Scientific applications of radio and radar tracking in the space program Conference proceedings
Radar and radio tracking applications in space program
Efron, L.↗
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AUTOFLOW enhancements for documentation and maintenance of scientific applications
The use of the AUTOFLOW system is discussed in terms of improving automated documentation. Flowcharts produced by AUTOFLOW are considered to be much more meaningful than those produced manually in that they are accurate, present complete references between all transfer points, and graphically portray the logical flow by automatic rearrangement of those segments of the program that interact.
Goetz, M. A.↗
Civil and scientific applications of the geoid
SEASAT-A can be used for determining the geoid to much higher accuracy on a world wide basis and in a relatively short time. Two basic objectives can be considered: (1) determination of the geoid to at least 1 meter. This accuracy will satisfy most geodetic requirements for applications purposes; and (2) determination of the geoid to better than 1-meter an oceanographic objective required for measurement of sea surface topography and sea slope, quasi-stationary departure from the geoid, ocean circulation, air and sea interaction, etc. The geodesy objective in this case will be to define a reference equipotential surface as a means by which the oceanographic requirements can be achieved.
Mourad, A. G.↗
Caltech/JPL Conference on Image Processing Technology, Data Sources and Software for Commercial and Scientific Applications
Recent advances in image processing and new applications are presented to the user community to stimulate the development and transfer of this technology to industrial and commercial applications. The Proceedings contains 37 papers and abstracts, including many illustrations (some in color) and provides a single reference source for the user community regarding the ordering and obtaining of NASA-developed image-processing software and science data.
Redmann, G. H.↗
Evaluation of RCA thinned buried channel charge-coupled devices /CCDs/ for scientific applications
An experimental version of a thinned illuminated buried-channel 512 x 320 pixel CCD with reduced amplifier input capacitance has been produced which is characterized by lower readout noise. Changes made to the amplifier are discussed, and readout noise measurements obtained by several different techniques are presented. The single energetic electron response of the CCD in the electron-bombarded mode and the single 5.9 keV X-ray pulse height distribution are reported. Results are also given on the dark current versus temperature and the spatial frequency response as a function of signal level.
Zucchino, P.↗
Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation - Data compression and scientific applications
The Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) experiment being built for the Cassini spacecraft will study a wide range of plasma and radio wave phenomena in the magnetosphere of Saturn and will also make valuable measurements during the cruise phase and at other encounters. A feature of data from wave receivers is the capability of producing vastly more data than the spacecraft telemetry link is capable of transmitting back to the Earth. Thus, techniques of on-board data compression and data reduction are important. The RPWS instrument has one processor dedicated to data compression tasks.
Woolliscroft, L. J. C.↗
Portable computing - A fielded interactive scientific application in a small off-the-shelf package
Experience with the design and implementation of a portable computing system for STS crew-conducted science is discussed. Principal-Investigator-in-a-Box (PI) will help the SLS-2 astronauts perform vestibular (human orientation system) experiments in flight. PI is an interactive system that provides data acquisition and analysis, experiment step rescheduling, and various other forms of reasoning to astronaut users. The hardware architecture of PI consists of a computer and an analog interface box. 'Off-the-shelf' equipment is employed in the system wherever possible in an effort to use widely available tools and then to add custom functionality and application codes to them. Other projects which can help prospective teams to learn more about portable computing in space are also discussed.
Groleau, Nicolas↗
Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation: Data compression and scientific applications
The Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) experiment being built for the Cassini spacecraft will study a wide range of plasma and radio wave phenomena in the magnetosphere of Saturn and will also make valuable measurements during the cruise phase and at other encounters. A feature of data from wave receivers is the capability of producing vastly more data than the spacecraft telemetry link is capable of transmitting back to the Earth. Thus, techniques of on-board data compression and data reduction are important. The RPWS instrument has one processor dedicated to data compression tasks.
Woolliscroft, L. J. C.↗
An Open Simulation System Model for Scientific Applications
A model for a generic and open environment for running multi-code or multi-application simulations - called the open Simulation System Model (OSSM) - is proposed and defined. This model attempts to meet the requirements of complex systems like the Numerical Propulsion Simulator System (NPSS). OSSM places no restrictions on the types of applications that can be integrated at any state of its evolution. This includes applications of different disciplines, fidelities, etc. An implementation strategy is proposed that starts with a basic prototype, and evolves over time to accommodate an increasing number of applications. Potential (standard) software is also identified which may aid in the design and implementation of the system.
Williams, Anthony D.↗
Developing CORBA-Based Distributed Scientific Applications From Legacy Fortran Programs
An efficient methodology is presented for integrating legacy applications written in Fortran into a distributed object framework. Issues and strategies regarding the conversion and decomposition of Fortran codes into Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) objects are discussed. Fortran codes are modified as little as possible as they are decomposed into modules and wrapped as objects. A new conversion tool takes the Fortran application as input and generates the C/C++ header file and Interface Definition Language (IDL) file. In addition, the performance of the client server computing is evaluated.
Sang, Janche↗
The Automatic Parallelisation of Scientific Application Codes Using a Computer Aided Parallelisation Toolkit
The shared-memory programming model is a very effective way to achieve parallelism on shared memory parallel computers. Historically, the lack of a programming standard for using directives and the rather limited performance due to scalability have affected the take-up of this programming model approach. Significant progress has been made in hardware and software technologies, as a result the performance of parallel programs with compiler directives has also made improvements. The introduction of an industrial standard for shared-memory programming with directives, OpenMP, has also addressed the issue of portability. In this study, we have extended the computer aided parallelization toolkit (developed at the University of Greenwich), to automatically generate OpenMP based parallel programs with nominal user assistance. We outline the way in which loop types are categorized and how efficient OpenMP directives can be defined and placed using the in-depth interprocedural analysis that is carried out by the toolkit. We also discuss the application of the toolkit on the NAS Parallel Benchmarks and a number of real-world application codes. This work not only demonstrates the great potential of using the toolkit to quickly parallelize serial programs but also the good performance achievable on up to 300 processors for hybrid message passing and directive-based parallelizations.
Ierotheou, C.↗
Performance Evaluation of Three Distributed Computing Environments for Scientific Applications
We present performance results for three distributed computing environments using the three simulated CFD applications in the NAS Parallel Benchmark suite. These environments are the DCF cluster, the LACE cluster, and an Intel iPSC/860 machine. The DCF is a prototypic cluster of loosely coupled SGI R3000 machines connected by Ethernet. The LACE cluster is a tightly coupled cluster of 32 IBM RS6000/560 machines connected by Ethernet as well as by either FDDI or an IBM Allnode switch. Results of several parallel algorithms for the three simulated applications are presented and analyzed based on the interplay between the communication requirements of an algorithm and the characteristics of the communication network of a distributed system.
Fatoohi, Rod↗
High Performance Databases For Scientific Applications
The goal for this task is to develop an Extensible File System (ELFS). ELFS attacks the problem of the following: 1. Providing high bandwidth performance architectures; 2. Reducing the cognitive burden faced by applications programmers when they attempt to optimize; and 3. Seamlessly managing the proliferation of data formats and architectural differences. The approach for ELFS solution consists of language and run-time system support that permits the specification on a hierarchy of file classes.
French, James C.↗
Scatterometer missions and scientific applications
The principles of scatterometry and the scatterometer missions are summarized. Future scatterometer technology is also discussed.
scatterometer winds remote sensing hurricanes rain↗
New Directions in Earth Observing: Scientific Applications of Multi-Angle Remote Sensing
The physical interpretation of simultaneous multi-angle observations represents a relatively new approach to remote sensing of terrestrial geophysical and biophysical parameters.
multi-angle remote sensing↗
Applying Fortran 90 and Object-Oriented Techniques to Scientific Applications
High-performance parallel computing is having a profound impact on the size and complexity of physical problems which can be modeled. This impact has been a long time in coming, because the learning curve in adapting to this new world of computing is steeper than was imagined.
Fortran 90 parallel computing C++↗
Scientific Applications of GPS on Low Earth Orbiters
The GPS flight experiment on TOPEX/Poseidon marks the first opportunity to demonstrate the high accuracy and cost effectiveness of GPS-based precise orbit determination for low Earth Orbiters. One year into the experiment, GPS has delivered orbit accuracies surpassing the best of the conventional groundbased tracking systems, DORIS and satellite laser ranging, and at a far lower cost.
altitude accuracies↗
Scientific applications of GNSS: could Galileo really make a difference
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terrestrial reference frame↗