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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Calibration of a compact ASIC-based data acquisition system for neutron/$γ$ discrimination and spectroscopy with organic scintillators

Segmented neutron detectors that use silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are receiving significant attention in nuclear security applications. Some of these detectors employ hundreds of channels and would therefore benefit from the use of high-channel-density and low-cost-per-channel data acquisition (DAQ) systems. Candidate DAQ systems that meet these requirements exist, but few perform full waveform digitization, which permits neutron and gamma-ray interaction discrimination via pulse shape. In this work, we study the performance of the TOFPET2 (PETsys Electronics), an ASIC-based DAQ designed for positron emission tomography, which has been adapted to provide sensitivity to pulse shape by the use of variable-period charge integration. We use a light-emitting diode to calibrate a combination of an ON Semiconductor (SensL) 60035-64P J-Series SiPM and TOPFET2 DAQ and evaluate the linearity of their response and dynamic range. Here, the calibration curve was obtained by comparing the DAQ response to that measured with a photodiode interfaced with a traditional waveform digitizer. This calibration process was used for rudimentary spectroscopy of various neutron and sources.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass Topical Group Summary Report: IF04 -- Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems

A trend for future high energy physics experiments is an increase in the data bandwidth produced from the detectors. Datasets of the Petabyte scale have already become the norm, and the requirements of future experiments -- greater in size, exposure, and complexity -- will further push the limits of data acquisition technologies to data rates of exabytes per seconds. The challenge for these future data-intensive physics facilities lies in the reduction of the flow of data through a combination of sophisticated event selection in the form of high-performance triggers and improved data representation through compression and calculation of high-level quantities. These tasks must be performed with low-latency (i.e. in real-time) and often in extreme environments including high radiation, high magnetic fields, and cryogenic temperatures.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass Topical Group Summary Report: IF04 -- Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems

A trend for future high energy physics experiments is an increase in the data bandwidth produced from the detectors. Datasets of the Petabyte scale have already become the norm, and the requirements of future experiments -- greater in size, exposure, and complexity -- will further push the limits of data acquisition technologies to data rates of exabytes per seconds. The challenge for these future data-intensive physics facilities lies in the reduction of the flow of data through a combination of sophisticated event selection in the form of high-performance triggers and improved data representation through compression and calculation of high-level quantities. These tasks must be performed with low-latency (i.e. in real-time) and often in extreme environments including high radiation, high magnetic fields, and cryogenic temperatures.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Implementation of a High-Speed Multichannel Data Acquisition System for Magnetic Diagnostics and Plasma Centroid Position Control in ISTTOK

In tokamak and other fusion devices, magnetic control is the main tool that allows to regulate the plasma current, position and shape; it is in charge of actuating the desired plasma current waveform, steering the plasma position to a given set point and maintain the plasma shape close to a prescribed plasma equilibrium. This work describes the application of several physics concepts and computational tools in order to obtain a novel optimal controller for the plasma centroid position, which has been implemented and tested in the real-time plasma control system at the ISTTOK tokamak. A key point for the development of the new control system was the installation of a recently upgraded hardware, that numerically integrates in real-time the magnetic probes signals.

poloidal field coils↗
DOE OSTI2023

Commissioning of the Mu2e Data AcQuisition System and the Vertical Slice Test of the Straw Tracker

The report discusses the commissioning of the DAQ system of the Mu2e experiment. We studied how the tracker works and especially the tracker readout. We used a generator to send pulses and we tried to understand the output and non-output of the DTC, in order to validate the event and run format and all the failure modes. In section one, we describe Charged Lepton Flavour Violation, the main purpose of Mu2e, in section two we describe Mu2e experiment. Section three presents the tracker description and readout, meanwhile section four the DAQ system and event building. In section five, we start explaining the analysis we have done on events and all the failure modes we discovered. In section six, we have done an analysis of the logger and boardreader rate, we validated the generator frequency in section seven and studied the number of hits in function of the channel number in section eight. To conclude we investigated the channel to channel time differences in section nine and in section ten we explain our Monte Carlo simulation, reproducing ROCs readout.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Software and Hardware Development for the Mu2e Trigger and Data Acquisition System

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will be 10,000 times more sensitive than previous experiments looking for muon-to-electron conversion. This precise and complex experimental apparatus will produce 200 million billion muons per year. The accelerator complex repurposes elements of the infrastructure that produced high energy proton and anti-protons beams for the Tevatron experiments to produce the high-intensity muon beams necessary for Mu2e and the Muon (g-2) experiments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

DOE Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge: Development, Metrics, and Early Field Observations

Space heating in residential buildings is a major contributor of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. New, advanced electric heat pumps are poised to provide a low carbon alternative to traditional fossil-based heating, especially in colder climates. Widespread deployment of cold climate heat pumps could help address the significant portion of building emissions and primary energy used in American households, but these gains will require broader acceptance from consumers and decision makers. As part of the “Energy, Emissions, and Equity” (E3) initiative, the U.S. Department of Energy launched the Cold Climate Heat Pump Challenge (CCHP) in 2021 to accelerate the deployment of the next generation of air source heat pumps. The Challenge is currently focused on residential, centrally ducted, electric heat pumps, with a nominal cooling capacity greater than or equal to 24,000 Btu/h (2 tons) and less than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h (5 tons). The Challenge specifications represent a best-in-class heat pump product that provides high-efficiency heating performance in cold climates, employs environmentally friendly low-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants, and is designed to be grid interactive. Spearheaded by DOE in partnership with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), the CCHP Challenge brings together numerous major heat pump manufacturers and key stakeholders including utilities and state agencies across the country. In addition to performance testing in a laboratory environment, a key component of this research is evaluating the in-field performance of the prototype heat pumps developed as part of the Challenge. This paper will discuss the development of the CCHP Challenge, key performance specifications, and the energy and non-energy metrics that will be evaluated through the field study. The types of data that are being collected from the units installed in homes across North America as part of the field validation will be described, including details about the sensors and data acquisition system. Data cleaning and analysis methodologies will be discussed, along with early observations from the winter 2022-2023, spring and summer performance periods, and an assessment of non-energy metrics through pre- and post-installation homeowner surveys. Challenges uncovered and lessons learned throughout the process will also be discussed. Finally, the paper will discuss next steps for the second winter assessment period, areas needing additional research, and potential applications of the data collected and analyzed through this work.

Mendon, Vrushali V.↗
DOE OSTI2023

ESnet/JLab FPGA Accelerated Transport

To increase the science rate for high data rates/volumes, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) has partnered with Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) to define an edge to data center traffic shaping / steering transport capability featuring data event aware network shaping and forwarding. The keystone of this ESnet+JLab FPGA Accelerated Transport (EJFAT) is the joint development of an AI/ML directed dynamic compute work Load Balancer (LB) of UDP streamed data. The LB is a suite consisting of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) executing the dynamically configurable, low fixed latency LB data plane featuring real-time packet redirection and high throughput, and a control plane running on the FPGA host computer that monitors network and compute farm telemetry in order to make dynamic AI/ML guided decisions for destination compute host redirection/load balancing and destination resource provisioning. The LB provides for three-tier horizontal scaling across LB suites, core compute hosts, and CPUs within a host. The LB effectively provides seamless integration of edge/core computing to support direct experimental data processing for immediate use by JLab science programs and others such as the EIC as well as data centers of the future requiring high throughput and low latency for both hot and cooled data for both running experiment data acquisition systems and data center use cases.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Chemistry imaging and distribution analysis of rare earth elements in coal using LIBS and LA-ICP-MS instruments

Currently, demand for rare earth elements (REEs) increased significantly. Coal is actively evaluated as potential economic sources for extraction of REEs. Here, in this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was evaluated for rapid estimation of REEs content and their distribution in the natural coal samples. The results were compared with similar laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) measurements. Thirteen coal samples (nine standard samples and five natural samples) were used in this study. Powder samples were pressed into pellets while coal chunks were directly ablated for data recording. Pellets of the powder standard samples were used to optimize the data acquisition system and then data recorded with this optimized system was used to identify the proper data acquisition and analysis models. After establishing the proper data acquisition system and analysis model using the standard samples, natural coal samples in powder form and their chunks were utilized to record LIBS and LA-ICP-MS spectra. Multivariate calibration models were developed using four of the natural samples, which were evaluated by predicting the REE content in the fifth sample. Principal component analysis was performed on the LIBS data obtained from the natural samples and it classified all the samples with high accuracy. Two-dimensional (2D) elemental mapping on coal chunk samples was also performed using both LIBS and LA-ICP-MS to study the distribution of REEs in the samples. The resulting elemental images and their correlations can be used to infer mineral distributions.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Idaho National Laboratory Data Acquisition And Processing System

The INLDAS data acquisition and processing system is designed to develop prototype measurements and real-time processing techniques. The INLDAS hardware and firmware currently consists of National Instruments • NI-DAQmx 14.1 • cDAQ-9184 • 9205 • 9211 INLDAS can perform of standard data acquisition functions as well as novel functions and real-time processing algorithms. There are 3 acquisition modes to choose from: • Continuous mode runs when the user hits start, processing data and logging it to file • SWTrigger mode waits for one or more predefined triggers before acquiring data. It will buffer data as well, so it can record data that happened shortly before the trigger • Wakeup mode waits on predefined timers. When a time goes off, it acquires a preset amount of data There are also 3 Data Processing Modes • Normal mode does no processing besides the rolling average • FFT Mode Performs an FFT on incoming data every time the time window has elapsed • STFFT mode

Smith, JamesA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) Field Campaign Report

The scientific focus here is interagency collaboration to support a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-sponsored 2023 field campaign: Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS). IMPACTS objectives are to provide observations critical to understanding the mechanisms of snowband formation, organization, and evolution; study how the microphysical characteristics and likely growth mechanisms of snow particles vary across snowbands; and improve snowfall remote-sensing interpretation and modeling to significantly advance predictive capabilities. The relevance to The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility's mission was to support the Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services (ICAMS)’ objectives to enhance communication and coordination, and promote sharing, within and across agencies. NASA therefore requested to borrow ARM’s two-dimensional stereo probe (2DS) for possible use during the 2023 IMPACTS project. Additionally, this use of the 2DS could improve understanding of ARM 2DS measurements collected on previous field campaigns. The plan was to have the 2DS available for possible backup deployment on the NASA Lockheed Orion P-3 aircraft during the 2023 IMPACTS field project. NASA has a 2DS probe and the ARM 2DS is a hot swappable probe in case the project's 2DS fails. The 2DS is a critical probe and we had issues during a 2022 field project that prevented us from obtaining 2DS data on several flights. Hence, we wanted a hot swappable 2DS on stand-by. We have a data acquisition system, along with a backup data acquisition system for the 2DS, so we only needed the 2DS probe. David Delene was responsible for the use of the 2DS on the NASA P-3 aircraft. He has experience deploying the 2DS on several aircraft, including previously on the NASA P-3 in 2022. The team ensured that the aircraft wiring and deployment of the 2DS were completed correctly for the ARM 2DS.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Auger@TA: In-situ Cross-Calibration of the World's Largest Cosmic Ray Observatories

The Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) and the Telescope Array (TA) are the world's two largest ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observatories. They operate in the Southern and Northern hemispheres, respectively, at similar latitudes but with distinct surface detector (SD) designs. A significant challenge in studying UHECR physics across the full sky is the apparent discrepancy in flux measurements between the two experiments. This discrepancy could arise from astrophysical differences and/or systematic effects related to their detector designs and sensitivities to extensive air shower components. To address this, the Auger@TA working group aims to cross-calibrate the two observatories with a self-triggering micro-Auger array within the TA array. This micro-array consists of eight Auger Surface Detector (SD) stations equipped with Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) and AugerPrime Surface Scintillator Detectors. Seven SD stations, configured with a centered-1-PMT design, are arranged in a hexagonal pattern with one station in the center, with 1.5 km spacing, mirroring the Auger layout. The eighth station, which features a standard 3-PMT Auger station, is located in conjunction with a TA detector at the center of the hexagon, forming a triplet for high-statistics and low-uncertainty cross-calibration. A custom communication system that uses readily available components enables seamless communication between stations and remote access to each station through a central computer. The micro-array is now fully deployed, and initial data-taking is about to start. This presentation will detail the instrumentation, communication systems, central data acquisition system, expected performance of the micro-array, and preliminary results as appropriate.

Mocellin, Adriel G.B. [Colorado School of Mines]↗