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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 37 records · Page 2
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

A hydrogen bonded Co(II) coordination complex and a triply interpenetrating 3-D manganese(II) coordination polymer from diaza crown ether with dibenzoate sidearms

In this paper, the diaza crown ether dicarboxylate ligand, 4,4'-((1,7-dioxa-4,10-diazacyclododecane-4,10-diyl)bis(methylene)dibenzoate), L, forms a monomeric coordination complex of Co(II) ions, CoL(H 2 O) 2 ·2H 2 O, 1, and a coordination polymer (MnL·H 2 O) n , 2, with Mn(II) ions under hydrothermal conditions. The monomeric coordination complex (structure 1) is polar with mirror symmetry and crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group Cm. The mirror plane bisects the complex at the six-coordinate Co(II) ion, the two oxygen atoms of the crown moiety and the two oxygen atoms from coordinated water molecules. The coordinated water molecules take part in strong, linear hydrogen bonds with carboxylate oxygens provided by neighboring Co(II)–crown complexes resulting in a three-dimensional (1 : 1) n polar network in which the topology of the underlying 8-coordinated net is sqc3. The structure of 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group as an infinite, polar triply interpenetrating three-dimensional network. The eight-coordinate Mn(II) ion coordinates two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of the crown moiety, as well as single carboxylate O atom from each of two neighboring ligands. In both structures, the ligand assumes a flexed-wing bird shape, with the two benzoate sidearms of the crown moiety locked in a syn orientation. The metal ion elevated above the plane of the diaza-crown oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The diaza-crown moiety with its two benzoate sidearms has the peculiar property of forming an oriented crystal structure where the metal-crown vectors are oriented parallel to each other in the crystal. However, the structures are achiral, but the rigid crystal lattice prevents re-orientation of the structure through inversion. The coordination polymer (MnL·H 2 O) n , 2, is a 3-center uninodal net with ths (ThSi 2 ) topology. Computational results using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations explain why the flexed-wing bird shape is the preferred and most stable ligand conformation for metal ion binding. Finally, both structures demonstrate magnetic properties that are characteristics of the respective non-interacting isolated paramagnetic transition metal ions that are present.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

COHORT: Coordination of Heterogeneous Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Demand Flexibility

Demand flexibility is increasingly important for power grids. Careful coordination of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can modulate energy demand, decrease operating costs, and increase grid resiliency. We propose a novel distributed control framework for the Coordination Of HeterOgeneous Residential Thermostatically controlled loads (COHORT). COHORT is a practical, scalable, and versatile solution that coordinates a population of TCLs to jointly optimize a grid-level objective, while satisfying each TCL’s end-use requirements and operational constraints. To achieve that, we decompose the grid-scale problem into subproblems and coordi- nate their solutions to find the global optimum using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The TCLs’ local problems are distributed to and computed in parallel at each TCL, making COHORT highly scalable and privacy-preserving. While each TCL poses combinatorial and non-convex constraints, we characterize these constraints as a convex set through relaxation, thereby making COHORT computationally viable over long planning horizons. After coordination, each TCL is responsible for its own control and tracks the agreed-upon power trajectory with its preferred strategy. In this work, we translate continuous power back to discrete on/off actuation, using pulse width modulation. COHORT is generalizable to a wide range of grid objectives, which we demonstrate through three distinct use cases: generation following, minimizing ramping, and peak load curtailment. In a notable experiment, we validated our approach through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation, including a real-world air conditioner (AC) controlled via a smart thermostat, and simulated instances of ACs modeled after real-world data traces. During the 15-day experimental period, COHORT reduced daily peak loads by an average of 12.5% and maintained comfortable temperatures.

demand response↗
DOE OSTI2018

The unexpected virtue of almost: Exploiting MPI collective operations to approximately coordinate checkpoints

Summary Coordinated checkpoint/restart is currently the dominant approach to mitigating the impact of failures on important scientific applications running on large‐scale distributed systems. However, there is widespread evidence that coordinated checkpointing may no longer be viable on next‐generation systems. Uncoordinated checkpoint/restart attempts to address the shortcomings of coordinated checkpoint/restart by allowing application processes to checkpoint their state independently. However, eliminating coordination may significantly degrade application performance. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages existing coordination in important scientific applications to approximately coordinate checkpoints. Specifically, we propose to extend MPI implementations to force checkpoints to occur immediately after the completion of a collective operation. We evaluate the performance implications of this approach using an existing validated simulation framework. Our results demonstrate that approximately coordinated checkpointing can significantly improve application performance relative to totally uncoordinated checkpointing. We also show that forcing checkpoints to occur following a collective operation has a small impact on the nominal checkpoint interval for several important workloads. As a whole, the results presented in this paper demonstrate that approximately coordinated checkpointing may provide significant performance benefits without significantly increasing the cost of failure recovery.

Levy, Scott↗
NASA NTRS1980

Documentation of program AFTBDY to generate coordinate system for 3D after body using body fitted curvilinear coordinates, part 1

The computer program AFTBDY generates a body fitted curvilinear coordinate system for a wedge curved after body. This wedge curved after body is being used in an experimental program. The coordinate system generated by AFTBDY is used to solve 3D compressible N.S. equations. The coordinate system in the physical plane is a cartesian x,y,z system, whereas, in the transformed plane a rectangular xi, eta, zeta system is used. The coordinate system generated is such that in the transformed plane coordinate spacing in the xi, eta, zeta direction is constant and equal to unity. The physical plane coordinate lines in the different regions are clustered heavily or sparsely depending on the regions where physical quantities to be solved for by the N.S. equations have high or low gradients. The coordinate distribution in the physical plane is such that x stays constant in eta and zeta direction, whereas, z stays constant in xi and eta direction. The desired distribution in x and z is input to the program. Consequently, only the y-coordinate is solved for by the program AFTBDY.

Kumar, D.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Distributed Energy Resources Coordination over Time-varying Directed Communication Networks

In this paper, we consider an optimal coordination problem for distributed energy resources (DERs) including distributed generators and energy storage devices. We first propose an algorithm based on the push-sum and gradient method to optimally coordinate storage devices and distributed generators in a distributed manner. In the proposed algorithm, each DER only maintains a set of variables and updates them through information exchange with a few neighboring DERs over a time-varying directed communication network. We show that the proposed distributed algorithm with appropriately chosen step-sizes solve the optimal DER coordination problem if the time-varying directed communication network is uniformly jointly strongly connected, which is a mild condition on the connectivity of communication topologies. The proposed distributed algorithm is illustrated and validated by numerical simulations.

Yang, Tao↗
DOE OSTI2013

Four homochiral coordination polymers contain N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and different N-donor ligand: Influence of metal cations, ancillary ligands and coordination modes

Using the chiral ligand N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (Hacty) and maintaining identical reaction conditions, Zn(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) salts provided four novel homochiral coordination polymers ([Zn(acty)(bipy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]·NO{sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O){sub n}1, ([Co(acty)(bipy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]·NO{sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O){sub n}2, ([Cd(acty){sub 2}(bipy)H{sub 2}O]·H{sub 2}O){sub n}3, and ([Cd(acty)(bpe){sub 2}(Ac)]·6H{sub 2}O){sub n}4 (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine; bpe=1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane) in the presence of ancillary ligands. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural 1D chain structures. The neighboring chains are further linked into a 3D supramolecular structure via π⋯π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. Compound 3 shows a 2D network and 4 generates 1D infinite chains along the c-axis. Compounds 3 and 4 are further connected into 3D supramolecular network by hydrogen bond interactions. More importantly, coordination in acyl oxygen atoms and ancillary ligands (bpe) as monodentate decorating ligands in 4 are rarely reported. Ancillary ligands and metal cations significantly influence the structure of the complexes. The photoluminescence properties of 1, 3, and 4 were studied at room temperature. Circular dichroism (CD) of the complexes have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: Four new homochiral coordination polymers were prepared and structurally characterized, which investigate the influence of the ancillary ligands and metal ions on the design and synthesis of coordination polymers. Display Omitted - Highlights: • It is rarely reported that the chiral coordination polymers prepared with N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ligands. • The alkalescent acetyl oxygen atom is difficult to participate in coordination but it is happened in the N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ligands. • The ancillary ligands (4,4′-bipy and bpe) are present in an unusual coordination modes, monodentate decorating ligands in 1, 2 and 4. • Structure comparative analyses results indicate that the secondary ligands and metal ions influence the fabrication of these inorganic–organic arrangements.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Role of N-Donor Sterics on the Coordination Environment and Dimensionality of Uranyl Thiophenedicarboxylate Coordination Polymers

Thiophene 2,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDC) was reacted with uranyl acetate dihydrate and one (or none) of six N-donor chelating ligands (2,2'-bipyridine (BPY), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4-MeBPY), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5-MeBPY), 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6-MeBPY), 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,6-MeBPY), and tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (TPPZ) to result in the crystallization of seven uranyl coordination polymers, which were characterized by their crystal structures and luminescence properties. The seven coordination polymers, Na 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (C 6 H 2 O 4 S) 3 ]· 4 H 2 O ( 1 ), [(UO 2 ) 4 (C 6 H 2 O 4 S) 5 (C 10 H 8 N 2 ) 2 ]·C 10 H 10 N 2 ·3H 2 O ( 2 ), [(UO 2 )(C 6 H 2 O 4 S)(C 12 H 12 N 3 )] ( 3 ), [(UO 2 )(C 6 H 2 O 4 S)(C 12 H 12 N 3 )]·H 2 O ( 4 ), [(UO 2 ) 2 (C 6 H 2 O 4 S) 3 ]·(C 12 H 14 N 2 )·5H 2 O ( 5 ), [(UO 2 ) 3 (CH 3 CO 2 )(C 6 H 2 O 4 S) 4 ](C 14 H 17 N 2 ) 3 ·(C 14 H 16 N 2 )·H 2 O ( 6 ), and [(UO 2 ) 2 (C 6 H 2 O 4 S) 3 ](C 24 H 18 N 6 ) ( 7 ), consist of either uranyl hexagonal bipyramidal or pentagonal bipyramidal coordination geometries. In all structures, structural variations in the local and global structures of 1–7 are influenced by the positions (or number) of methyl groups or pyridyl rings on the N-donor species, thus resulting in a wide diversity of structures ranging from single chains, double chains, or 2-D sheets. Direct coordination of N-donor ligands to uranyl centers is observed in the chain structures of 2–4 using BPY, 4-MeBPY, and 5-MeBPY, whereas the N-donor species participate as guests (as either neutral or charge balancing species) in the chain and sheet structures of 5–7 using 6-MeBPY, 4,6-MeBPY, and TPPZ, respectively. Compound 1 is the only structure that does not contain any N-donor ligands and thus crystallizes as a 2-D interpenetrating sheet. The luminescent properties of 1–7 are influenced by the direct coordination or noncoordination of N-donor species to uranyl centers. Compounds 2–4 exhibit typical UO 2 2+ emission upon direct coordination of N-donors, but its absence is observed in 1, 5, 6 , and 7 , when N-donor species participate as guest molecules. These results suggest that direct coordination of N-donor ligands participate as chromophores, thus resulting in possible UO 2 2+ sensitization. Finally, the lack of emission in 1, 5, 6 , and 7 may be explained by the extended conjugation of the TDC ligands within their structures.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
NASA NTRS1994

Comparison of coordinate-invariant and coordinate-aligned upwinding for the Euler equations

A floating-shock fitting method for the Euler equations has been developed that uses one-sided spatial differences along and across streamlines. The coordinate-invariant formulation of the spatial differences permits automatic capture of shears. Results are presented for unsteady shocked flow in a duct with a ramp, for supercritical flow over a circular cylinder, and for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic (0.3 is less than or equal to M(sub infinity) is less than 1.5) flow over airfoils. In flows with strong shears, the coordinate-invariant differencing concept appears to yield some gains in accuracy over Euler methods that rely on coordinate-aligned differencing concepts. In applications to transonic airfoils, fitted shocks have a tendency to be predicted upstream of captured shocks, regardless of whether coordinate-invariant or coordinate-aligned differencing is used. The coordinate-invariant differencing method requires between 2 and 3.5 times as much computing time as its coordinate-aligned counterpart.

Hartwich, Peter M.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of a Heterocyclic Nitrogen-Donor Group on the Coordination of Trivalent Actinides and Lanthanides by Aminopolycarboxylate Complexants

Here, the novel metal chelator – N -2-pyridylmethyl-diethylenetriamine- N,N',N'',N'' -tetraacetic acid, DTTA-PyM – was designed to replace a single O-donor acetate group of the well-known aminopolycarboxylate complexant diethylenetriamine- N,N,N',N'',N'' -pentaacetic acid (DTPA) with an N-donor 2-pyridylmethyl. Potentiometric, spectroscopic, computational, and radioisotope distribution methods show distinct differences for the 4f and 5f coordination environments and enhanced actinide binding due to the nitrogen bearing heterocyclic moiety. The Am 3+ , Cm 3+ , Ln 3+ complexation studies for DTTA-PyM reveal an enhanced preference, relative to DTPA, for trivalent actinide binding. Fluorescence studies indicate no changes to the octadentate coordination of trivalent curium, while evidence of heptadentate complexation of trivalent europium is found in mixtures containing EuHL (aq) complexes at the same aqueous acidity. The denticity change observed for Eu 3+ suggests that complex protonation occurs on the pyridyl nitrogen. Formation of the CmHL(aq) complex is likely due to the protonation of an available carboxylate group since the carbonyl oxygen can maintain octadentate coordination through a rotation. The observed suppressed protonation of the pyridyl nitrogen in the Cm complexes may be attributed to stronger trivalent actinide binding by DTTA-PyM. Density functional theory calculations indicate that added stabilization of the actinide complexes with DTTA-PyM may originate from p back-bonding interactions between singly occupied 5 f orbitals of Am 3+ and the pyridyl nitrogen. The differences between the stability of trivalent actinide chelates (Am 3+ , Cm 3+ ) and trivalent lanthanide chelates (La 3+ -Lu 3+ ) are observed in liquid-liquid extraction systems, yielding unprecedented 4 f /5 f differentiation when using DTTA-PyM as an aqueous holdback reagent. In addition, the enhanced N -donor softness of the new DTTA-PyM chelator was perturbed by adding a fluorine onto the pyridine group. The comparative characterization of N -(3-fluoro-2-pyridylmethyl)-diethylenetriamine- N,N',N'',N'' -tetraacetic acid, DTTA-3-F-PyM, showed subdued 4 f /5 f differentiation due to the presence of this electron-withdrawing group.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Oxidation of ethane to ethanol by N 2 O in a metal-organic framework with coordinatively unsaturated iron(II) sites

Enzymatic haem and non-haem high-valent iron–oxo species are known to activate strong C–H bonds, yet duplicating this reactivity in a synthetic system remains a formidable challenge. Although instability of the terminal iron–oxo moiety is perhaps the foremost obstacle, steric and electronic factors also limit the activity of previously reported mononuclear iron(IV)–oxo compounds. In particular, although nature's non-haem iron(IV)–oxo compounds possess high-spin S = 2 ground states, this electronic configuration has proved difficult to achieve in a molecular species. These challenges may be mitigated within metal–organic frameworks that feature site-isolated iron centres in a constrained, weak-field ligand environment. Here, we show that the metal–organic framework Fe 2 (dobdc) (dobdc 4- = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) and its magnesium-diluted analogue, Fe 0.1 Mg 1.9 (dobdc), are able to activate the C–H bonds of ethane and convert it into ethanol and acetaldehyde using nitrous oxide as the terminal oxidant. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the active oxidant is likely to be a high-spin S = 2 iron(IV)–oxo species.

Xiao, Dianne J.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Planning the Next Decade of Coordinated Research to Better Understand and Simulate Marine Low Clouds

Marine low clouds have a large impact on the Earth’s energy and hydrologic cycle. They strongly reflect incoming solar radiation, with little compensating impact on outgoing longwave radiation resulting in a net cooling of the climate. The representation of marine low clouds in climate models is one of the largest uncertainties in the estimation of climate sensitivity (e.g. Bony and Dufresne 2005), and marine low clouds are critical mediators of global aerosol radiative forcing (Zelinka et al. 2014). Despite the importance of these cloud systems to the Earth’s climate, their parameterization continues to be challenging, due to an incomplete understanding of key processes that regulate them and insufficient resolution of these processes in models. To help define research pathways to address outstanding issues related to our understanding of marine low clouds, a workshop was held January 27-29, 2016 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The overarching goal was to identify current gaps in knowledge or simulation capabilities and promising strategies for addressing them, with a particular emphasis on improving the representation of marine low clouds in climate models and contributions that could be made with U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research support using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement facility measurements.

Wood, Robert↗