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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1993

High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of the supernova remnant N132D

A joint nonequilibrium ionization analysis of spectral data from the Einstein Observatory of the SNR N132D in the LMC is presented on the basis of data from the Focal Plane Crystal Spectrometer (FPCS) and the Solid State Spectrometer (SSS), and lower spectral resolution data from the IPC and the Monitor Proportional Counter (MPC). The FPCS detected individual emission lines of O VII, O VIII, Ne IX, Ne X, Fe XVII, and possibly Fe XX. Measured line widths for the oxygen lines suggest Doppler broadening that is roughly consistent with optically measured expansion velocities of 2250 km/s. At the SSS/IPC temperature, FPCS flux ratios constrain the O/Fe abundance to be at least 1.9 times its solar value and the O/Ne abundance to be 0.2-1.0 times its solar value. Models for remnants with progenitor masses of 20 and 25 solar masses are completely consistent with the data, while remnants with progenitor masses of 13 and 15 solar masses can be made consistent if the progenitors are required to eject a large fraction of their iron cores.

Hwang, Una↗
NASA NTRS2011

Analysis of Oxygen Spectral Lines in the 1.27 Micron Band for the ASCENDS Mission

The ASCENDS mission requires simultaneous laser remote sensing of CO2 and O2 in order to convert CO2 column number densities to average column CO2 mixing ratios (XCO2). As such, the CO2 column number density and the O2 column number density will be utilized to derive the average XCO2 column. NASA Langley Research Center, working with its partners, is developing O2 lidar technology in the 1.26-1.27- m band for surface pressure measurements. The O2 model optical depth calculation is very sensitive to knowledge of the transmitted wavelengths and to the choice of Voigt input parameters. Modeling using the HITRAN database is being carried out to establish the evolution of candidate O2 absorption lines as a function of atmospheric parameters such as altitude, temperature, and pressure. Preliminary results indicate limitations of the Voigt profile and the need to utilize more advanced models which take into account line mixing, line narrowing, and speed dependence. In this paper, we evaluate alternative lineshape models to establish the optimum lineshapes which better account for the variability of individual O2 absorption lines at various atmospheric conditions. The combination of our modeling efforts with accurate laboratory measurements is anticipated to aid in achieving the desired CO2 mixing ratio measurement accuracy requirement of for the ASCENDS mission.

Pliutau, Denis↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Comparison between Hayabusa 2 Spectral Measurements and Simulations

This paper compares recent Hayabusa 2 spectral measurements with state-of-the-art shock-layer radiation simulations resulting from the LAURA/HARA code suite. These simulations include coupled ablation, which accounts for the injection of ablation products into the flowfield, and coupled radiation, which accounts for radiative energy loss in the flowfield. To enable the coupled ablation simulations, a best-estimate model is developed for Hayabusa’s carbon-phenolic ablator, based on the limited available published information. The comparison between the simulations and measurements focuses on two atomic nitrogen lines and two atomic oxygen lines, as well as the CN Violet band system. For the atomic lines, the measurements and simulations agree within 25% over most of the trajectory. This excellent agreement is unprecedented for observed radiation measurements of atomic lines, where previous Stardust and Hayabusa 1 comparisons were significantly worse. The improved agreement for these Hayabusa 2 comparisons is both the result of improved measurement quality and enhanced flowfield/radiation modeling. To provide a link between these observed radiation measurements and the radiative heating to a vehicle surface, the recently developed flowfield property binning approach is used to identify flowfield properties that provide the dominant emission contribution to the measured spectrum. These identified flowfield properties are then shown to match those for the surface radiative heating to the currently developed Mars Sample Return (MSR) Earth Entry System (EES) at a specific trajectory point and surface location. This matching of flowfield properties indicates that this EES radiative heating and Hayabusa 2 observed radiation simulations are equivalent radiation problems. Therefore, the excellent agreement between Hayabusa 2 measurements and simulations may be leveraged to inform the radiation heating margin for the MSR EES.

Christopher O Johnston↗
NASA NTRS1991

The spectrum of Comet Austin from 910 to 1180 A

A spectrum of Comet Austin (1988 c1) has been obtained from 910 to 1180 A. Three bright emission lines were detected, including a forbidden oxygen line (1128 A), which are attributable to radiative pumping of neutral oxygen by solar Lyman-beta. The relative strengths of the observed features should prove to be a useful diagnostic of the physical conditions and radiation fields in cometary comae. In addition, the absence of strong spectral features from highly volatile species such as He, Ar, or N2 can be used to place constraints on the thermal environment under which the comet was formed and has been processed.

Green, James C.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Measurement of Oxygen A Band Line Parameters by Using Modulation Spectroscopy with Higher Harmonic Detection

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that extremely weak absorption lines can be measured even when these lines suffer from interference from the wings of adjacent stronger lines. It is shown that the use of detection at several harmonics allows such interference to be examined clearly and conveniently. The results of experimental measurements on a weak magnetic dipole driven, spin-forbidden line in the oxygen A band, which experiences interference from the wings of a pair of adjacent lines towards the blue and red regions of line center, are presented. A comparison of the experimental results to theory is given.

Dharamsi, Amin↗
NASA NTRS1973

Photodissociation continuums of N2 and O2.

Dissociation continuum cross sections for N2 and O2 have been determined from previously measured total absorption and ionization cross sections. Several dissociation continuums were found for each molecule. Some of these continuums were attributed to specific dissociation products in which the dissociation products are in excited states. The upper-atmosphere emission rates resulting from these photodissociative excitation processes have been calculated for the N I 10,400-A and O I 1356-A lines. The results indicate, particularly for the oxygen line, that these photodissociative processes may be important in the dayglow.

Cook, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

The red and green lines of atomic oxygen in the nightglow of Venus

O(1D) and O(1S), the excited states that give rise to the atomic oxygen red and green lines, are produced in the Venus nightglow in dissociative recombination of O2(+). The emissions should also be excited by precipitation of soft electrons, the suggested source of the 'auroral' emission features of atomic oxygen at 1304 and 1356 A, which have been reported from observations of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Ultraviolet Spectrometer. No emisison at 6300 or 5577 A was detected, however, by the visible spectrophotometers on the Soviet spacecraft Veneras 9 and 10; upper limits have been placed on the intensities of these features. The constraints placed on models for the auroral production mechanism by the Venera upper limits by modeling the intensities of the red and green lines in the nightglow are evaluated, combining a model for the vibrational distribution of O2(+) on the nightside of Venus with rate coefficients recently computed by Guberman for production of O(1S) and O(1D) in dissociative recombination of O2(+) from different vibrational levels. The integrated overhead intensities are 1 - 2 R for the green line and about 46 R for the red line.

Fox, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Observations of 1-30 MeV gamma rays from the galactic center

Preliminary results are reported for gamma ray observations of the galactic center region made during a 15-hour balloon flight from Alice Springs, Australia on April 18, 1979. The observations were carried out with the UGR double-scatter gamma-ray telescope at energies of 1 to 30 MeV. The observations are compatible with a galactic source of approximately equal brightness along the region of system II galactic longitudes between 300 and 60 deg. The energy distribution joins smoothly to previous spark chamber results at energies above 30 MeV and to scintillator results below 1 MeV. It appears to be a combination of nuclear gamma ray lines superimposed on a power-law bremsstrahlung spectrum. The metastable C-12 line at 4.4 MeV appears to be present with a significance of about 16 standard deviations. The flux in the line is 0.0006 + or - 0.0003 photons/sq cm per sec per rad. The oxygen line at 6.1 MeV does not seem to appear significantly above background.

Zanrosso, E.↗
NASA NTRS2014

The 2011 Outburst of Recurrent Nova T Pyx: X-Ray Observations Expose the White Dwarf Mass and Ejection Dynamics

The recurrent nova T Pyx underwent its sixth historical outburst in 2011, and became the subject of an intensive multi-wavelength observational campaign.We analyze data from the Swift and Suzaku satellites to produce a detailed X-ray light curve augmented by epochs of spectral information. X-ray observations yield mostly non-detections in the first four months of outburst, but both a super-soft and hard X-ray component rise rapidly after Day 115. The super-soft X-ray component, attributable to the photosphere of the nuclear-burning white dwarf, is relatively cool (approximately 45 electron volts) and implies that the white dwarf in T Pyx is significantly below the Chandrasekhar mass (approximately 1 M). The late turn-on time of the super-soft component yields a large nova ejecta mass (approximately greater than 10(exp −5) solar mass), consistent with estimates at other wavelengths. The hard X-ray component is well fit by a approximately 1 kiloelectron volt thermal plasma, and is attributed to shocks internal to the 2011 nova ejecta. The presence of a strong oxygen line in this thermal plasma on Day 194 requires a significantly super-solar abundance of oxygen and implies that the ejecta are polluted by white dwarf material. The X-ray light curve can be explained by a dual-phase ejection, with a significant delay between the first and second ejection phases, and the second ejection finally released two months after outburst. A delayed ejection is consistent with optical and radio observations of T Pyx, but the physical mechanism producing such a delay remains a mystery.

nova T Pyx↗
NASA NTRS1986

CNO abundances of some field horizontal-branch and Population I A stars

From observations of infrared lines, oxygen and nitrogen abundances of the prototype field horizontal-branch stars HD 109995 and HD 161817, the somewhat similar star HD 64488, and the sharp-lined Population I A stars Theta Leo and HR 6559 have been obtained, as well as carbon abundances of HD 161817 and Theta Leo. The results for HD 161817 may be in accord with the predictions of Sweigart and Mengel (1979) for dredge-up during the previous red-giant stage if the non-LTE effects for the O I lines have been properly accounted for, and those for the C I and N I lines are small. This star and HD 109995 are apparently both oxygen and nitrogen poor to the same degree although their iron abundances differ by 0.3 dex.

Adelman, S. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The detection of the 5577.3 A forbidden line of O I in comets

The spectral synthesis of C2 Swan band sequence Delta V = -1 indicates the intensity of the forbidden green oxygen line of 5577.3 A to be about 3 to 5 percent of the 6300 A line. Therefore, it appears that the green line should be observable in high-resolution spectra of a bright comet. Festou and Feldman suggest red/green greater than or equal to 10 means a water parent origin.

Krishna Swamy, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Telluric lines in the region lambda lambda 6327.5-6330.0 angstrom angstrom

The solar spectrum region lambda lambda 6327.5 to 6330.0 AA was investigated. Six new telluric lines were found. The behavior of two of them (lambda 6328.51 and lambda 6328.71 A) is the same as identified molecular oxygen lines in the region. The lines lambda 6328.27, 6329.12, and 6329.29 A are more intensive when there are days with high humidity.

Alikayeva, K. V.↗