGA capabilities of implementing custom timing and triggering, hardware-based analysis and co-processing, and highest performance control algorithms. Data stored during the supervisory phase can be reproduced by loading data from a measurement file, re-enacting worthwhile operations or conditions. The system has been thought to be used in three different modes, namely Log File Mode, Supervisory Mode and Simulation Mode. The proposed system can be considered as a first step to develop a more complete Decision Support System (DSS): indeed this work is part of a wider project that includes the elaboration of intelligent agents and meta-theory approaches. A synoptic has been created to monitor every kind of action on the plant through an intuitive sight. Furthermore, another important aim of this work is the possibility to have a front panel available on a web interface: CompactRio acts as a remote server and it is accessible on a dedicated LAN. This supervisory system has been tested and validated on the basis of the real control console for the 1-MW TRIGA reactor RC-1 at the ENEA, Casaccia Research Center. In this paper we show some results obtained by recording each variable as the reactor reaches its maximum level of power. The choice of a research reactor for testing the developed system relies on its training and didactic importance for the education of plant operators: in this context a digital instrument can offer a better user-friendly tool for learning and training. It is worthwhile to remark that such a system does not interfere with the console instrumentation, the latter continuing to preserve the total control. (authors)

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2010

Spinoff 2010

Topics covered include: Burnishing Techniques Strengthen Hip Implants; Signal Processing Methods Monitor Cranial Pressure; Ultraviolet-Blocking Lenses Protect, Enhance Vision; Hyperspectral Systems Increase Imaging Capabilities; Programs Model the Future of Air Traffic Management; Tail Rotor Airfoils Stabilize Helicopters, Reduce Noise; Personal Aircraft Point to the Future of Transportation; Ducted Fan Designs Lead to Potential New Vehicles; Winglets Save Billions of Dollars in Fuel Costs; Sensor Systems Collect Critical Aerodynamics Data; Coatings Extend Life of Engines and Infrastructure; Radiometers Optimize Local Weather Prediction; Energy-Efficient Systems Eliminate Icing Danger for UAVs; Rocket-Powered Parachutes Rescue Entire Planes; Technologies Advance UAVs for Science, Military; Inflatable Antennas Support Emergency Communication; Smart Sensors Assess Structural Health; Hand-Held Devices Detect Explosives and Chemical Agents; Terahertz Tools Advance Imaging for Security, Industry; LED Systems Target Plant Growth; Aerogels Insulate Against Extreme Temperatures; Image Sensors Enhance Camera Technologies; Lightweight Material Patches Allow for Quick Repairs; Nanomaterials Transform Hairstyling Tools; Do-It-Yourself Additives Recharge Auto Air Conditioning; Systems Analyze Water Quality in Real Time; Compact Radiometers Expand Climate Knowledge; Energy Servers Deliver Clean, Affordable Power; Solutions Remediate Contaminated Groundwater; Bacteria Provide Cleanup of Oil Spills, Wastewater; Reflective Coatings Protect People and Animals; Innovative Techniques Simplify Vibration Analysis; Modeling Tools Predict Flow in Fluid Dynamics; Verification Tools Secure Online Shopping, Banking; Toolsets Maintain Health of Complex Systems; Framework Resources Multiply Computing Power; Tools Automate Spacecraft Testing, Operation; GPS Software Packages Deliver Positioning Solutions; Solid-State Recorders Enhance Scientific Data Collection; Computer Models Simulate Fine Particle Dispersion; Composite Sandwich Technologies Lighten Components; Cameras Reveal Elements in the Short Wave Infrared; Deformable Mirrors Correct Optical Distortions; Stitching Techniques Advance Optics Manufacturing; Compact, Robust Chips Integrate Optical Functions; Fuel Cell Stations Automate Processes, Catalyst Testing; Onboard Systems Record Unique Videos of Space Missions; Space Research Results Purify Semiconductor Materials; and Toolkits Control Motion of Complex Robotics.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2008

NASA Tech Briefs, December 2008

Topics covered include: Crew Activity Analyzer; Distributing Data to Hand-Held Devices in a Wireless Network; Reducing Surface Clutter in Cloud Profiling Radar Data; MODIS Atmospheric Data Handler; Multibeam Altimeter Navigation Update Using Faceted Shape Model; Spaceborne Hybrid-FPGA System for Processing FTIR Data; FPGA Coprocessor for Accelerated Classification of Images; SiC JFET Transistor Circuit Model for Extreme Temperature Range; TDR Using Autocorrelation and Varying-Duration Pulses; Update on Development of SiC Multi-Chip Power Modules; Radio Ranging System for Guidance of Approaching Spacecraft; Electromagnetically Clean Solar Arrays; Improved Short-Circuit Protection for Power Cells in Series; Electromagnetically Clean Solar Arrays; Logic Gates Made of N-Channel JFETs and Epitaxial Resistors; Improved Short-Circuit Protection for Power Cells in Series; Communication Limits Due to Photon-Detector Jitter; System for Removing Pollutants from Incinerator Exhaust; Sealing and External Sterilization of a Sample Container; Converting EOS Data from HDF-EOS to netCDF; HDF-EOS 2 and HDF-EOS 5 Compatibility Library; HDF-EOS Web Server; HDF-EOS 5 Validator; XML DTD and Schemas for HDF-EOS; Converting from XML to HDF-EOS; Simulating Attitudes and Trajectories of Multiple Spacecraft; Specialized Color Function for Display of Signed Data; Delivering Alert Messages to Members of a Work Force; Delivering Images for Mars Rover Science Planning; Oxide Fiber Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Cells; Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane; Heterogeneous Superconducting Low-Noise Sensing Coils; Progress toward Making Epoxy/Carbon-Nanotube Composites; Predicting Properties of Unidirectional-Nanofiber Composites; Deployable Crew Quarters; Nonventing, Regenerable, Lightweight Heat Absorber; Miniature High-Force, Long-Stroke SMA Linear Actuators; "Bootstrap" Configuration for Multistage Pulse-Tube Coolers; Reducing Liquid Loss during Ullage Venting in Microgravity; Ka-Band Transponder for Deep-Space Radio Science; Replication of Space-Shuttle Computers in FPGAs and ASICs; Demisable Reaction-Wheel Assembly; Spatial and Temporal Low-Dimensional Models for Fluid Flow; Advanced Land Imager Assessment System; Range Imaging without Moving Parts.

Source record↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Updating the Thermal Vacuum Chambers at the NASA Johnson Space Center

Chambers A and B are two large thermal vacuum chambers at Johnson Space Center which enable space simulation for unmanned and human-rated missions, respectively. With the resurgence in deep space missions for scientific research and various private commercial ventures, these chambers are expected to be used frequently for at least the next decade. For qualifying the James Webb Space Telescope, upgrades to Chamber A were performed which included the addition of a 12.5 kW refrigeration system with helium shrouds capable of simulating deep space environment and an efficient and reliable LN2 natural flow thermosiphon system for the thermal shield. Continuous improvements since then have focused on ensuring operational readiness by modernizing the data acquisition, recording, controls, and visualization systems for both chambers and clean room. These upgrades will be the focus of this paper. Controlling the Cryochambers was enhanced by moving from a 32-bit SCADA system to a 64-bit architected system. Infrastructural changes involved installing redundant power circuits, adding new servers, network switches, and including load balancing with fail-over between servers to minimize downtime. Instead of distributed servers, 3 redundant servers are used to share configurations. Configurations are now kept in a shared SQL instance making it easy to deploy and maintain. During this upgrade process many sub-systems (PLCs and NI PXI interfaces to sensors) were upgraded from the prior OPC-DA to the more secure OPC-UA protocol. Cryo-system PLCs were updated to allow Ganni cycle floating pressure calculations from any cold box to be sent to any compressor. During the project, the team recreated over 70,000 live data points, 50000 historical data points, and 4000 alarms. Finally, the graphical interfaces were upgraded to support HTML 5 in conjunction shared pages were implemented reducing the total number of webpages by over 75%. These system updates reinvigorated the previous SCADA system which had reached its end of life. The same look and feel was maintained while providing operators with an updated interface to control, troubleshoot, and record. The new system architecture is more robust and easier to maintain creating a path forward to address remaining problem points and implement additional features.

Cody Schaefer↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Updating the Thermal Vacuum Chambers at the NASA Johnson Space Center

Chambers A and B are two large thermal vacuum chambers at Johnson Space Center which enable space simulation for unmanned and human-rated missions, respectively. With the resurgence in deep space missions for scientific research and various private commercial ventures, these chambers are expected to be used frequently for at least the next decade. For qualifying the James Webb Space Telescope, upgrades to Chamber A were performed which included the addition of a 12.5 kW refrigeration system with helium shrouds capable of simulating deep space environment and an efficient and reliable LN2 natural flow thermosiphon system for the thermal shield. Continuous improvements since then have focused on ensuring operational readiness by modernizing the data acquisition, recording, controls, and visualization systems for both chambers and clean room. These upgrades will be the focus of this paper. Controlling the Cryochambers was enhanced by moving from a 32-bit SCADA system to a 64-bit architected system. Infrastructural changes involved installing redundant power circuits, adding new servers, network switches, and including load balancing with fail-over between servers to minimize downtime. Instead of distributed servers, 3 redundant servers are used to share configurations. Configurations are now kept in a shared SQL instance making it easy to deploy and maintain. During this upgrade process many sub-systems (PLCs and NI PXI interfaces to sensors) were upgraded from the prior OPC-DA to the more secure OPC-UA protocol. Cryo-system PLCs were updated to allow Ganni cycle floating pressure calculations from any cold box to be sent to any compressor. During the project, the team recreated over 70,000 live data points, 50000 historical data points, and 4000 alarms. Finally, the graphical interfaces were upgraded to support HTML 5 in conjunction shared pages were implemented reducing the total number of webpages by over 75%. These system updates reinvigorated the previous SCADA system which had reached its end of life. The same look and feel was maintained while providing operators with an updated interface to control, troubleshoot, and record. The new system architecture is more robust and easier to maintain creating a path forward to address remaining problem points and implement additional features.

Cody Schaefer↗
NASA NTRS2019

Web-based Decision Support System Tools: the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Online Visualization and Analyses (SWATOnline) and NASA Earth Observation Data Downloading and Reformatting Tool (NASAaccess)

The current influx of climate related information required scientists to communicate their findings to decision makers in governments, disaster preparedness organizations, and the general public. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a powerful modelling tool that allows scientists to simulate many of the physical processes involved in the water cycle. This article presents the design, methods and development efforts to overcome some of the limitations of the previously developed SWAT visualization software programs by creating a set of modular web applications that can be duplicated, customized, and run. Moreover, this article features a web application development tool for climate data retrieval. The NASAaccess fetches, extracts and reformats climate data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration servers and outputs data compatible with hydrological models. This work has the potential to increase the SWAT's model impact on non-technically trained stakeholders and decision makers charged with water and climate management.

Tethys↗
DOE OSTI2011

Creating a Parallel Version of VisIt for Microsoft Windows

VisIt is a popular, free interactive parallel visualization and analysis tool for scientific data. Users can quickly generate visualizations from their data, animate them through time, manipulate them, and save the resulting images or movies for presentations. VisIt was designed from the ground up to work on many scales of computers from modest desktops up to massively parallel clusters. VisIt is comprised of a set of cooperating programs. All programs can be run locally or in client/server mode in which some run locally and some run remotely on compute clusters. The VisIt program most able to harness today's computing power is the VisIt compute engine. The compute engine is responsible for reading simulation data from disk, processing it, and sending results or images back to the VisIt viewer program. In a parallel environment, the compute engine runs several processes, coordinating using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Each MPI process reads some subset of the scientific data and filters the data in various ways to create useful visualizations. By using MPI, VisIt has been able to scale well into the thousands of processors on large computers such as dawn and graph at LLNL. The advent of multicore CPU's has made parallelism the 'new' way to achieve increasing performance. With today's computers having at least 2 cores and in many cases up to 8 and beyond, it is more important than ever to deploy parallel software that can use that computing power not only on clusters but also on the desktop. We have created a parallel version of VisIt for Windows that uses Microsoft's MPI implementation (MSMPI) to process data in parallel on the Windows desktop as well as on a Windows HPC cluster running Microsoft Windows Server 2008. Initial desktop parallel support for Windows was deployed in VisIt 2.4.0. Windows HPC cluster support has been completed and will appear in the VisIt 2.5.0 release. We plan to continue supporting parallel VisIt on Windows so our users will be able to take full advantage of their multicore resources.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
NASA NTRS1998

Parallel and Distributed System Simulation

This exploratory study initiated our research into the software infrastructure necessary to support the modeling and simulation techniques that are most appropriate for the Information Power Grid. Such computational power grids will use high-performance networking to connect hardware, software, instruments, databases, and people into a seamless web that supports a new generation of computation-rich problem solving environments for scientists and engineers. In this context we looked at evaluating the NetSolve software environment for network computing that leverages the potential of such systems while addressing their complexities. NetSolve's main purpose is to enable the creation of complex applications that harness the immense power of the grid, yet are simple to use and easy to deploy. NetSolve uses a modular, client-agent-server architecture to create a system that is very easy to use. Moreover, it is designed to be highly composable in that it readily permits new resources to be added by anyone willing to do so. In these respects NetSolve is to the Grid what the World Wide Web is to the Internet. But like the Web, the design that makes these wonderful features possible can also impose significant limitations on the performance and robustness of a NetSolve system. This project explored the design innovations that push the performance and robustness of the NetSolve paradigm as far as possible without sacrificing the Web-like ease of use and composability that make it so powerful.

Dongarra, Jack↗
DOE OSTI2011

Power Minimization techniques for Networked Data Centers.

Our objective is to develop a mathematical model to optimize energy consumption at multiple levels in networked data centers, and develop abstract algorithms to optimize not only individual servers, but also coordinate the energy consumption of clusters of servers within a data center and across geographically distributed data centers to minimize the overall energy cost and consumption of brown energy of an enterprise. In this project, we have formulated a variety of optimization models, some stochastic others deterministic, and have obtained a variety of qualitative results on the structural properties, robustness, and scalability of the optimal policies. We have also systematically derived from these models decentralized algorithms to optimize energy efficiency, analyzed their optimality and stability properties. Finally, we have conducted preliminary numerical simulations to illustrate the behavior of these algorithms. We draw the following conclusion. First, there is a substantial opportunity to minimize both the amount and the cost of electricity consumption in a network of datacenters, by exploiting the fact that traffic load, electricity cost, and availability of renewable generation fluctuate over time and across geographical locations. Judiciously matching these stochastic processes can optimize the tradeoff between brown energy consumption, electricity cost, and response time. Second, given the stochastic nature of these three processes, real-time dynamic feedback should form the core of any optimization strategy. The key is to develop decentralized algorithms that can be implemented at different parts of the network as simple, local algorithms that coordinate through asynchronous message passing.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA POWER: Providing Analysis-Ready, Cloud-Optimized Data for AI /ML Training and Applications in Earth Science

As global demand for sustainable development grows, the integration of Earth Observation (EO) data into decision making frameworks has become a primary objective for the scientific community. The NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (POWER) project serves as a bridge between NASA EO data and the specialized needs of the renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure and agroclimatology communities. In this poster presentation we will present an overview of POWER data products and services along with its use in diverse research to decision-making workflows. By providing over 40 years of high-resolution historical, hourly and daily solar and meteorological data, POWER transforms satellite observations and global model reanalysis into actionable, Analysis-Ready Dataset (ARD). Currently, the project delivers over 250 industry-friendly parameters to the users from different NASA datasets like CERES SYN1Deg, MERRA-2, and IMERG alongside downscaled CMIP6 climate model data, fulfilling over 16 million requests from 50,000 unique users monthly. To ensure data quality and traceability, these parameters are rigorously validated against the ground-based observations from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD) – these results will be discussed in the presentation. A newly introduced web-based PaRameter Uncertainty ViEwer (PRUVE) tool will be presented that provides an online validation platform to the users that benchmarks satellite-based and assimilation data products against these surface measurements. To reduce technical barriers to data adoption, POWER data is accessible through RESTful APIs, ESRI ArcGIS Image Services, a web-based Data Access Viewer tool, allowing users to visualize, validate and apply the dataset. For efficient data delivery POWER data is cloud-optimized into Zarr datastore accessible through NASA managed Amazon S3 ensures high-performance allowing users to integrate EO directly into operational pipelines. These customized services will be presented. Use cases from application will be presented from the energy sector - such as for design of generation systems, performance monitoring of solar power plants, in infrastructure sector- optimizing building energy efficiency and thermal comfort, in agriculture – such as driving crop simulation and yield forecasting models to enable climate resilient farming. Furthermore, the shift toward machine learning (ML) in EO research that has positioned POWER as a key provider for training datasets which will be discussed. Use-cases will be presented to showcase how NASA data is enabling the development of predictive tools for climate variability and resource management. The poster will present POWER’s future plans including technology development to enhance data traceability and reproducibility and improving I/O performance to support the rapid integration of new EO products, ensuring that POWER remains a robust scalable backend for the evolving landscape of AI-driven Earth Science. Additionally, POWER is developing an AI Agent and an MCP-Server to enable industry AI-Agentic workflows.

Neha Khadka↗
DOE OSTI2020

Constrained Deep Reinforcement Learning for Energy Sustainable Multi-UAV Based Random Access IoT Networks With NOMA

In this paper, we apply the Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique to improve the massive channel access of a wireless IoT network where solar-powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) relay data from IoT devices to remote servers. Specifically, IoT devices contend for accessing the shared wireless channel using an adaptive p-persistent slotted Aloha protocol; and the solar-powered UAVs adopt Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) to decode multiple received data from IoT devices to improve access efficiency. To enable an energy-sustainable capacity-optimal network, we study the joint problem of dynamic multi-UAV altitude control and multi-cell wireless channel access management of IoT devices as a stochastic control problem with multiple energy constraints. We first formulate this problem as a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP), and propose an online model-free Constrained Deep Reinforcement Learning (CDRL) algorithm based on Lagrangian primal-dual policy optimization to solve the CMDP. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed algorithm learns a cooperative policy in which the altitude of UAVs and channel access probability of IoT devices are dynamically controlled to attain the maximal long-term network capacity while ensuring energy sustainability of UAVs, outperforming baseline schemes. The proposed CDRL agent can be trained on a small network, yet the learned policy can efficiently manage networks with a massive number of IoT devices and varying initial states, which can amortize the cost of training the CDRL agent.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2020

IEEE 1547-2018 Based Interoperable PV Inverter with Advanced Grid-Support Functions

Grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) inverters has been increasing in the past decade. As a result of the uncertainties introduced with high penetrations of PV, better monitoring and control of the PV inverters becomes crucial for improving overall system stability. This paper focuses on the communications capability of the inverter controller and on enabling interoperability. Multiple standards are available to enable interoperability in PV inverters. In this paper, an interoperable controller, enabled by Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) communications protocols, is developed for a grid-connected, three-phase PV inverter. The DNP3 server for the PV inverter is programmed on the real-time layer of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based inverter controller. Set points for advanced inverter control functions, such as volt/VAr curves, ride-through curves, are sent from a DNP3 client, a simulated distribution management system application, to the PV inverter through DNP3. This communications capability of the inverter controller is validated using a controller-hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup. The code developed to achieve the interoperability is available in the public domain through open-source software licensing. This interoperability will enable smoother grid integration of smart PV inverters with advanced grid-support functions as well as allow better monitoring and control of PV inverters for grid stability.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗