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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

A few modeling and rendering techniques for computer graphics and their implementation on ultra hardware

Ultra network is a recently installed very high speed graphic hardware at NASA Langley Research Center. The Ultra Network interfaced to Voyager through its HSX channel is capable of transmitting up to 800 million bits of information per second. It is capable of displaying fifteen to twenty frames of precomputed images of size 1024 x 2368 with 24 bits of color information per pixel per second. Modeling and rendering techniques are being developed in computer graphics and implemented on Ultra hardware. A ray tracer is being developed for use at the Flight Software and Graphic branch. Changes were made to make the ray tracer compatible with Voyager.

Bidasaria, Hari↗
NASA NTRS2017

Color Algebras

A color algebra refers to a system for computing sums and products of colors, analogous to additive and subtractive color mixtures. We would like it to match the well-defined algebra of spectral functions describing lights and surface reflectances, but an exact correspondence is impossible after the spectra have been projected to a three-dimensional color space, because of metamerism physically different spectra can produce the same color sensation. Metameric spectra are interchangeable for the purposes of addition, but not multiplication, so any color algebra is necessarily an approximation to physical reality. Nevertheless, because the majority of naturally-occurring spectra are well-behaved (e.g., continuous and slowly-varying), color algebras can be formulated that are largely accurate and agree well with human intuition. Here we explore the family of algebras that result from associating each color with a member of a three-dimensional manifold of spectra. This association can be used to construct a color product, defined as the color of the spectrum of the wavelength-wise product of the spectra associated with the two input colors. The choice of the spectral manifold determines the behavior of the resulting system, and certain special subspaces allow computational efficiencies. The resulting systems can be used to improve computer graphic rendering techniques, and to model various perceptual phenomena such as color constancy.

color constancy↗
NASA NTRS1978

Optical conversion method

An optical pickup comprising an electrooptical device located between two crossed polarizing devices all positioned along a common optical axis is described for switching a TV system between a color mode and a black and white mode. Embodiments in which the electrooptical system is used as a neutral density filter, a selective color filter, or a light shutter as applied to a television camera are described. Where the optical system is used as a selective color filter to produce light beams of alternating color in a field sequential color television system, deactivation of the optical system renders the television a black and white system.

Perry, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS2011

High-Performance 3D Articulated Robot Display

In the domain of telerobotic operations, the primary challenge facing the operator is to understand the state of the robotic platform. One key aspect of understanding the state is to visualize the physical location and configuration of the platform. As there is a wide variety of mobile robots, the requirements for visualizing their configurations vary diversely across different platforms. There can also be diversity in the mechanical mobility, such as wheeled, tracked, or legged mobility over surfaces. Adaptable 3D articulated robot visualization software can accommodate a wide variety of robotic platforms and environments. The visualization has been used for surface, aerial, space, and water robotic vehicle visualization during field testing. It has been used to enable operations of wheeled and legged surface vehicles, and can be readily adapted to facilitate other mechanical mobility solutions. The 3D visualization can render an articulated 3D model of a robotic platform for any environment. Given the model, the software receives real-time telemetry from the avionics system onboard the vehicle and animates the robot visualization to reflect the telemetered physical state. This is used to track the position and attitude in real time to monitor the progress of the vehicle as it traverses its environment. It is also used to monitor the state of any or all articulated elements of the vehicle, such as arms, legs, or control surfaces. The visualization can also render other sorts of telemetered states visually, such as stress or strains that are measured by the avionics. Such data can be used to color or annotate the virtual vehicle to indicate nominal or off-nominal states during operation. The visualization is also able to render the simulated environment where the vehicle is operating. For surface and aerial vehicles, it can render the terrain under the vehicle as the avionics sends it location information (GPS, odometry, or star tracking), and locate the vehicle over or on the terrain correctly. For long traverses over terrain, the visualization can stream in terrain piecewise in order to maintain the current area of interest for the operator without incurring unreasonable resource constraints on the computing platform. The visualization software is designed to run on laptops that can operate in field-testing environments without Internet access, which is a frequently encountered situation when testing in remote locations that simulate planetary environments such as Mars and other planetary bodies.

Powell, Mark W.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Multi-modal cockpit interface for improved airport surface operations

A system for multi-modal cockpit interface during surface operation of an aircraft comprises a head tracking device, a processing element, and a full-color head worn display. The processing element is configured to receive head position information from the head tracking device, to receive current location information of the aircraft, and to render a virtual airport scene corresponding to the head position information and the current aircraft location. The full-color head worn display is configured to receive the virtual airport scene from the processing element and to display the virtual airport scene. The current location information may be received from one of a global positioning system or an inertial navigation system.

Arthur, Jarvis J.↗
NASA NTRS2015

A Data Exploration Tool for Large Sets of Spectra

We present an exploration tool for very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey), LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope), and 4MOST (4-meter Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope) data sets. The tool works in two stages: the first uses batch processing and the second runs interactively. The latter employs the NASA hyperwall, a configuration of 128 workstation displays (8 by 16 array) controlled by a parallelized software suite running on NASA's Pleiades supercomputer. The stellar subset of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, DR10, was chosen to show how the our tool may be used. In stage one, SDSS files for 569,740 stars are processed through our data pipeline. The pipeline fits each spectrum using an iterative continuum algorithm, distinguishing emission from absorption and handling molecular absorption bands correctly. It then measures 1659 discrete atomic and molecular spectral features that were carefully preselected based on their likelihood of being visible at some spectral type. The depths relative to the local continuum at each feature wavelength are determined for each spectrum: these depths, the local S/N (signal to noise ratio) level, and DR10-supplied variables such as magnitudes, colors, positions, and radial velocities are the basic measured quantities used on the hyperwall. In stage two, each hyperwall panel is used to display a 2-D scatter plot showing the depth of feature A vs the depth of feature B for all of the stars. A and B change from panel to panel. The relationships between the various (A,B) strengths and any distinctive clustering are immediately apparent when examining and inter-comparing the different panels on the hyperwall. The interactive software allows the user to select the stars in any interesting region of any 2-D plot on the hyperwall, immediately rendering the same stars on all the other 2-D plots in a unique color. The process may be repeated multiple times, each selection displaying a distinctive color on all the plots. At any time, the spectra of the selected stars may be examined in detail on a connected workstation display. We illustrate how our approach allows us to quickly isolate and examine such interesting stellar subsets as EMP (Extremely Metal‐Poor) stars, CV (Cataclymic Variable) stars and C (Carbon)-rich stars.

Data Exploration↗
NASA NTRS1996

Visualizing Vector Fields Using Line Integral Convolution and Dye Advection

We present local and global techniques to visualize three-dimensional vector field data. Using the Line Integral Convolution (LIC) method to image the global vector field, our new algorithm allows the user to introduce colored 'dye' into the vector field to highlight local flow features. A fast algorithm is proposed that quickly recomputes the dyed LIC images. In addition, we introduce volume rendering methods that can map the LIC texture on any contour surface and/or translucent region defined by additional scalar quantities, and can follow the advection of colored dye throughout the volume.

Shen, Han-Wei↗
NASA NTRS1990

Stanford/NASA-Ames Center of Excellence in model-based human performance

The human operator plays a critical role in many aeronautic and astronautic missions. The Stanford/NASA-Ames Center of Excellence in Model-Based Human Performance (COE) was initiated in 1985 to further our understanding of the performance capabilities and performance limits of the human component of aeronautic and astronautic projects. Support from the COE is devoted to those areas of experimental and theoretical work designed to summarize and explain human performance by developing computable performance models. The ultimate goal is to make these computable models available to other scientists for use in design and evaluation of aeronautic and astronautic instrumentation. Within vision science, two topics have received particular attention. First, researchers did extensive work analyzing the human ability to recognize object color relatively independent of the spectral power distribution of the ambient lighting (color constancy). The COE has supported a number of research papers in this area, as well as the development of a substantial data base of surface reflectance functions, ambient illumination functions, and an associated software package for rendering and analyzing image data with respect to these spectral functions. Second, the COE supported new empirical studies on the problem of selecting colors for visual display equipment to enhance human performance in discrimination and recognition tasks.

Wandell, Brian A.↗
NASA NTRS2002

ISS Radiation Shielding and Acoustic Simulation Using an Immersive Environment

The International Space Station Environment Simulator (ISSES) is a virtual reality application that uses high-performance computing, graphics, and audio rendering to simulate the radiation and acoustic environments of the International Space Station (ISS). This CAVE application allows the user to maneuver to different locations inside or outside of the ISS and interactively compute and display the radiation dose at a point. The directional dose data is displayed as a color-mapped sphere that indicates the relative levels of radiation from all directions about the center of the sphere. The noise environment is rendered in real time over headphones or speakers and includes non-spatial background noise, such as air-handling equipment, and spatial sounds associated with specific equipment racks, such as compressors or fans. Changes can be made to equipment rack locations that produce changes in both the radiation shielding and system noise. The ISSES application allows for interactive investigation and collaborative trade studies between radiation shielding and noise for crew safety and comfort.

Verhage, Joshua E.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Poly-Pattern Compressive Segmentation of ASTER Data for GIS

Pattern-based segmentation of multi-band image data, such as ASTER, produces one-byte and two-byte approximate compressions. This is a dual segmentation consisting of nested coarser and finer level pattern mappings called poly-patterns. The coarser A-level version is structured for direct incorporation into geographic information systems in the manner of a raster map. GIs renderings of this A-level approximation are called pattern pictures which have the appearance of color enhanced images. The two-byte version consisting of thousands of B-level segments provides a capability for approximate restoration of the multi-band data in selected areas or entire scenes. Poly-patterns are especially useful for purposes of change detection and landscape analysis at multiple scales. The primary author has implemented the segmentation methodology in a public domain software suite.

Myers, Wayne↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Space Needle Returns

STEP is imported into Engineering Sketch Pad. Some bodies where slightly scaled and translated in OpenCSM to create a manifold solid for the downstream meshing process. The braces at the base and columns around the core are omitted because their solids are malformed or created nonmanifold intersections. EGADS provides an initial tessellation of the surface. refine adapted the surface mesh to a curvature and feature size metric. TetGen initially filled the volume. The TetGen mesh is adapted to the Spalding Law of the Wall u+ with refine to provide the initial mesh for flow solution. Solution-based mesh adaptation is performed where FUN3D-FV computes the flow solution with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled to the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The freestream Mach number is 4 approaching 40° from the central axis of the Space Needle. The volume and surface mesh is adapted with refine to reduce estimated interpolation error in Mach number via the multiscale metric. The adapted mesh implicitly resolves the boundary layers, shocks, and expansions. The surface mesh is shown for the lee side with a slice through the volume on the left. Computational schlieren in the lower right shows density variations. A slice of the mesh is colored with Mach number in the upper right where mesh with freestream Mach number is not rendered. The volume mesh contains 64 million vertices. A NASA worm logo is sketched and extruded into a solid in OpenCSM. The worm is unioned to the Space Needle roof to produce the inset mesh image.

mesh↗
NASA NTRS1984

Imaging data

The primary, planetary imaging data base includes all images obtained in visible wavelengths by imaging camera systems aboard planetary spacecraft. (Excluded, due to the volume and complexity of the data, are images taken from Lunar or Earth orbital spacecraft). These estimated 145,000 individual images exist on 12,400 magnetic tapes in a digital format primarily as Experiment Data Records (EDRs); and most are accompanied by the Supplementary Experiment Data Records (SEDRs), which render the EDRs useful. Hardcopy pictures and negatives, the designated archive products for imaging experiments, along with color products and mosaics are maintained at the National space Science Data Center (NSSDC). Also included in the discussion of imaging data are two-dimensional data produced by spacecraft instruments other than optical sensors which may be considered images in a broad sense. Examples of these instruments are imaging radar systems, scanning infrared radiometers, and photopolarimeters.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2008

Visualization Component of Vehicle Health Decision Support System

The visualization front-end of a Decision Support System (DSS) also includes an analysis engine linked to vehicle telemetry, and a database of learned models for known behaviors. Because the display is graphical rather than text-based, the summarization it provides has a greater information density on one screen for evaluation by a flight controller.This tool provides a system-level visualization of the state of a vehicle, and drill-down capability for more details and interfaces to separate analysis algorithms and sensor data streams. The system-level view is a 3D rendering of the vehicle, with sensors represented as icons, tied to appropriate positions within the vehicle body and colored to indicate sensor state (e.g., normal, warning, anomalous state, etc.). The sensor data is received via an Information Sharing Protocol (ISP) client that connects to an external server for real-time telemetry. Users can interactively pan, zoom, and rotate this 3D view, as well as select sensors for a detail plot of the associated time series data. Subsets of the plotted data can be selected and sent to an external analysis engine to either search for a similar time series in an historical database, or to detect anomalous events. The system overview and plotting capabilities are completely general in that they can be applied to any vehicle instrumented with a collection of sensors. This visualization component can interface with the ISP for data streams used by NASA s Mission Control Center at Johnson Space Center. In addition, it can connect to, and display results from, separate analysis engine components that identify anomalies or that search for past instances of similar behavior. This software supports NASA's Software, Intelligent Systems, and Modeling element in the Exploration Systems Research and Technology Program by augmenting the capability of human flight controllers to make correct decisions, thus increasing safety and reliability. It was designed specifically as a tool for NASA's flight controllers to monitor the International Space Station and a future Crew Exploration Vehicle.

Jacob, Joseph↗
NASA NTRS2004

Texture-Based Correspondence Display

Texture-based correspondence display is a methodology to display corresponding data elements in visual representations of complex multidimensional, multivariate data. Texture is utilized as a persistent medium to contain a visual representation model and as a means to create multiple renditions of data where color is used to identify correspondence. Corresponding data elements are displayed over a variety of visual metaphors in a normal rendering process without adding extraneous linking metadata creation and maintenance. The effectiveness of visual representation for understanding data is extended to the expression of the visual representation model in texture.

Gerald-Yamasaki, Michael↗
NASA NTRS2010

Math Description Engine Software Development Kit

The Math Description Engine Software Development Kit (MDE SDK) can be used by software developers to make computer-rendered graphs more accessible to blind and visually-impaired users. The MDE SDK generates alternative graph descriptions in two forms: textual descriptions and non-verbal sound renderings, or sonification. It also enables display of an animated trace of a graph sonification on a visual graph component, with color and line-thickness options for users having low vision or color-related impairments. A set of accessible graphical user interface widgets is provided for operation by end users and for control of accessible graph displays. Version 1.0 of the MDE SDK generates text descriptions for 2D graphs commonly seen in math and science curriculum (and practice). The mathematically rich text descriptions can also serve as a virtual math and science assistant for blind and sighted users, making graphs more accessible for everyone. The MDE SDK has a simple application programming interface (API) that makes it easy for programmers and Web-site developers to make graphs accessible with just a few lines of code. The source code is written in Java for cross-platform compatibility and to take advantage of Java s built-in support for building accessible software application interfaces. Compiled-library and NASA Open Source versions are available with API documentation and Programmer s Guide at http:/ / prim e.jsc.n asa. gov.

Shelton, Robert O.↗
NASA NTRS1998

An Atmospheric Atomic Oxygen Source for Cleaning Smoke Damaged Art Objects

Soot and other carbonaceous combustion products deposited on the surfaces of porous ceramic, stone, ivory and paper can be difficult to remove and can have potentially unsatisfactory results using wet chemical and/or abrasive cleaning techniques. An atomic oxygen source which operates in air at atmospheric pressure, using a mixture of oxygen and helium, has been developed to produce an atomic oxygen beam which is highly effective in oxidizing soot deposited on surfaces by burning candles made of paraffin, oil or rendered animal fat. Atomic oxygen source operating conditions and the results of cleaning soot from paper, gesso, ivory, limestone and water color-painted limestone are presented,

Banks, Bruce A.↗
NASA NTRS2008

JAVA Stereo Display Toolkit

This toolkit provides a common interface for displaying graphical user interface (GUI) components in stereo using either specialized stereo display hardware (e.g., liquid crystal shutter or polarized glasses) or anaglyph display (red/blue glasses) on standard workstation displays. An application using this toolkit will work without modification in either environment, allowing stereo software to reach a wider audience without sacrificing high-quality display on dedicated hardware. The toolkit is written in Java for use with the Swing GUI Toolkit and has cross-platform compatibility. It hooks into the graphics system, allowing any standard Swing component to be displayed in stereo. It uses the OpenGL graphics library to control the stereo hardware and to perform the rendering. It also supports anaglyph and special stereo hardware using the same API (application-program interface), and has the ability to simulate color stereo in anaglyph mode by combining the red band of the left image with the green/blue bands of the right image. This is a low-level toolkit that accomplishes simply the display of components (including the JadeDisplay image display component). It does not include higher-level functions such as disparity adjustment, 3D cursor, or overlays all of which can be built using this toolkit.

Edmonds, Karina↗
NASA NTRS1994

Experimenter's Laboratory for Visualized Interactive Science

ELVIS (Experimenter's Laboratory for Visualized Interactive Science) is an interactive visualization environment that enables scientists, students, and educators to visualize and analyze large, complex, and diverse sets of scientific data. It accomplishes this by presenting the data sets as 2-D, 3-D, color, stereo, and graphic images with movable and multiple light sources combined with displays of solid-surface, contours, wire-frame, and transparency. By simultaneously rendering diverse data sets acquired from multiple sources, formats, and resolutions and by interacting with the data through an intuitive, direct-manipulation interface, ELVIS provides an interactive and responsive environment for exploratory data analysis.

Hansen, Elaine R.↗