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At least 37 records · Page 2

Terra and Aqua MODIS Instrument Performance

Since launch, Terra and Aqua MODIS have produced an unprecedentedly large amount of high quality data products and supported a broad range of applications by the remote sensing science community and users worldwide. Constant and dedicated efforts have been made to continue instrument normal operation, to monitor and characterize changes in sensor responses, and to update calibration parameters to maintain the quality of MODIS data products. This paper provides an overview of instrument operation and calibration activities, and performance. On-orbit changes in sensor responses are illustrated. Also discussed are challenging issues, calibration strategies, and future efforts.

Xiong, X.

Landsat Data Continuity Mission Expected Instrument Performance

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is scheduled for a December 2012 launch date. LDCM is being managed by an interagency partnership between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In order to provide the necessary spectral coverage of the visible through shortwave-infrared (SWIR) and the thermal-infrared (TIR), the satellite will carry two sensors. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) will collect data for nine visible to shortwave spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m (with a 15 m panchromatic band). The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) will collect coincident image data for two TIR bands with a spatial resolution of 100 m. The OLI is fully assembled and tested and has been shipped by it's manufacturer, Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, to the Orbital Sciences Corporation (Orbital) facility where it is being integrated onto the LDCM spacecraft. Pre-launch testing indicates that OLI will meet all performance specification with margin. TIRS is in development at the NASA Goddard Space F!ight Center (GSFC) and is in final testing before shipping to the Orbital facility in January, 2012. The presentation will describe the LDCM satellite instrument systems, present pre-launch performance data for OLI and TIRS, and present simulated images to highlight notable features and expected imaging performance.

Dabney, Philip W.

The effect of instrument performance upon the calculated spectrum from a spaceborne IR interferometer

The data processing equations used to transform an interferometer output signal into a spectrum have been applied to the instrument noise to find the relationship between the signal to noise ratio (S/N) in the interferogram and that in the computed spectrum. Both photon and thermal noises have been taken into account. The results show that the voltage S/N in the spectrum is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of samples so that taking a larger number of samples requires a larger S/N in the interferogram to achieve the same S/N in the spectrum. Numerical examples are given relating the exposure time to design and performance parameters for stellar and atmospheric applications.

James, D. A.

Surface science insight note: Optimizing XPS instrument performance for quantification of spectra

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides quantitative information from photoemission peaks and shapes observed within the background due to the inelastic scattering of photoelectrons. To quantify the signal, both photoemission peaks and background in spectra must be adjusted for instrumental transmission variations that are a consequence of changes in efficiency when recording electrons with different kinetic energy. While it is generally assumed that correcting spectroscopic data for transmission is a necessary part of quantification by XPS, there are consequences for the quantification of spectra measured using an instrument for which transmission has significant curvature. In this Insight, the implications of curvature in transmission characteristics are discussed and a method based on XPS microscopy is proposed that ensures the transmission response of an instrument is free from significant curvature. An example of an instrument for which a flat transmission response is presented is achieved through collecting spectra using lens modes designed to measure stigmatic images.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH

LANDSAT 9: Mission Status and Prelaunch Instrument Performance Characterization and Calibration

Landsat 9 is currently under development as a joint effort between NASA and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat 9 is largely a rebuild of Landsat 8 and has the same two sensors, an Operational Land Imager (OLI) and a Thermal InfraRed Sensor(TIRS). The OLI-2 on Landsat 9, being built by Ball Aerospace, has completed its pre-launch characterization and calibration and is scheduled to be delivered in the summer of 2019. The TIRS-2, with improved stray light performance and increased redundancy for improved reliability, is being built by Goddard Space Flight Center. TIRS-2is undergoing testing through Spring 2019 and is also scheduled for summer2019 delivery. Several improvements to the characterization of both instruments have been incorporated into the testing plan, including improved spectral and radiometric characterization. The instruments will then be integrated onto the spacecraft being built by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS). The mission is targeted to launch as early as December 2020 on an Atlas V.

Landsat

The Ocean Color Instrument Performance Summary

Overview: 1. Calibration equation, GSD, IFOV, FoR, B2B registration 2. Center wavelengths, spectral sampling, OOB 3. SNR, RVS, polarization, linearity 4. Straylight/crosstalk, temperature sensitivity 5. Striping, absolute gain, Gain trending, spectral on-orbit trending (measurements during tilt) 6. SWIR band hysteresis correction, SPCA measurements

PACE

Analysis of a magnetically suspended, high-performance instrument pointing system

This paper describes a highly accurate auxiliary instrument pointing system which can provide fine pointing for a variety of solar-, stellar-, and Earth-viewing scientific instruments during extended space shuttle orbital missions. This system, called the Annular Suspension and Pointing System (ASPS), consists of pointing assemblies for coarse and vernier pointing. The 'coarse' assembly is attached to the spacecraft (e.g., the space shuttle) and consists of an elevation gimbal and a lateral gimbal to provide coarse pointing. The vernier pointing assembly consists of the payload instrument mounted on a plate around which is attached a continuous annular rim. The vernier assembly is suspended in the lateral gimbal using magnetic actuators which provide rim suspension forces and fine pointing torques. A detailed linearized mathematical model is developed for the ASPS/space shuttle system, and control laws and payload attitude state estimators are designed. Statistical pointing performance is predicted in the presence of stochastic disturbances such as crew motion, sensor noise, and actuator noise.

Joshi, S. M.

Landsat 9: Mission Status and Prelaunch Instrument Performance Characterization and Calibration

Landsat 9 is currently under development as a joint effort between NASA and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat 9 is essentially a rebuild of Landsat 8 and has the same two sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Imaging Sensor (TIRS). The OLI-2 on Landsat 9, is being built by Ball Aerospace and has completed its pre-launch characterization and calibration and is scheduled to be delivered in the summer of 2019. The TIRS-2, being built by Goddard Space Flight Center, is currently undergoing testing through Spring 2019 and also scheduled for summer 2019 delivery. Several improvements to the characterization of both instruments have been incorporated into the testing plan, including improved spectral and radiometric characterization. The instruments will then be integrated onto the spacecraft being built by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS). The mission is targeted to launch as early as December 2020 on an Atlas-5.

Markham, Brian

Landsat 9: Mission Status and Prelaunch Instrument Performance Characterization and Calibration

Landsat 9 is currently under development as a joint effort between NASA and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Landsat 9 is essentially a rebuild of Landsat 8 and has the same two sensors, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Imaging Sensor (TIRS). The OLI-2 on Landsat 9, is being built by Ball Aerospace and has completed its pre-launch characterization and calibration and is scheduled to be delivered in the summer of 2019. The TIRS-2, being built by Goddard Space Flight Center, is currently undergoing testing through Spring 2019 and also scheduled for summer 2019 delivery. Several improvements to the characterization of both instruments have been incorporated into the testing plan, including improved spectral and radiometric characterization. The instruments will then be integrated onto the spacecraft being built by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems (NGIS). The mission is targeted to launch as early as December 2020 on an Atlas-5.

Markham, Brian

Instrument Performance of GISMO, a 2 Millimeter TES Bolometer Camera used at the IRAM 30 m Telescope

In November of 2007 we demonstrated a monolithic Backshort-Under-Grid (BUG) 8x16 array in the field using our 2 mm wavelength imager GISMO (Goddard IRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer) at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain for astronomical observations. The 2 mm spectral range provides a unique terrestrial window enabling ground-based observations of the earliest active dusty galaxies in the universe and thereby allowing a better constraint on the star formation rate in these objects. The optical design incorporates a 100 mm diameter silicon lens cooled to 4 K, which provides the required fast beam yielding 0.9 lambda/D pixels. With this spatial sampling, GISMO will be very efficient at detecting sources serendipitously in large sky surveys, while the capability for diffraction limited imaging is preserved. The camera provides significantly greater detection sensitivity and mapping speed at this wavelength than has previously been possible. The instrument will fill in the spectral energy distribution of high redshift galaxies at the Rayleigh-Jeans part of the dust emission spectrum, even at the highest redshifts. Here1 will we present early results from our observing run with the first fielded BUG bolometer array. We have developed key technologies to enable highly versatile, kilopixel, infrared through millimeter wavelength bolometer arrays. The Backshort-Under-Grid (BUG) array consists of three components: 1) a transition-edge-sensor (TES) based bolometer array with background-limited sensitivity and high filling factor, 2) a quarter-wave reflective backshort grid providing high optical efficiency, and 3) a superconducting bump-bonded large format Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) multiplexer readout. The array is described in more detail elsewhere (Allen et al., this conference). In November of 2007 we demonstrated a monolithic 8x 16 array with 2 mm-pitch detectors in the field using our 2 mm wavelength imager GISMO (Goddard IRAM Superconducting 2 Millimeter Observer) at the IRAM 30 m telescope in Spain for astronomical observations. The 2 mm spectral range provides a unique terrestrial window enabling ground-based observations of the earliest active dusty galaxies in the universe and thereby allowing a better constraint on the star formation rate in these objects. The optical design incorporates a 100 mm diameter silicon lens cooled to 4 K, which provides the required fast beam yielding 0.9 lambda1D pixels. With this spatial sampling, GISMO will be very efficient at detecting sources serendipitously in large sky surveys, while the capability for diffraction limited imaging is preserved. The camera provides significantly greater detection sensitivity and mapping speed at this wavelength than has previously been possible. The instrument will fill in the spectral energy distribution of high redshift galaxies at the Rayleigh-Jeans part of the dust emission spectrum, even at the highest redshifts. Here I will we present early results from our observing run with the first fielded BUG bolometer array.

Staguhn, Johannes

Instrument Performance of Airs

AIRS, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on the Earth Observing System (EOS) PM spacecraft, is an infrared radiometer which covers the 3.7-15.4 micron spectral range with spectral resolving power better than 1000.

infrared spectrometer remote sensing Earth observi

LISA Instrument Performance

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is designed to observe gravitational waves in the frequency band from 10(exp -1) to 10(exp -4) Hz where a rich spectrum of sources is expected. The measurements must be made from space to avoid the large motions of the earth that prevent the current generations (eg. LIGO) from operating at these freq8uencies. The technology and expected performance behind this measurement capability will be reviewed with an emphasis on the interferometric measurement system., including recent laboratory results showing a novel tunable frequency stabilized laser.

Livas, Jeffrey C.

Enabling High Performance Instruments for UV Astronomy and Space Exploration with ALD

Benefits of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for UV instruments and application are: (1) Ultrathin, highly conformal, and uniform films over arbitrarily large surface area (2) High quality films (density, roughness, conductivity, etc.) (3) Angstrom level control of stoichiometry, interfaces, and surface properties (3a) Multilayer nanolaminates/nanocomposites (3b) Low temperature surface engineering UV flight applications enabled by ALD. (1) Anti -reflective coatings/Mirrors/Filters/Optics for UV/Vis/NIR Detectors (2) Surface Passivation for III -N detectors

quantum efficiency

Enabling High Performance Instruments for Astronomy and Space Exploration and ALD

Benefits of ALD for NASA instruments and applications: a) Ultrathin, highly conformal, and uniform films over arbitrarily large surface area. b). High quality films (density, roughness, conductivity, etc.) . Angstrom level control of stoichiometry, interfaces, and surface properties: 1) Multilayer nanolaminates/nanocomposites. 2) Low temperature surface engineering. Flight applications enabled by ALD: a) Anti-reflective coatings/Mirrors/Filters/Optics for UV/Vis/NIR Detectors. b) Superconducting Films for Submillimeter Astronomy.

Anti?reflective coatings